Experience Human Development 13Th Edition By Diane Papalia – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Chapter 03

Forming a New Life

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1.   (p. 49) According to your text, when does development start?

2.   At conception

3.   At birth

4.   In infancy

5.   During adolescence

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: Conceiving new life

 

2.   (p. 49) A woman’s “fertile window” is typically between the __________ of the menstrual cycle.

3.   6th and 21st days

4.   14th and 15th days

5.   25th and 28th days

6.   1st and 2nd month

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: How fertilization takes place

 

 

3.   (p. 49) A zygote is created when a sperm and an egg combine in the fallopian tube to form a single cell. This process is referred to as

4.   implantation.

5.   ovulation.

6.   fertilization.

7.   menstruation.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: How fertilization takes place

 

4.   (p. 49) Ovulation refers to

5.   the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm.

6.   the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary.

7.   the passage of an ovum through the vagina and out of a woman’s body.

8.   the absorption of an ovum by a woman’s white blood cells.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: How fertilization takes place

 

 

5.   (p. 49) Which of the following describes the path sperm travel after they enter the women’s body through the vagina?

6.   Uterus, cervix, fallopian tube

7.   Cervix, uterus, fallopian tube

8.   Fallopian tube, cervix, uterus

9.   Cervix, fallopian tube, uterus

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: How fertilization takes place

 

6.   (p. 50) Twins formed by the fertilization of two ova by two sperm are

7.   fraternal.

8.   the least common type of twins.

9.   genetically the same.

10.                more likely in first pregnancies than in later ones.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: What causes multiple births?

 

7.   (p. 50) Epigenesis is a process by which monozygotic twins tend to

8.   become more alike as they get older.

9.   show more differences as they get older.

10.                show little impact from environmental factors as they age.

11.                demonstrate nearly total similarity throughout life regardless of the environment.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: What causes multiple births?

 

 

8.   (p. 50) In recent years there has been a rise in multiple births. This rise is a result of

9.   delayed childbearing.

10.                increased use of fertility drugs.

11.                assisted reproduction.

12.                All of these

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: What causes multiple births?

 

9.   (p. 50) Tasha has just given birth to healthy twins. One of the twins has an X and Y chromosome, while the other has two X chromosomes. These twins are

10.                monozygotic.

11.                dizygotic.

12.                unizygotic.

13.                either monozygotic or dizygotic.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: What causes multiple births?

 

10.                (p. 50) Which of the following statements about monozygotic twins is TRUE?

11.                They are no more similar to one another than normal siblings.

12.                They will always have identical temperaments.

13.                They will always be born with identical physical characteristics.

14.                One twin may be right-handed while the other is left-handed.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: What causes multiple births?

 

 

11.                (p. 50) The increased use of fertility drugs, along with delayed childbearing, has resulted in

12.                an increase in multiple births.

13.                a decrease in multiple births.

14.                no change in multiple births.

15.                no relationship between these factors.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: What causes multiple births?

 

12.                (p. 50) You tell your parents that in college you wish to study the science of genetics. What will be the focus of your study?

13.                The inborn, inherited factors that affect development

14.                The effects of environmental influences on phenotypic development

15.                The interactions of the environment with nurturing factors

16.                The factors responsible for all differences between people

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Mechanisms of heredity

 

 

13.                (p. 50) Holly is an older female who has begun taking fertility drugs in the hopes of becoming pregnant. If Holly were to become pregnant, she has an increased chance of having

14.                a girl.

15.                a boy.

16.                twins.

17.                None of these

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how conception occurs and what causes multiple births.

Topic: What causes multiple births?

 

14.                (p. 51) According to your text, the human genome, which contains the complete sequence of genes in the human body, is analogous to

15.                a library.

16.                a gymnasium.

17.                a cafeteria.

18.                the entire school.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: The genetic code

 

 

15.                (p. 51) Which of the following is TRUE of the process of meiosis?

16.                Meiosis results in two cells, each with 46 chromosomes.

17.                It results in the number of chromosomes being reduced by half.

18.                The process adds an extra twenty-first chromosome.

19.                Meiosis is the process by which the egg and sperm combine.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: The genetic code

 

16.                (p. 51) A process by which non-sex cells divide in half over and over again is

17.                meiosis.

18.                mitosis.

19.                menstruation.

20.                multiple splitosis.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: The genetic code

 

17.                (p. 51) Within each cell nucleus are coils of DNA called

18.                genes.

19.                human genomes.

20.                chromosomes.

21.                zygotes.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: The genetic code

 

 

18.                (p. 51) Genetic action that triggers the development of the body and brain are often regulated by

19.                the specific strength and viability of growth genes.

20.                hormone levels that stimulate genes.

21.                the amount of stress present in the environment.

22.                adequate nutrition during the developmental process.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: The genetic code

 

19.                (p. 51) How many pairs of chromosomes does the normal human being have?

20.                22

21.                23

22.                44

23.                46

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: The genetic code

 

 

20.                (p. 51) The name for the process of cell division that produces copies of cells with the 46 chromosomes is

21.                diffusion.

22.                meiosis.

23.                translocation.

24.                mitosis.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: The genetic code

 

21.                (p. 51) In human development class, Tasha and Vladimir learned that it is the chromosomes of __________ that will determine the sex of the child they hope to have together.

22.                the mother

23.                the father

24.                both parents

25.                chance

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: The genetic code

 

 

22.                (p. 52) The chromosomes that do NOT determine sex are called

23.                zygotes.

24.                genes.

25.                gametes.

26.                autosomes.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: What determines sex?

 

23.                (p. 52) The process of sexual differentiation that occurs during the early weeks of prenatal development is now recognized as being __________ complex than was previously thought.

24.                less

25.                significantly less

26.                more

27.                undifferentiated and less

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: What determines sex?

 

 

24.                (p. 52) Sexual differentiation in human embryos normally occurs during the ___________ after conception.

25.                sixth to eighth weeks

26.                second trimester

27.                first few moments

28.                12th week

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: What determines sex?

 

25.                (p. 53) When tall homozygous pea plants are crossbred with homozygous short pea plants, the resulting hybrids are tall, but in the next generation, one out of four plants is short. This experiment demonstrates Mendel’s law of

26.                independent segregation.

27.                dominant inheritance.

28.                incomplete dominance.

29.                multifactorial inheritance.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

 

26.                (p. 53) If Laurie has albinism but neither of her parents exhibits this inherited condition, the trait must be __________ and Laurie’s genotype for this trait is _________.

27.                dominant; homozygous

28.                recessive; homozygous

29.                dominant; heterozygous

30.                recessive; heterozygous

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

27.                (p. 53) A hereditary characteristic that is carried by an individual but is NOT expressed in that individual’s phenotype is

28.                recessive.

29.                partially dominant.

30.                homozygous.

31.                regressive.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

 

28.                (p. 53) When neither of two alleles is dominant, the resulting trait reflects the influence of both. This is called

29.                polygenic inheritance.

30.                dominant inheritance.

31.                codominance.

32.                recessive inheritance.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

29.                (p. 53) Recessive inheritance occurs only when a person receives two _____ alleles, one from each parent.

30.                dominant

31.                recessive

32.                homozygous

33.                heterozygous

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

 

30.                (p. 53) Marco’s parents both have brown eyes, but Marco’s eyes are blue. Marco’s eyes are the result of

31.                dominant inheritance.

32.                recessive inheritance.

33.                genetic mutation.

34.                chromosomal abnormality.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

31.                (p. 53) Traits that are affected by many genes are

32.                only expressed through homozygous alleles.

33.                usually recessive for females.

34.                generally dominant in monozygotic twins.

35.                influenced through polygenic inheritance.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

32.                (p. 54) According to your text, complex normal behavior is the result of

33.                dominant inheritance.

34.                recessive inheritance.

35.                genetic cohesion.

36.                polygenic inheritance.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

 

33.                (p. 54) Theresa is a creative, artistic individual who loves to paint. Theresa’s artistic ability is most likely the result of

34.                dominant inheritance.

35.                recessive inheritance.

36.                genetic cohesion.

37.                polygenic inheritance.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

34.                (p. 54) Which of the following is TRUE regarding the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

35.                Two people can share the same genotype but have different phenotypes.

36.                If two people have the same phenotype, then they must have the same genotype.

37.                Dominant genes are expressed in your genotype; recessive genes are expressed in your phenotype.

38.                Almost all people share the same phenotype but differ greatly in their genotype.

 

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

 

35.                (p. 54) A person’s observable characteristics are his or her

36.                alleles.

37.                genetic imprint.

38.                phenotype

39.                genotype.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

36.                (p. 54) Marlin has been asked to go on a blind date with his friend Roger’s sister. If Marlin wants to know facts like hair color, body type, etc., Roger will need to describe his sister’s

37.                incomplete dominance.

38.                phenotype.

39.                genotype.

40.                allele differentiation.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

 

37.                (p. 54) A person’s genotype may INCLUDE the ability for musical giftedness. Which of the following experiences will encourage the expression of that musical talent?

38.                Good nutrition on the part of the mother

39.                Access to musical instruments/lessons

40.                Lack of interest in music

41.                Parents who have musical interest or talent

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

38.                (p. 54) Marsha’s nickname as a child was “Shirley Temple” because of her curly hair. Although her hair is curly, she carries a gene for straight hair. Her phenotype is

39.                curly hair.

40.                straight hair.

41.                genes for both curly and straight hair.

42.                her total genetic makeup.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

 

39.                (p. 54) The view by society that it is desirable to have only two children is an example of Bronfenbrenner’s

40.                microsystem.

41.                macrosystem.

42.                exosystem.

43.                Any of the above, depending upon the parent

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Patterns of genetic transmission

 

40.                (p. 55) Thomas suffers from a sex-linked blood-clotting disorder called hemophilia that is transmitted by a recessive gene. Neither his mother nor his father has ever shown symptoms of this disease. What can we conclude about the genetic makeup of John’s parents?

41.                Both the mother and the father have the faulty gene.

42.                The mother is a carrier for hemophilia, while the father does not have the gene.

43.                The mother is homozygous for the faulty gene, while the father is heterozygous.

44.                The father has the faulty gene, while the mother does not.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

 

41.                (p. 55) Social competence was measured in girls with Turner’s syndrome, a defect in which the individual is missing an X chromosome. Those who received the single X from their fathers did better and were better adjusted than those who received the single X from their mothers. The dad’s gene seemed to override the mother’s chemically altered gene. This is an example of

42.                genetic imprinting.

43.                a sex-linked characteristic.

44.                a recessive trait.

45.                incomplete dominance.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

42.                (p. 56) Which birth defect afflicts European Jews at a rate of 1 in 3,000?

43.                Tay-Sachs disease

44.                Sickle-cell anemia

45.                Cystic fibrosis

46.                Cooley’s anemia

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

 

43.                (p. 56) Christopher has a gene for Huntington’s disease and will definitely have the disorder. This is an example of transmission by __________ inheritance.

44.                recessive

45.                dominant

46.                sex-linked

47.                multifactorial

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

44.                (p. 56) Joan has the most common lethal genetic defect among white people and will probably not live to be 30 years of age. Joan suffers from

45.                PKU.

46.                cystic fibrosis.

47.                spina bifida.

48.                Tay-Sachs.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

 

45.                (p. 56) The partial expression of a recessive gene in a heterozygous pair is called

46.                dominant inheritance.

47.                recessive inheritance.

48.                incomplete dominance.

49.                partial dominance.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

46.                (p. 58) Some infants are born with sex-linked disorders. These disorders are

47.                never seen in females.

48.                generally passed from father to son.

49.                generally passed from mother to daughter.

50.                often carried by a female although not apparent in her phenotype.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

47.                (p. 58) Red-green color blindness, hemophilia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy are all types of

48.                sex-linked recessive disorders.

49.                sex-linked dominant disorders.

50.                disorders that are more common in females than males.

51.                disorders linked to the Y chromosome.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

 

48.                (p. 58) Who is most resistant to sex-linked recessive disorders?

49.                Males

50.                Females

51.                Both

52.                Neither

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

49.                (p. 59) Latrice was born with an extra fold of skin at the corners of her eyes, a small head, protruding tongue, and mental retardation. She probably has

50.                Turner’s syndrome.

51.                Klinefelter’s syndrome.

52.                Down syndrome.

53.                hemophilia.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

 

50.                (p. 59) Permanent alterations in genetic material that occur due to environmental conditions such as radiation or environmental hazards is/are called

51.                incomplete dominations.

52.                recessive defects.

53.                alleles.

54.                mutations.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

51.                (p. 59) Which of the following statements regarding Down syndrome is TRUE?

52.                It is due to a defect in the sex chromosomes.

53.                If one identical twin has the disorder, the other twin will not have the disorder.

54.                These individuals have brain shrinkage and are at risk for Alzheimer disease as they age.

55.                Individuals with the disorder must be hospitalized throughout much of their lives.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

52.                (p. 59) A factor that increases the probability of having a baby with Down syndrome is

53.                increased age of mother or father.

54.                parents’ use of tobacco.

55.                parents’ use of alcohol.

56.                a defective XY chromosome pattern.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

 

53.                (p. 59) The most frequently stated cause for Down syndrome is

54.                a recessive gene.

55.                seasonal fluctuations of hormones.

56.                exposure to X-rays and pesticides.

57.                an accident in chromosome distribution.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

54.                (p. 59) The most common chromosomal abnormality that takes place in the autosomes is

55.                Klinefelter’s syndrome.

56.                Down syndrome.

57.                Turner’s syndrome.

58.                Walker syndrome.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

 

55.                (p. 59) Emanuel’s friend, Natalie, has just given birth to a child with Down syndrome. What should he tell her about the future prospects for the child?

56.                After the first three years, the child’s intellectual development will catch up with normal children.

57.                The child’s retardation will be so severe that she must place the child in an institution.

58.                Although the child will be retarded, she can learn useful skills to support herself as an adult.

59.                The child is likely to die of respiratory problems before 10 years of age.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

56.                (p. 59) Which of the following statements about persons with Down syndrome is TRUE?

57.                Most are profoundly retarded.

58.                Most have severe health problems and die before age 30.

59.                Most require total care for life.

60.                Most can function to some degree in society.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities

 

 

57.                (p. 60) A couple’s genetic counselor shows them magnified photographs of each parent’s chromosomes arranged on a chart according to size and structure. What is this chart called?

58.                Allele typing

59.                Phenotype

60.                Gamete analysis

61.                Karyotype

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic counseling and testing

 

58.                (p. 60) Of the following, the family with the LEAST need for genetic counseling is the one who

59.                already had a child with a genetic defect.

60.                has a family history of hereditary illness.

61.                has a general concern about defects.

62.                includes a parent who suffers from conditions suspected to be inherited.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.2: Describe the mechanisms of heredity in normal and abnormal human development.

Topic: Genetic counseling and testing

 

 

59.                (p. 62) A researcher compares monozygotic and dizygotic twins for their level of similarity on a trait. This researcher is attempting to determine the __________ of the trait activity levels.

60.                teratogenesis

61.                genotype

62.                karyotype

63.                heritability

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: Studying heredity and environment

 

60.                (p. 62) A statistical estimate of how much contribution heredity makes toward individual differences in a specific trait at a certain time within a given population is referred to as

61.                inheritance.

62.                heritability.

63.                heredity.

64.                genetics.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: Studying heredity and environment

 

 

61.                (p. 62) Family studies fail to rule out the extent to which environmental factors influence certain traits. To separate the effects of heredity from those of environment, researchers do

62.                twin studies.

63.                experimental studies.

64.                adoption studies.

65.                longitudinal studies.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: Studying heredity and environment

 

62.                (p. 62) Who would show more concordance for a chiefly hereditary trait?

63.                Fraternal twins

64.                Identical twins

65.                Both identical and fraternal twins

66.                Siblings who are not twins

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: Studying heredity and environment

 

 

63.                (p. 62) Although Jean-Paul’s adoptive parents are quite short, he is growing to be quite tall like his biological mother. What might we conclude about Jean-Paul’s height?

64.                It is influenced primarily by the positive environment of the adoptive family.

65.                It is influenced primarily by heredity.

66.                Nutrition did not influence his height.

67.                It is primarily a result of independent segregation.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: Studying heredity and environment

 

64.                (p. 62) Which of the following most clearly demonstrates the influence of environment?

65.                Bill, who was adopted at birth, died at the same age as his biological father.

66.                Patty, who was adopted at the age of 2, walks like her adoptive mother.

67.                Matt and Jason, identical twins who were separated at birth, are both overweight.

68.                Marie and Amy are fraternal twins who were reared apart. Marie has high blood pressure and Amy does not.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: Studying heredity and environment

 

 

65.                (p. 62) Which of the following statements about the influences of heredity and environment is correct, according to your textbook?

66.                A person’s height is determined by his or her genes.

67.                A person’s potential range of height is genetically determined, but actual height may be influenced by nutrition.

68.                The genetic upper limit or range of height can be raised by improved nutrition.

69.                Nutrition is more important than genetic limits or range.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: How heredity and environment work together

 

66.                (p. 62) Concordant rates provide researchers information concerning the _____ of a given trait.

67.                heritability

68.                genetic makeup

69.                relevance

70.                genetics

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: Studying heredity and environment

 

 

67.                (p. 62) Professor MacArthur is interested in studying the relative contribution of genetics and the environment on athletic ability. The professor is most interested in

68.                heritability.

69.                sex-linked recessive disorders.

70.                genetic mutations.

71.                canalization.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: Studying heredity and environment

 

68.                (p. 63) The fact that language development proceeds in a very standard, sequenced manner in nearly all children, suggests that language development

69.                has a broad reaction range.

70.                is highly canalized.

71.                is highly susceptible to environmental influence.

72.                is governed primarily by environmental factors.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: How heredity and environment work together

 

 

69.                (p. 63) Of the following, the child likely to exhibit the SMALLEST reaction range for the trait of intelligence is the one born with

70.                severe brain damage.

71.                mild brain damage.

72.                parents of normal intelligence.

73.                parents of extremely high intelligence.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: How heredity and environment work together

 

70.                (p. 64) A strongly canalized trait is one that

71.                is easily influenced by environmental conditions.

72.                is affected little by environmental conditions.

73.                only appears in certain situations.

74.                has a large reaction range.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: How heredity and environment work together

 

 

71.                (p. 64) Generalizing from the text, one would predict that characteristics that exhibit a ___________ degree of canalization would display a ___________ level of concordance in monozygotic twins.

72.                high; high

73.                low; high

74.                high; negative

75.                low; stable

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: How heredity and environment work together

 

72.                (p. 64) Which of the following traits would be the LEAST highly canalized in most human beings?

73.                Eye color

74.                Body shape

75.                Motor development

76.                height

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: How heredity and environment work together

 

 

73.                (p. 64) Which of the following would be considered the most highly canalized trait at birth?

74.                Sequence of motor development

75.                Tendency toward early sexual activity

76.                Antisocial behavior

77.                Language development

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: How heredity and environment work together

 

74.                (p. 64) The environment often reflects or reinforces genetic differences; that is, certain genetic and environmental influences tend to act in the same direction. This tendency is called

75.                environment-genotype covariance.

76.                genotype-environment correlation.

77.                niche-picking.

78.                shared environment.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: How heredity and environment work together

 

75.                (p. 65) Which of the following statements about environmental influences is NOT true?

76.                Children growing up in the same family have the same environment.

77.                Some individual experiences, like illness and injury, become environmental influences.

78.                Siblings are usually more different than alike.

79.                The home is the primary environment in the early years of life.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: How heredity and environment work together

 

 

76.                (p. 65) Susan and Betty are monozygotic twins, while George and Brent are dizygotic twins. If a particular trait is determined primarily by hereditary factors, what would be the relative degree of concordance in these two twin pairs?

77.                George and Brent would be more concordant than Susan and Betty.

78.                Susan and Betty would be more concordant than George and Brent.

79.                In similar environments, the two sets of twins would be equally concordant.

80.                It is not possible to determine concordance from studying twins.

 

 

 

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain how heredity and environment interact in human development.

Topic: How heredity and environment work together