A History of Europe in the Modern World 12Th Edition By Lloyd Kramer – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 03
The Atlantic World, Commerce, and Wars of Religion, 1560-1648
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (p. 103)The
period of religious wars, from 1560 to 1648, _____.
A. profited Spain
B. increased the strength of Germany
C. positioned
the English, Dutch, and French to profit from global economic changes
D. inflicted economic disaster upon the Dutch, although they eventually
recovered from the damages
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2. (p. 104)After
1492, the Atlantic Ocean became a bridge rather than a barrier for Europeans.
As a result, all of the following occurred except:
A. diseases brought from Europe depopulated the Americas.
B. Africa became involved in the transatlantic slave trade.
C. Europeans were able to trade directly with the East for the first time.
D. the
Italians expanded their trade networks.
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3. (p. 104)The
opening of the Atlantic to transoceanic travel around 1500 was made possible by
all of the following except:
A. the
Vikings’ voyages to North America.
B. improvements in shipbuilding and sail rigging.
C. the adoption of the mariner’s compass.
D. the Portuguese settlement in the Azores Islands, in the mid-Atlantic.
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4. (p. 105)Which
of the following statements is true of the oceanic voyages?
A. Europeans were the first to make long-distance ocean voyages.
B. Columbus was the first European to reach North America.
C. Travelers
from Asia had long made voyages to distant places and engaged in trade across
the Indian Ocean before Columbus voyaged to the New World.
D. The North Atlantic presented fewer hazards than the Indian or Pacific
Oceans.
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5. (p. 106)On
his second voyage to the Malabar Coast in 1502, Vasco da Gama:
A. played upon local rivalries and only managed to load his ships with the
coveted wares.
B. brought
a fighting fleet of no less than 21 vessels, and a war broke out between the
Portuguese and Arab merchants.
C. made a deal with the Arab merchants for moving the wares of China and
India by caravan over land to the markets of the eastern Mediterranean.
D. helped develop the cities along the Malabar Coast and baptized
thousands of souls in India.
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6. (p. 106)When
Columbus struck land in 1492 during his first westward voyage to the East, he
thought he had found:
A. an
outlying part of the Indies.
B. China.
C. Africa.
D. a new continent.
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7. (p. 107-108)By
1575, the Spanish and Portuguese brought more than 120,000 enslaved Africans to
their American empires because:
A. they wanted to assimilate their culture with that of the Africans.
B. of
the restrictions set by royal authorities on the exploitation of the Indian
population.
C. they wanted to replace their native labor, which faced depopulation due
to conquest and disease with African slaves.
D. of the threat of revolt from the Indian population.
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8. (p. 108)The
first expedition to circumnavigate the globe was:
A. a Spanish expedition led by Christopher Columbus.
B. a Portuguese expedition led by Vasco da Gama.
C. a
Spanish expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan.
D. an English expedition led by Sir Francis Drake.
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9. (p. 108)In a
treaty of 1494, the monarchs of the _____ peoples asserted that the globe
should be divided between them by an imaginary north-and-south line that ran
from a point in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean through the North Pole
and across eastern Asia.
A. English and French
B. Spanish and French
C. Spanish
and Portuguese
D. Spanish and English
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10.
(p. 109)In
1545, with the discovery of the prodigiously rich silver deposits at Potos’ in
Peru, _____.
A. Spain’s economy prospered and underwent an early version of the
Industrial Revolution
B. the standard of living of the inhabitants of Spanish Peru improved
tremendously
C. the
European projects of the king of Spain were financed
D. food plants introduced to the Europeans by the Indians became less
valuable than silver
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11.
(p. 109)All
of the following statements are true about Spanish colonization in the
Americas except:
A. after the initial ferocity of the conquest, the Spanish crown made
efforts to moderate the exploitation of native labor.
B. black
African slaves became more important in Spanish America than they were in the
French or English colonies.
C. the white population of Spanish America remained relatively small.
D. there was a large class of mestizos, people of mixed white and Indian
descent.
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12.
(p. 112)Why
did the English, Dutch, and French fail to begin colonization of the Americas
until more than a hundred years after the Spanish and Portuguese?
A. Their geographical position put them at a disadvantage for
transatlantic shipping.
B. Domestic
troubles and religious controversies delayed organized government action.
C. The northerners were slow to abandon their traditional trade routes
through the Mediterranean.
D. A 1494 treaty ceded the Americas and a monopoly of the trade with the
Far East to Portugal and Spain.
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13.
(p. 112)Europe’s
great economic readjustment after 1500 included:
A. rapid
population growth and a gradual rise in prices.
B. rapid population growth and economic stagnation.
C. slow population growth and a steady rise in prices.
D. slow population growth and economic stagnation.
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14.
(p. 113)The
price revolution of the sixteenth century was due to all of the following except:
A. the flow of gold and silver from the Americas to Europe.
B. the rapid rise in population.
C. the debasement of European currencies by several monarchs.
D. a
decline in the amount of land under cultivation, which caused food prices to
rise.
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15.
(p. 113-114)The
“Commercial Revolution” of the early modern period:
A. was actually slow and protracted.
B. signified the rise of a capitalistic economy.
C. signified the transition from a town-centered system to a national
economic system.
D. All
of these are correct.
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16.
(p. 114)In
the Middle Ages, the term “capital,” as in the capital owned by the master of a
workshop, referred to:
A. the master’s money.
B. the master’s house workbench, tools, and materials.
C. the
master’s money and his house workbench, tools, and materials.
D. None of these are correct.
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17.
(p. 117)The
first demands for mass production involved:
A. consumer goods.
B. military
goods.
C. luxury goods.
D. capital equipment.
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18.
(p. 116)The
domestic system employed in the early modern European economy was a:
A. system
of rural household industry.
B. system involving the widespread use of rural people as servants in
urban homes.
C. system of high tariffs to guard domestic goods against foreign
competition.
D. system where only women were involved.
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19.
(p. 117-118)All
of the following statements are true about the practice of charging interest on
loans except that:
A. it was forbidden by the church or in the canon law during the Middle
Ages.
B. it was frowned upon in the sixteenth century by most sectors of
society.
C. it was denounced by Martin Luther.
D. it
was rarely practiced in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
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20.
(p. 118)In
the sixteenth century, in the era of commercial capitalism, the key figure in
business was the:
A. industrialist.
B. producer of manufactured goods.
C. investment banker.
D. merchant.
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21.
(p. 119)The
economic policy of mercantilism favored all of the following except:
A. the development of new industries like the silk industry.
B. the employment of skilled workers from other countries.
C. the
export of unprocessed raw materials.
D. the raising of tariff barriers.
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22.
(p. 121)While
all prices rose in the sixteenth century, there was a greater increase in the
_____ sector.
A. manufacturing
B. agriculture
C. mining
D. construction
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23.
(p. 122)The
term “bourgeoisie” refers to:
A. people living in chartered towns or boroughs with certain rights.
B. the owners of capital.
C. the middle levels of society between the aristocracy and the laboring
poor.
D. All
of these are correct.
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24.
(p. 123)In
the sixteenth century, the middle class:
A. could not be distinguished from the gentry and aristocracy.
B. did not have a sense of class consciousness.
C. was
a large, indefinite category.
D. displaced the aristocracy from the highest government posts.
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25.
(p. 123)In
the sixteenth century, the mass of the population in every European country was
made up of the:
A. working
poor.
B. middle class.
C. aristocracy.
D. footloose gentry.
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26.
(p. 125)The
increasing importance of education in the sixteenth century was because of:
A. the
Reformation and the growth of commerce.
B. the Reformation alone.
C. the growth of business and commerce.
D. None of the above.
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27.
(p. 127)In
early modern times, the rural masses of much of eastern Europe:
A. lost
their personal freedoms and became serfs.
B. shared some of the prosperity of the commercial revolution.
C. were liberated from serfdom and became free peasants.
D. shared some of the prosperity of the commercial revolution and were
liberated from serfdom and became free peasants.
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28.
(p. 128)At
its height (ca. 1580), the Spanish empire of Philip II included all of the
following except:
A. Milan.
B. the Portuguese empire.
C. the Free County of Burgundy.
D. Bohemia.
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29.
(p. 128)Which
of the following did not motivate
the foreign policy of Philip II of Spain?
A. Philip’s fanatical Catholicism
B. Philip’s
desire to build up Spanish agriculture and industry
C. The need to hold back the Turkish advance
D. Philip’s wish to extend the influence of his powerful state to
Netherlands
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30.
(p. 129)The
period 1550-1650 is often referred to as Spain’s “Golden Age,” or siglo de oro, because of all of
the following except:
A. the genius of Spanish theater.
B. the brilliance of Spanish literature.
C. the greatness of its painters.
D. the
beauty of its tapestries and glassware.
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31.
(p. 132)A
revolt in the Netherlands against Philip II began over the issue of the:
A. repeal of medieval privileges enjoyed by the towns.
B. Spanish
Inquisition.
C. Lutheran doctrine.
D. symbols of popery.
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32.
(p. 135)The
Spanish Armada aimed to regain the Spanish Netherlands in 1588 by:
A. destroying the English “sea dogs.”
B. blockading the Netherlands.
C. invading
England.
D. invading the Netherlands.
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33.
(p. 136)For
England, the primary result of the sixteenth century wars with Spain was that
it:
A. became Europe’s strongest power.
B. gained
an assured national independence and acquired national spirit.
C. was forced to tolerate a Catholic minority.
D. faced bankruptcy of the English treasury, forcing the Queen to depend
on the parliament.
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34.
(p. 136)In
1609, the Netherlands were partitioned. As a consequence, _____.
A. the southern provinces became mostly Protestant while the northern ones
remained Catholic
B. the
south became Catholic and the north was mostly Protestant
C. the Austrian Habsburgs took control of the north and the French seized
the south
D. neither south nor north was dominated by either Catholics or
Protestants
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35.
(p. 137)As a
result of leading the Counter Reformation for a century, Spain experienced all
of the following except:
A. depopulation.
B. increased
national unity.
C. the growth of a class of minor aristocrats who disdained working for
wealth.
D. the weakening of productive forces of the country by inflation.
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36.
(p. 138)The
sixteenth century Wars of Religion in France:
A. were
essentially a new form of the old feudal rebellion against a higher central
authority.
B. had some political implications but were largely conflicts about
religious ideals.
C. came close to turning France into a Lutheran country.
D. All of these are correct.
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37.
(p. 139)Protestantism
in France was especially strong among the:
A. unskilled laboring masses.
B. peasantry.
C. middle classes.
D. nobility.
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38.
(p. 139-140)The
political disintegration of France in the sixteenth century was due to all of
the following except:
A. the civil wars between different regions.
B. the
conversion of a large minority to Lutheranism.
C. the succession to the throne of three weak kings.
D. the intervention of Spanish troops.
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39.
(p. 140)The
civil wars in France in the sixteenth century resembled:
A. the English civil war.
B. the American civil war.
C. a war between two regions, each of which tried to create its own government.
D. a
war of roving bands of armed men.
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40.
(p. 140)In
the context of the civil and religious wars in France, which of the following
is true of the politiques?
A. They believed that religion should play a large role in political life.
B. They believed that the government should adopt Protestantism.
C. They
believed that France’s first priority should be civil order.
D. They believed that France needed some form of a written constitution.
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41.
(p. 142)The
Edict of Nantes, issued by the French king Henry IV in 1598, promised that:
A. Protestants will have better chances for public office when compared
with Catholics.
B. Protestants
will enjoy the same civil rights as Catholics.
C. all religious groups, including Jews and Muslims, will enjoy equal
rights as Catholics.
D. Roman Catholicism will be practiced as the state religion.
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42.
(p. 145)Which
of the following is true of the Thirty Years’ War?
A. It
was a German civil war fought over the Catholic-Protestant issue.
B. It was a war that began in Sweden, and it was between Sweden and the
Habsburgs.
C. It was a French civil war fought between member states to attain
independence.
D. It was a German civil war fought mainly over the issue of poverty.
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43.
(p. 147)The
stunning Swedish victories during the Thirty Years’ War were partly due to:
A. the
development of the mobile cannon.
B. the brilliant generalship of Oxenstierna.
C. the generous financial assistance of England.
D. the great manpower resources of the new Swedish empire.
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44.
(p. 150)Which
of the following statements is true of the Peace of Westphalia?
A. It
represented a general checkmate to the Catholic Counter Reformation in Germany.
B. It strengthened the Holy Roman Empire.
C. It represented a complete victory for the Catholic Church.
D. It eliminated Calvinism in northern Europe, making only Lutheranism and
Catholicism acceptable faiths.
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Essay Questions
45.
How did the opening of the Atlantic and explorations in the
fifteenth and sixteenth centuries stimulate the commercial revolution?
Answers will vary.
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46.
Discuss Spain’s “Golden Age” with respect to politics,
economics, and culture. What factors contributed to Spain’s greatness? What
caused its decline?
Answers will vary.
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47.
How, after decades of civil war, was prosperity and stability
restored to France between 1590 and 1640?
Answers will vary.
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48.
What led to the decline of Germany relative to the states of
western Europe before 1650?
Answers will vary.
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49.
How important were nationalist feelings as compared to religious
and feudal loyalties in the Thirty Years’ War and the revolt of the
Netherlands?
Answers will vary.
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50.
In what ways did the period stretching from 1560 to 1648 mark
Europe’s transition from feudalism to the modern age? Consider changes in
social structures in your response.
Answers will vary.
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Consider the map European Discoveries, 1450-1600, on page 105.
51.
Which technological advancements allowed Europeans to explore
much of the globe?
Answers will vary.
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52.
What did Europeans gain through their explorations?
Answers will vary.
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Consider the map the Low Countries, 1648, on page 134.
53.
In 1648, to what degree did the political boundaries of the Low
Countries coincide with differences of language and religion?
Answers will vary.
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Consider the map Europe, 1648, on pages 148-149.
54.
How did the Peace of Westphalia halt German unification and curb
the imperial aspirations of the Austrian Habsburgs?
Answers will vary.
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55.
How does this map demonstrate the emergence of the modern system
of sovereign states? What were the implications of that system for European
politics?
Answers will vary.
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Short Answer Questions
56.
Why and how did the Portuguese establish a trading empire before
the other European powers?
Answers will vary.
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57.
What role did African slavery play in European domination of the
Americas?
Answers will vary.
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58.
How did commerce and production change in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries?
Answers will vary.
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59.
What were the policies and goals of mercantilism? How did those
policies and goals relate to European expansion overseas?
Answers will vary.
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60.
How did education change in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries?
Answers will vary.
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