American Corrections 11th Edition by Todd R. Clear – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Chapter_3_The_History_of_Corrections_in_America

 

True / False

 

1. ​The Pennsylvania System focused on the isolation of inmates and serving penance.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

2. ​English trends and practices greatly influenced American corrections.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

The Colonial Period

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

3. ​The Auburn System focused on a congregate system of operations.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

4. ​Social and political values greatly influence correctional thought and practices.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary
The Development of Prisons in the South and West

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

5. ​The positivist school looked to free will and rational thought as the reason for crime.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

False

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

6. ​The original penitentiary relied on penance and contemplation as the means for the criminal offender to move from sin toward perfection.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

7. ​Within 40 years of their initiation, penitentiaries had become overcrowded, understaffed, and minimally financed.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

8. ​Correctional practices, especially the use of the penitentiary, developed similarly across the United States.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

False

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary
The Development of Prisons in the South and West

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

9. ​Corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be treated is known as the crime control model.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

False

REFERENCES:  

The Crime Control Model: The Pendulum Swings Again

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

10. ​The ideas of inmate classification, parole, and rehabilitative programs were first created and put into practice at the Elmira Reformatory for boys.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

11. ​Convict labor for profit became an essential part of the Pennsylvania penitentiary system throughout the early 1800s.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

False

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

12. ​The infamous Attica Prison Riot that took place in September 1971 at New York State’s Attica Correctional Facility aided and inspired the move toward a community corrections model.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

From Medical Model to Community Model

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

13. ​Not until the 1960s were there serious attempts made to implement the ideas of the medical model of corrections in the United States.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

False

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Medical Model

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

14. ​Incarceration, in the tradition of the early English workhouse, developed in the immediate aftermath of the American Revolutionary War.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

15. ​Until the early 1900s, Americans followed the European practice of relying on brutal forms of corporal punishment.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

False

REFERENCES:  

The Colonial Period

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

16. ​The Progressives thought it necessary to know the life history of each offender in order to devise an appropriate treatment plan for that specific individual.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

Multiple Choice

 

17. ​The country that gave the world its first penitentiary is:

 

a.

​England.

 

b.

​France.

 

c.

​Egypt.

 

d.

​the United States.

 

ANSWER:  

d

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

18. ​In New England, the Puritans maintained a society governed by what type of principles?

 

a.

​legalistic

 

b.

​religious

 

c.

​socialist

 

d.

​capitalist

 

ANSWER:  

b

REFERENCES:  

The Colonial Period

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

19. ​The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement?

 

a.

​Potomac, Maryland

 

b.

​Auburn, New York

 

c.

​Trenton, New Jersey

 

d.

​Cherry Hill, Pennsylvania

 

ANSWER:  

d

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

20. ​Many ideas that arose from the Enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by:

 

a.

​human nature.

 

b.

​forces in the environment.

 

c.

​biology.

 

d.

​sin.

 

ANSWER:  

b

REFERENCES:  

The Reformatory Movement

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

21. ​The       was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each inmate was held in isolation from other inmates.

 

a.

​congregate system

 

b.

​assemble system

 

c.

​separate confinement system

 

d.

​segregated confinement system

 

ANSWER:  

c

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

22. ​The “congregate” system of prison discipline was first instituted at the:

 

a.

​Walnut Street Jail.

 

b.

​Sing Sing Penitentiary.

 

c.

​Eastern Penitentiary.

 

d.

​Auburn Penitentiary.

 

ANSWER:  

d

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

23. ​The first institution to embody the principles of the Cincinnati Prison Congress was:

 

a.

​Sing Sing Prison.

 

b.

​Auburn State Penitentiary

 

c.

​Elmira Reformatory.

 

d.

​Cincinnati City Prison.

 

ANSWER:  

c

REFERENCES:  

The Reformatory Movement

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

24. ​With the rise of the medical model, the emphasis in corrections shifted to:

 

a.

​vocational programs for criminals.

 

b.

​educational programs for offenders.

 

c.

​the treatment and diagnosis of criminals.

 

d.

​work release programs for criminals.

 

ANSWER:  

c

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Medical Model

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

25. ​Between 1790 and 1830, the population in urban America:

 

a.

​sharply declined.

 

b.

​sharply increased.

 

c.

​remained unchanged.

 

d.

​none of the above.

 

ANSWER:  

b

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

26. ​During the colonial period most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from ___________ and adapted to local conditions.

 

a.

​Italy

 

b.

​England

 

c.

​Germany

 

d.

​France

 

ANSWER:  

b

REFERENCES:  

The Colonial Period

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

27. ​Separate confinement was first implemented in:

 

a.

​Eastern State Penitentiary.

 

b.

​Western State Penitentiary.

 

c.

​Auburn Penitentiary.

 

d.

​Walnut Street Jail.

 

ANSWER:  

d

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

28. ​The penitentiary was to be a place where:

 

a.

​offenders were isolated from bad influences in society.

 

b.

​offenders were isolated from one another.

 

c.

​offenders could reflect on their misdeeds.

 

d.

​all of these

 

ANSWER:  

d

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

29. ​The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the ____________ system of corrections.

 

a.

​the congregate

 

b.

​inmate labor

 

c.

​the separate confinement

 

d.

​contract-lease

 

ANSWER:  

c

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

30. ​The medical model of corrections began to be implemented during the:

 

a.

​1890s.

 

b.

​1920s.

 

c.

​1930s.

 

d.

​1960s.

 

ANSWER:  

c

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Medical Model

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

31. ​In regard to the convict lease system, prisoners were:

 

a.

​used only for prison maintenance .

 

b.

​used for non-profit labor purposes.

 

c.

​used for labor for profit by private interests.

 

d.

​confined to work in their cells performing meaningless tasks.

 

ANSWER:  

c

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

32. ​During the Progressive Reform Era, two main correctional strategies were implemented. They included improving conditions in social environments and:

 

a.

​feeding inmates a more nutritious diet.

 

b.

​ensuring prisoners were not in solitude.

 

c.

​reintegrating inmates into society.

 

d.

​rehabilitating individual offenders.

 

ANSWER:  

d

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

33. ​The _________________ refers to an institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation.

 

a.

​panopticon

 

b.

​jail

 

c.

​reformatory

 

d.

​penitentiary

 

ANSWER:  

d

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

34. ​Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives?

 

a.

​probation

 

b.

​determinate sentencing

 

c.

​parole

 

d.

​indeterminate sentencing

 

ANSWER:  

b

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

35. ​The       approach to criminology is based on the assumption that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior.

 

a.

​Classical School

 

b.

​Positivist School

 

c.

​Progressive School

 

d.

​Neoclassical School

 

ANSWER:  

b

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

36. ​The       was an institution for young offenders that emphasized training, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole.

 

a.

​penitentiary

 

b.

​jail

 

c.

​juvenile detention center

 

d.

​reformatory

 

ANSWER:  

d

REFERENCES:  

The Reformatory Movement

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

37. ​The leasing of convicts to private entrepreneurs first took hold in the:

 

a.

​North.

 

b.

​West.

 

c.

​South.

 

d.

​East.

 

ANSWER:  

c

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

38. ​Eastern State Penitentiary was designed by:

 

a.

​John Howard.

 

b.

​John Haviland.

 

c.

​Jeremy Bentham.

 

d.

​Cesare Lombroso.

 

ANSWER:  

b

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

39. ​By the mid-1800s, reformers became disillusioned with the _____________ since rehabilitation or deterrence was not being realized.

 

a.

​parole system

 

b.

​contract-lease system

 

c.

​penitentiary

 

d.

​mark system

 

ANSWER:  

c

REFERENCES:  

The Reformatory Movement

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

40. ​______________________ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated confinement in England, which called for an inmate to obtain marks toward early release.

 

a.

​John Howard

 

b.

​Sir Walter Crofton

 

c.

​Jeremy Bentham

 

d.

​Alexander Maconochie

 

ANSWER:  

d

REFERENCES:  

The Reformatory Movement

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

41. ​According to community-based corrections, the goal of the criminal justice system is to:

 

a.

​punish the offender.

 

b.

​reintegrate the offender.

 

c.

​focus on the victim.

 

d.

​achieve justice.

 

ANSWER:  

b

REFERENCES:  

From Medical Model to Community Model

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

42. ​According to the _____________________ model of corrections, criminals can be controlled appropriately through more direct use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision.

 

a.

​due process

 

b.

​crime control

 

c.

​medical

 

d.

​reformatory

 

ANSWER:  

b

REFERENCES:  

The Crime Control Model: The Pendulum Swings Again

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

43. ​Beginning in the 1930s, reformers put forward the _____________ model of corrections, which viewed criminal behavior as caused by psychological or biological deficiencies.

 

a.

​medical

 

b.

​due process

 

c.

​community

 

d.

​crime control

 

ANSWER:  

a

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Medical Model

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

44. ​Although the idea of ______________ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States.

 

a.

​work-release

 

b.

​probation

 

c.

​parole

 

d.

​determinate sentencing

 

ANSWER:  

c

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

45. ​_________________ is an alternative to incarceration which allows offenders to be treated in the community under supervised conditions.

 

a.

​Parole

 

b.

​Probation

 

c.

​Contract-lease

 

d.

​Determinate sentencing

 

ANSWER:  

b

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

46. ​The reformatory movement emphasized education and __________________ , and on the basis of an inmate’s successful participation in both could conceivably earn him/her early release.

 

a.

​training

 

b.

​religion

 

c.

​treatment

 

d.

​penance

 

ANSWER:  

a

REFERENCES:  

The Reformatory Movement

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

47. ​_______________________was commissioned the first Warden of the Auburn State Penitentiary in New York in 1821; he instituted a system that called for the inmates to adhere to strict discipline and to wear pinstripes and to walk in lockstep.

 

a.

​Zebulon Brockway

 

b.

​Elam Lynds

 

c.

​John Haviland

 

d.

​Sanford Bates

 

ANSWER:  

b

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

Numeric Response

 

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.

a. Designed for young offenders

b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor

c. Treatment is required for offenders

d. Done by inmate labor

e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor

f. Reintegration is the goal

g. Developed in Auburn, NY

h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior

i.  Isolates prisoners from society

j. Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime

 

48. ​Lease system

ANSWER:  

e

REFERENCES:  

See key terms throughout chapter.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

49. ​Positivist school

ANSWER:  

​i

REFERENCES:  

See key terms throughout chapter.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

50. ​Congregate system

ANSWER:  

g​

REFERENCES:  

See key terms throughout chapter.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

51. ​Contract labor system

ANSWER:  

d​

REFERENCES:  

See key terms throughout chapter.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

52. ​Mark system

ANSWER:  

​b

REFERENCES:  

See key terms throughout chapter.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

53. ​Penitentiary

ANSWER:  

​i

REFERENCES:  

See key terms throughout chapter.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

54. ​Reformatory

ANSWER:  

​a

REFERENCES:  

See key terms throughout chapter.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

55. ​Community corrections

ANSWER:  

f​

REFERENCES:  

See key terms throughout chapter.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

56. ​Crime control model

ANSWER:  

h​

REFERENCES:  

See key terms throughout chapter.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

57. ​Medical model

ANSWER:  

​c

REFERENCES:  

See key terms throughout chapter.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

Completion

 

58. ​An institution intended to isolate offenders from society and one another so they could reflect on their misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation is called a           .

ANSWER:  

penitentiary

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

59. ​The ______________ were a group that looked to the social, economic, biological, and psychological rather than religious or moral explanations for the causes of crime.

ANSWER:  

Progressives

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

60. ​The first two decades of the 1900s, referred to as ______________, set the dominant tone for U.S. social thought and political action through the 1960s.

ANSWER:  

Age of Reform

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

61. ​After the Civil War, southern legislatures passed the             , harsh laws designed to control newly freed African Americans.

ANSWER:  

Black Codes

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

62. ​The medical model of corrections is based on the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by social, psychological, or biological deficiencies that require             .

ANSWER:  

treatment

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Medical Model

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

63. ​Progressives implemented probation,             , and parole throughout the United States.

ANSWER:  

indeterminate sentences

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

64. ​Progressives wanted to know the ______________ of an offender so that they could devise an individualized treatment program.

ANSWER:  

life history

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

65. ​The first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons upon authorization by Congress in 1929 was
            .

ANSWER:  

Sanford Bates

REFERENCES:  

The Rise of the Medical Model

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

66. ​The 1980s in corrections centered on crime control through               and risk containment.

ANSWER:  

incarceration

REFERENCES:  

The Crime Control Model: The Pendulum Swings Again

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

67. ​The social and political climate of the 1960s gave rise to a     model of corrections.

ANSWER:  

crime control

REFERENCES:  

The Crime Control Model: The Pendulum Swings Again

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

68. ​A _________________ is an institution that is created for young offenders that emphasizes education and training, a mark system of classification, parole, and indeterminate sentences.

ANSWER:  

reformatory

REFERENCES:  

The Reformatory Movement

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

69. ​In 1682, with the arrival of William Penn, Pennsylvania adopted the “___________,” which was based on humane Quaker principles and emphasized hard labor in a house of correction as punishment for most crimes.

ANSWER:  

Great Law

REFERENCES:  

The Colonial Period

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

70. ​Although conceptualized by early English reformers, the penitentiary first appeared in the United States in the city of ____________, when part of the Walnut Street Jail was converted to allow for separate confinement.

ANSWER:  

Philadelphia

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

71. ​The opening of Eastern State Penitentiary in 1829 marked the full development and implementation of the _______________ system.

ANSWER:  

separate confinement

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

72. ​The _________________ penitentiary system of incarceration called for inmates to be held in isolation at night but to work with other inmates during the day under a rule of silence.

ANSWER:  

congregate

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

73. ​The congregate penitentiary system was more concerned with instilling good work habits to prevent a relapse into crime than with ________________ an offender’s character.

ANSWER:  

rehabilitating

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

74. ​Immediately following the Civil War, the ______________ system of corrections permitted inmates to be loaned to private contractors who provided prisoners food and clothing in exchange for their labor.

ANSWER:  

lease

REFERENCES:  

The Development of Prisons in the South and West

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

Essay

 

75. ​Discuss the importance that the state of Pennsylvania played within the correctional system. What impact if any does it still have on our correctional institutions today?

ANSWER:  

​Answers will vary.

REFERENCES:  

The Colonial Period and The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Understand

 

76. ​The nature and practices of corrections relate to environment. What kinds of conditions were prevalent in the South after the Civil War and how did this landscape affect corrections? Was anything unique or distinct in this region?

ANSWER:  

​Answers will vary.

REFERENCES:  

The Development of Prisons in the South and West

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Understand

 

77. ​Discuss the historical development of parole and indeterminate sentencing. Does either have a place in the current correctional climate or would we be better off to abolish them? Defend your answer.

ANSWER:  

​Answers will vary.

REFERENCES:  

The Reformatory Movement

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Understand

 

78. Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania system to the New York system of corrections. Discuss the pros and cons of each. Are any of the concepts still used in prisons today? If so how, and if not, why not?​

ANSWER:  

​Answers will vary.

REFERENCES:  

The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Understand

 

Chapter_5_The_Law_of_Corrections

 

True / False

 

1. ​Since the inception of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, it has become more difficult for prisoners to file civil rights law suits.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

False

REFERENCES:  

Correctional Law and the U.S. Supreme Court

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.05.01 – Discuss the foundations that support the legal rights of prisoners.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

2. ​The right of habeas corpus for alleged terrorist detainees has been an important issue since 9/11.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

Correctional Law and the U.S. Supreme Court

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.05.02 – Explain the role of the U.S. Supreme Court in interpreting correctional law.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

3. ​Individual states do not have their own constitutions.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

False

REFERENCES:  

The Foundations of Correctional Law

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.05.01 – Discuss the foundations that support the legal rights of prisoners.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

4. ​Experience has shown that successful lawsuits filed under Section 1983 have had a major impact for the grieving prisoner.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

False

REFERENCES:  

Constitutional Rights of Prisoners

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.05.03 – Understand the constitutional rights of prisoners.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

5. ​By the end of the 1970s, federal judges had imposed changes on prisons and jails in every state.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

Correctional Law and the U.S. Supreme Court

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.05.02 – Explain the role of the U.S. Supreme Court in interpreting correctional law.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

6. ​Like inmates in correctional facilities, convicted offenders in the community also have rights.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

Law and Community Corrections

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.05.05 – Explain the rights of offenders under community supervision.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

7. ​Prisoners have always had constitutional rights.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

False

REFERENCES:  

Correctional Law and the U.S. Supreme Court

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.05.02 – Explain the role of the U.S. Supreme Court in interpreting correctional law.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

8. ​In Rhodes v. Chapman, the court required inmates to prove Eighth Amendment violations through showing the punishment was unnecessary.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

Constitutional Right of Prisoners

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.05.03 – Understand the constitutional rights of prisoners.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

9. ​The case of Wolff v. McDonnell showed that the court was extending the due process rights for prisoners in certain aspects.

 

a.

True

 

b.

False

 

ANSWER:  

True

REFERENCES:  

Correctional Law and the U.S. Supreme Court

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  

ACOR.CLEA.16.05.01 – Discuss the foundations that support the legal rights of prisoners.

KEYWORDS:  

Bloom’s: Remember

 

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