An Introduction to Psychology, International Edition 4Th Edition by Jeffrey Nevid – Test Bank
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Sample Test
CHAPTER 3
Sensation and Perception
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The
process by which we receive, transform, and process stimuli is:
2. a)
3. b)
4. c)
5. d)
6. e)
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: factual
KEY: Identify
2. In
contrast to sensation, perception involves:
3. a)
converting external stimulation intro signals the brain can use.
4. b) channeling
sensory information to the appropriate part of the brain for processing.
5. c)
converting sensory information into meaningful representations of the world.
6. d)
transforming information from the sensory organs to the brain.
7. e)
converting external stimulation into action potential.
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 1-Explain the difference between sensation and
perception.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
3. In
the process of perception, the brain:
4. a)
senses the presence of objects in the world.
5. b)
produces experiences of vision, hearing, and so on.
6. c)
forms meaningful impressions by integrating sensory information.
7. d)
transforms sensory signals into sensations.
8. e)
converts external stimulation into neural signals.
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 1-Explain the difference between sensation and perception.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
4. In
the process of sensation, the brain:
5. a)
makes sense of external stimulation.
6. b)
assembles information from various sensory organs into meaningful patterns.
7. c)
forms meaningful representations of sensory information.
8. d)
transforms sensory stimuli into sensations.
9. e)
interprets the meaning of sensory data.
ANS: d TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 1-Explain the difference between sensation and
perception.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
5. The
process of sensation enables us to _________, where the process of perception
enables us _________.
6. a)
sense the world around us; make sense of the world around us
7. b)
make sense of the world around us; sense the world around us
8. c)
form meaningful representations of sensory information; experience the rich
tapestry of colors and sounds
9. d)
transform sensory signals into sensations; convert external stimulation into
neural signals
10.
e) convert external stimulation into neural signals; transforms
sensory signals into sensations
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC:
conceptual OBJ: 1-Explain the difference between
sensation and perception.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
NOT: WWW
6. Psychophysics
began with the work of which nineteenth-century German scientist(s)?
7. a)
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel
8. b)
Hermann von Helmholtz and Ewald Hering
9. c)
Wilhelm Wundt
10.
d) Ernst Weber
11.
e) Gustav Fechner
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: factual
KEY: Identify
7. Graduate
student Shalanda Huffman studies how physical sources of stimulation relate to
the physical experience of these stimuli. Huffman’s field of study is called:
8. a)
subliminal perception.
9. b)
10.
c)
11.
d)
12.
e) sensory adaptation.
ANS: d
TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: applied
OBJ: 3-Define
psychophysics.
KEY: Define/Describe, Apply
8. Psychophysics
is defined as the study of:
9. a)
the relationship between the characteristics of external stimuli and
sensations.
10.
b) human perception.
11.
c) the relationship between physics and psychology.
12.
d) perceptual disorders.
13.
e) sensory disorders.
ANS:
a
TOP: MOD: 3.1 REF: Sensing Our World:
Basic Concepts of Sensation
MSC:
factual OBJ:
3-Define
psychophysics.
KEY: Define/Describe NOT: WWW
9. A
psychologist, Dr. Rhonda Somblay, conducts studies of psychophysics. She is
most likely studying:
10.
a) how the intensity of a stimulus affects sensations.
11.
b) how the brain pieces together sensory data to form meaningful
perceptions.
12.
c) how stimuli are converted by sensory receptors into neural
signals.
13.
d) the relationship between psychology and physics.
14.
e) the process of sensory adaptation.
ANS: a
TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation
MSC: applied OBJ: 3-Define
psychophysics
KEY: Define/Describe, Apply
10.
Dr. Andrew Lee is conducting an experiment to determine how
different intensities of light affect the sensations these stimuli produce. The
field of study he is exploring is called:
11.
a) psychomotor processing.
12.
b)
13.
c)
14.
d)
15.
e) psychological adaptation.
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: applied
KEY: Identify, Apply
11.
An absolute threshold is:
12.
a) the smallest amount of a stimulus that a person can reliably
detect.
13.
b) the maximum amount of a stimulus a person can tolerate.
14.
c) the amount a stimulus must change for a person to detect a
difference.
15.
d) an amount of a stimulus so small, it is unable to be
perceived.
16.
e) an amount of a stimulus beyond what a person can tolerate.
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: factual
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Define/Describe
12.
Regarding the absolute and difference thresholds, which of the
following statements is FALSE?
13.
a) The amount a stimulus must change to detect a difference is
given by a constant proportion of the original stimulus.
14.
b) Just-noticeable difference is another term for difference
threshold.
15.
c) People differ in their absolute thresholds.
16.
d) People are more sensitive to changes in pitch than to changes
in volume.
17.
e) The difference threshold is the same for each of the senses.
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
13.
Which of the following absolute thresholds for taste is CORRECT?
14.
a) Detecting a gram of salt dissolved in five gallons of water
15.
b) Detecting a difference in tastes between two spots on the
tongue, one-eighth of an inch apart
16.
c) Detecting one teaspoon of sugar dissolved in two gallons of
water
17.
d) Detecting a teaspoon of vinegar mixed in with two gallons of
water
18.
e) Detecting the sweetness of a fruit while blindfolded
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: applied
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Apply, Evaluate/Explain
NOT: WWW
14.
Weber’s law suggests that difference thresholds:
15.
a) vary according to the individual.
16.
b) are a constant proportion of the original stimulus.
17.
c) are a constant quantity.
18.
d) decrease as stimuli increase.
19.
e) increase as stimuli decrease.
ANS: b TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: factual
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Define/Describe
15.
Difference thresholds are determined by a constant fraction of
the magnitude of the original stimulus. This is the premise of:
16.
a) Weber’s law.
17.
b) selective attention theory.
18.
c) Gestalt laws of perceptual organization.
19.
d) signal-detection theory.
20.
e) the volley principle.
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: factual
KEY: Identify
16.
Hans and Franz lift weights at their local gym. When their
trainer adds a two-pound weight to Hans’s normal fifty-pound load, Hans
immediately notices. However, when the same two-pound weight is added to
Franz’s normal two-hundred-pound load, he isn’t aware of the extra weight. The
difference in Hans’s and Franz’s experience is consistent with:
17.
a) absolute threshold theory.
18.
b) difference threshold theory.
19.
c) Weber’s Law.
20.
d) signal-detection theory.
21.
e) Gestalt laws of perceptual organization.
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: applied
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Define/Describe, Apply
17.
The difference threshold is:
18.
a) the difference between an amount of stimulus too small to
detect and an amount of stimulus too great to tolerate
19.
b) the minimal difference between two stimuli that people can
reliably detect.
20.
c) the difference in how any two people tolerate a stimulus.
21.
d) the difference in how any two people are able to detect a
minimal amount of a stimulus.
22.
e) the phenomenon that everyone has a different threshold for a
given stimulus.
ANS: b TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: factual
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Define/Describe
18.
Weber’s constant for the volume of sound is 1/10. A car alarm is
sounding off at 60 decibels. After five minutes, it is programmed to get
louder. How loud does it have to be for people to perceive it as louder?
19.
a) At least 61 decibels
20.
b) At least 62 decibels
21.
c) At least 65 decibels
22.
d) At least 66 decibels
23.
e) At least 70 decibels
ANS: d TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: applied
KEY: Evaluate/Explain, Apply
19.
“Make the TV louder,” said Paula. “I did,” said Jack, pointing
at the remote. “Doesn’t sound louder to me,” said Paula. “Does to me,” said
Jack. Jack is failing to consider the discrepancy between his ______ and
Paula’s.
20.
a) Weber’s constant
21.
b) subliminal difference
22.
c) difference threshold
23.
d) absolute threshold
24.
e) absolute difference
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: applied
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain, Apply
20.
According to Weber’s Law, a person would be MOST sensitive to
changes in which sensation?
21.
a) Loudness of sounds
22.
b) Heaviness of weight
23.
c) Saltiness of food
24.
d) Brightness of lights
25.
e) Pitch of sounds
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory adaptation.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
21.
A recipe requires ten grams of salt. According to Weber’s
constant for saltiness, which is 1/5, how much more salt must a chef add to
make the recipe noticeably saltier?
22.
a) 2 gram
23.
b) 2 grams
24.
c) 5 grams
25.
d) 2 grams
26.
e) 5 grams
ANS: b TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: applied
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain, Apply
22.
The idea that the threshold for sensing a stimulus depends not
only on the properties of the stimulus itself, but also on the level of
background stimulation and characteristics of the perceiver, is explained by:
23.
a) Weber’s law.
24.
b) the volley principle.
25.
c) opponent-process theory.
26.
d) signal-detection theory.
27.
e) sensory adaptation.
ANS: d TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Identify, Define/Describe
23.
Which of the following is a psychological factor that influences
a person’s threshold for determining a signal?
24.
a) The sensitivity of her visual system
25.
b) Her level of fatigue
26.
c) Her physical health
27.
d) Her level of alertness
28.
e) Her level of motivation
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
24.
If you are expecting a telephone call, you may be more likely to
notice the telephone ringing while you are in the shower than if you were not
expecting a call. This example is an illustration of:
25.
a) signal-detection theory.
26.
b) Weber’s law.
27.
c) sensory adaptation.
28.
d) opponent-process theory.
29.
e) dual-process theory.
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: applied
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain, Apply
25.
Sensory adaptation occurs when:
26.
a) sensory systems become more sensitive to unchanging stimuli.
27.
b) sensory systems become more sensitive to a stimulus as it
changes.
28.
c) sensory systems become less sensitive to unchanging stimuli.
29.
d) sensory systems become less sensitive to a stimulus as it
changes.
30.
e) sensory systems become less efficient in processing stimuli.
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: factual
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Define/Describe
26.
Other factors being equal, which sensory stimulus is LEAST
likely to lead to sensory adaptation?
27.
a) The wail of a loud car alarm
28.
b) The sound of a grandfather clock ticking
29.
c) The intense odors of a cattle farm
30.
d) The pressure of wearing a new bracelet on one’s wrist
31.
e) The temperature of water when one enters a pool
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
NOT: WWW
27.
Repeated exposure to the same stimulus ______ leads to _____
sensitivity in our sensory systems.
28.
a) always; reduced
29.
b) always; no change in
30.
c) sometimes; reduced
31.
d) sometimes; no change in
32.
e) sometimes; reduced or no change in
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
28.
When Harold first enters his swimming pool, the water feels
uncomfortably cold. Five minutes later, it feels comfortable to him. This is an
example of:
29.
a)
30.
b) sensory adaptation.
31.
c) selective attention.
32.
d)
33.
e) just-noticeable difference.
ANS: b TOP: MOD:
3.1 REF: Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts
of Sensation MSC: applied
OBJ: 2-Define/describe/explain: absolute thresholds and
difference thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory
adaptation.
KEY: Apply, Define/Describe
29.
Regarding light and vision, which of the following statements is
FALSE?
30.
a) Light is physical energy in the form of electromagnetic
radiation.
31.
b) The visible spectrum that humans perceive represents only a
small portion of the full spectrum of “light.”
32.
c) Human vision perceives wavelengths of light between
approximately 300 and 750 nanometers.
33.
d) X-rays, ultraviolet waves, and radio waves are portions of
the electromagnetic radiation spectrum that humans cannot “see.”
34.
e) Of the colors, red has the shortest wavelength.
ANS: e TOP: MOD: 3.2
REF: Vision: Seeing the Light MSC:
conceptual KEY: Evaluate/Explain
30.
A foreign object has entered Kiara’s eye, leaving a scratch on
the transparent covering of her eye’s surface. The part of Kiara’s eye that is
affected is her:
31.
a)
32.
b)
33.
c)
34.
d)
35.
e)
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: applied
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work. KEY: Identify, Apply
31.
Accommodation is the visual process by which:
32.
a) light comes in contact with the photoreceptors.
33.
b) the iris expands or contracts to determine the amount of
light that enters the eye.
34.
c) light enters the cornea and passes through the pupil and
lens.
35.
d) the lens changes its shape to focus images more clearly on
the retina.
36.
e) the rods and cones convert light into neural signals.
ANS: d TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work. KEY: Evaluate/Explain
32.
Dr. Rhoden conducts animal experiments on visual perception.
Rhoden wants to stop the animal’s pupil from changing size, so he paralyzes
the:
33.
a)
34.
b)
35.
c)
36.
d)
37.
e)
ANS: b TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: applied
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work. KEY: Identify, Apply
NOT: WWW
33.
Which part of the eye gives a person his/her eye color?
34.
a) Cornea
35.
b) Iris
36.
c) Pupil
37.
d) Fovea
38.
e) Retina
ANS: b TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: factual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work. KEY: Identify
34.
Which of the following describes the pupil?
35.
a) An opening through which light enters the eye
36.
b) A part of the eye that adjusts its shape to view objects at
varying distances
37.
c) A transparent covering at the front of the eye
38.
d) A part of the eye that contains the photoreceptors
39.
e) A structure responsible for peripheral vision
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC:
factual
KEY: Define/Describe
35.
The part of the eye that changes shape to adjust for an object’s
distance is the:
36.
a)
37.
b)
38.
c)
39.
d)
40.
e)
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: factual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work. KEY: Identify
36.
To see a dimly lit object at night, the image must fall on your:
37.
a)
38.
b) blind spot.
39.
c)
40.
d)
41.
e) optic nerve.
ANS: d TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: factual
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they
do. KEY: Identify
37.
All of the following are true of cones EXCEPT that:
38.
a) they are responsible for peripheral vision.
39.
b) they provide color vision.
40.
c) they allow discernment of fine details in bright light.
41.
d) they are less sensitive to light than are rods.
42.
e) there are fewer cones than rods in the human eye.
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they do.
KEY: Evaluate/Explain,
Define/Describe NOT: WWW
38.
In vision, the photoreceptors are called:
39.
a) ganglion cells.
40.
b) hair-cell receptors.
41.
c) bipolar cells.
42.
d) optic nerves.
43.
e) rods and cones.
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: factual
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they
do. KEY: Identify
39.
In the human eye, rods enable us to _________ and cones enable
us to _____________.
40.
a) detect colors; have peripheral vision
41.
b) detect colors; see in dim light
42.
c) see in dim light; detect colors
43.
d) see in dim light; have peripheral vision
44.
e) discern fine details of objects; have peripheral vision
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: factual
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they
do. KEY: Define/Describe
40.
Some birds must return to roost as darkness approaches. This is
because their eyes contain:
41.
a) cones, but no rods.
42.
b) rods, but no cones.
43.
c) too many cones.
44.
d) too many rods.
45.
e) no rods or cones
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: applied
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they
do. KEY: Define/Describe, Apply
41.
__________ cells are neurons in the back of the eye that
transmit visual information to the brain in response to light stimulation.
42.
a) Bipolar
43.
b) Optic
44.
c) Foveal
45.
d) Retinal
46.
e) Ganglion
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: factual
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they
do. KEY: Identify NOT: WWW
42.
The optic nerve consists of the axons of the ________ cells and
exits the eye in the ________.
43.
a) bipolar; fovea
44.
b) bipolar; blind spot
45.
c) ganglion; fovea
46.
d) ganglion; blind spot
47.
e) optic; blind spot
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: factual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work. KEY: Identify
43.
Which of the following is TRUE of the blind spot?
44.
a) It contains rods but not cones.
45.
b) It contains cones but not rods.
46.
c) It contains both rods and cones.
47.
d) It is the part of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the
eye.
48.
e) It is the part of the retina where light is converted into
neural signals.
ANS: d TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work. KEY: Evaluate/Explain
44.
For the sharpest vision, the image of an object should be
focused on the:
45.
a)
46.
b)
47.
c) optic chiasm.
48.
d) optic nerve.
49.
e)
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC: factual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our senses
work. KEY: Identify
45.
Who won the Nobel Prize for discovering that the visual cortex
contains nerve cells that respond only to lines with particular orientations?
46.
a) Ewald Hering
47.
b) Hermann von Helmholtz and Thomas Young
48.
c) Ernst Weber
49.
d) Gustav Theodor Fechner
50.
e) David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC:
factual KEY: Identify
46.
What are the neurons that respond to specific characteristics of
the visual stimulus called?
47.
a) Photoreceptors
48.
b) Ganglion cells
49.
c) Bipolar cells
50.
d) Optic neurons
51.
e) Feature detectors
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light MSC:
factual
KEY: Identify
47.
The role of feature detectors is to:
48.
a) respond to specific objects such as a house.
49.
b) detect color stimuli.
50.
c) detect black and white stimuli.
51.
d) respond to very simple stimuli such as a horizontal line.
52.
e) regulate the size of the pupil.
ANS: d TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light
MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work. KEY: Evaluate/Explain
NOT: WWW
48.
Trichromatic theory suggests that:
49.
a) the retina has one type of color receptor that responds
differently to each color.
50.
b) the retina has two types of color receptors that respond in a
different manner for each color.
51.
c) the retina has three types of color receptors—red, green, and
blue-violet.
52.
d) color results from opposing processes involving three sets of
color receptors, red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white.
53.
e) color vision is a function of brain activity.
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light
MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work. KEY: Evaluate/Explain
49.
The fact that red, green, and blue-violet light can be combined
to create any color of the spectrum was the basis for the:
50.
a) trichromatic theory of color vision.
51.
b) opponent-process theory of color vision.
52.
c) feature detection theory of color vision.
53.
d) color constancy theory of color vision.
54.
e) explanation of afterimages.
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light
MSC: factual KEY: Identify
50.
An object that reflects primarily long-wavelength light would
most stimulate which category of cone?
51.
a) Blue-violet
52.
b) Green
53.
c) Red
54.
d) Yellow
55.
e) Black-white
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light
MSC: applied
KEY: Apply
51.
Regarding the theories of color vision, which of the following
is TRUE?
52.
a) Trichromatic theory is supported by the behavior of cells
lying between the cones and the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
53.
b) Opponent-process theory is supported at the receptor level.
54.
c) Most authorities today suggest that color vision includes
elements of both trichromatic and opponent-process theories.
55.
d) Trichromatic theory is based on Hering’s work with
afterimages.
56.
e) Opponent-process theory suggests that the eyes have four
types of color receptors.
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light
MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work. KEY: Evaluate/Explain
52.
Negative afterimages provide support for which theory of color
vision?
53.
a) Trichromatic theory
54.
b) Feature detection theory
55.
c) Color constancy theory
56.
d) Young-Helmholtz theory
57.
e) Opponent-process theory
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light
MSC: conceptual
KEY: Identify
53.
Regarding color blindness, which of the following statements is
FALSE?
54.
a) More men have red-green color blindness than women.
55.
b) Red-green color blindness is more common than blue-yellow
color blindness.
56.
c) People who are monochromats can only perceive the world only
in shades of gray.
57.
d) About one in forty thousand people is completely color blind.
58.
e) Red-green color blindness appears to be carried on the Y
chromosome.
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the Light
MSC: conceptual KEY:
Evaluate/Explain
54.
Jack has the most common form of color blindness. What type of
color blindness does he have?
55.
a) Blue-green
56.
b) Red-yellow
57.
c) Red-green
58.
d) Blue-yellow
59.
e) Blue-red
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light
MSC: factual
KEY: Identify
55.
People who see only in black and white are called:
56.
a)
57.
b)
58.
c)
59.
d)
60.
e) partially colorblind.
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.2 REF: Vision: Seeing the
Light
MSC: factual KEY: Identify
56.
Humans can hear frequencies between:
57.
a) 100,000 and 200,000 cycles per second.
58.
b) 50,000 and 100,000 cycles per second.
59.
c) 20,000 and 50,000 cycles per second.
60.
d) 20 and 20,000 cycles per second.
61.
e) 1 and 20 cycles per second.
ANS: d TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: factual KEY: Identify
57.
Regarding the experience of sound, which of the following
statements is FALSE?
58.
a) Sound waves travel slower than light waves.
59.
b) The amplitude of sound waves determines their perceived
loudness and is measured in decibels.
60.
c) Humans hear by sensing sound waves that result from changes
in molecular vibration.
61.
d) Pitch is the perception of how high or low a sound seems,
which corresponds to the frequency of the sound wave’s vibration.
62.
e) Women’s voices are usually higher than men’s because their
vocal cords are longer and tend to vibrate more slowly than men’s.
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound
MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
58.
In sound waves, the amplitude of the wave is to ________ as the
frequency of the wave is to ________.
59.
a) loudness; pitch
60.
b) pitch; decibel
61.
c) pitch; loudness
62.
d) cycles; decibel
63.
e) cycles; pitch
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of Sound
MSC: conceptual
KEY: Evaluate/Explain, Identify
59.
In what order do the ossicles vibrate during hearing?
60.
a) Anvil, hammer, stirrup
61.
b) Stirrup, hammer, anvil
62.
c) Stirrup, anvil, hammer
63.
d) Hammer, stirrup, anvil
64.
e) Hammer, anvil, stirrup
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound
MSC: factual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work KEY: Identify NOT: WWW
60.
Which part of the ear is best described as a gelatinous
structure in the cochlea that contains the auditory receptors?
61.
a) Eardrum
62.
b) Organ of Corti
63.
c) Basilar Membrane
64.
d) Oval window
65.
e) Ossicles
ANS: b TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of Sound
MSC: factual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work KEY: Identify
61.
The fluid-filled snail-shaped bony tube in the inner ear is
called the:
62.
a)
63.
b)
64.
c)
65.
d) oval window.
66.
e) organ of Corti.
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound
MSC: factual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work KEY: Identify
62.
In human audition, the vibration of the ossicles is triggered by
the vibration of the ________ and transmitted directly to the ________.
63.
a) eardrum; oval window
64.
b) tympanic membrane; oval window
65.
c) oval window; auditory nerve
66.
d) eardrum; tympanic membrane
67.
e) auditory nerve; tympanic membrane
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: factual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses
work
KEY: Identify
63.
In human hearing, the auditory receptors are ________ and approximately
________ are in each ear.
64.
a) hair cells; 15,000
65.
b) hair cells; 5,000
66.
c) follicles; 5,000
67.
d) follicles; 15,000
68.
e) hair cells; 150,000
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: factual
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they do.
KEY: Identify NOT: WWW
64.
Which of the following best describes the function of the hair
cells?
65.
a) They funnel sound into the ear.
66.
b) They bend in response to vibrations of the basilar membrane,
which triggers transmission of auditory messages to the auditory cortex via the
auditory nerve.
67.
c) They are tiny hairs that weave together to form the auditory
nerve, which transmits auditory messages to the auditory cortex.
68.
d) They are a collection of tiny hair follicles in the ear that
vibrate in response to sound.
69.
e) They are a collection of tiny bones in the middle of the ear
that vibrate in response to vibrations from the eardrum, triggering the
transmission of auditory messages to the auditory cortex via the auditory nerve.
ANS: b TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: factual
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they do.
KEY: Define/Describe
65.
Regarding hair cells, which of the following is TRUE?
66.
a) They prevent wax from collecting in the ear.
67.
b) They can interfere with hearing.
68.
c) They are auditory receptors, not actual hairs.
69.
d) They are shorter in women than in men.
70.
e) They are follicles that each project 100 or so hairs.
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: factual
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they do.
KEY: Define/Describe, Evaluate/Explain
66.
The ear’s auditory receptors resemble:
67.
a) a snail.
68.
b) a hammer.
69.
c) an anvil.
70.
d) a stirrup.
71.
e)
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: factual
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they do.
KEY: Identify
67.
The _______________ states that the experience of pitch is
related to the ________________________.
68.
a) volley principle; alternate firing of groups of neurons along
the basilar membrane
69.
b) place theory; alternate firing of groups of neurons along the
basilar membrane
70.
c) volley principle; basilar membrane vibrating at the same
frequency as the sound wave itself
71.
d) place theory; basilar membrane vibrating at the same
frequency as the sound wave itself
72.
e) frequency theory; alternate firing of groups of neurons along
the basilar membrane
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound
MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work KEY: Evaluate/Explain
68.
The basis of the place theory of pitch detection is that pitch
is determined by the place that vibrates the most along the:
69.
a)
70.
b) basilar membrane.
71.
c) oval window.
72.
d) auditory nerve.
73.
e)
ANS: b TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: factual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work
KEY: Identify
69.
Among pitch theories, place theory best explains ________
frequency sounds, frequency theory best explains ________ frequency
sounds, and the volley principle explains ________ frequency sounds.
70.
a) mid-range; high; low
71.
b) high; mid-range; low
72.
c) high ; low; mid-range
73.
d) low; high; mid-range
74.
e) low; mid-range; high
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work KEY: Evaluate/Explain
70.
Approximately ________ Americans have hearing problems, and
approximately ________ are deaf.
71.
a) 2 million; 100,000
72.
b) 5 million; 200,000
73.
c) 10 million; 1 million
74.
d) 30 million; 2 million
75.
e) 50 million; 5 million
ANS: d TOP: MOD: 3.3 REF:
Hearing: The Music of Sound
MSC: factual KEY: Identify
71.
Approximately how many teens show evidence of hearing loss,
likely due to the use of earbuds to listen to music?
72.
a) 1 in 5
73.
b) 1 in 10
74.
c) 1 in 50
75.
d) 1 in 100
76.
e) Half of all teens
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: factual KEY: Identify
72.
Sound from which of the following should produce the most danger
to hearing upon brief exposure?
73.
a) A ringing telephone
74.
b) A jet airplane
75.
c) A lawn mower
76.
d) A jack hammer
77.
e) Headphones
ANS: b TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: applied KEY: Apply
73.
Marlee’s right eardrum was punctured in an accident when she was
three years old. She is deaf in her right eardrum, but is helped with a hearing
aid that amplifies sound waves. What type of deafness does Marlee have?
74.
a) Nerve
75.
b) Continuity
76.
c) Closure
77.
d) Subliminal
78.
e) Conduction
ANS: e TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: applied KEY: Apply
74.
Conduction deafness is to the ________ as nerve deafness is to
the ________.
75.
a) outer ear; inner ear
76.
b) inner ear; outer ear
77.
c) middle ear; inner ear
78.
d) inner ear; middle ear
79.
e) middle ear; outer ear
ANS: c TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: factual KEY: Identify
75.
Regarding hearing loss, which of the following is FALSE?
76.
a) Cochlear implants can help correct damage to the auditory
nerve.
77.
b) Disease, aging, and exposure to loud sounds can cause nerve
deafness.
78.
c) People with conduction deafness can sometimes benefit from hearing
aids that amplify sound waves.
79.
d) Hearing loss in later life is not inevitable.
80.
e) Loud noise can impair learning ability.
ANS: a TOP: MOD:
3.3 REF: Hearing: The Music of
Sound MSC: conceptual
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
76.
Which of the following are the chemical senses?
77.
a) Touch and smell
78.
b) Touch and taste
79.
c) Touch, taste, and kinesthesis
80.
d) Taste, smell, and kinesthesis
81.
e) Taste and smell
ANS: e TOP: MOD: 3.4
REF: Our Other Senses: Chemical,
Skin and Body Senses MSC: factual
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they
do
KEY: Identify
77.
Regarding the sense of smell, which of the following statements
is FALSE?
78.
a) Humans have about 10 million odor receptors in their
nostrils.
79.
b) Human odor receptors are capable of sensing about 10,000
different substances.
80.
c) Different substances have different-shaped molecules that fit
into particular odor receptors.
81.
d) Smell is the only sense in which sensory information does not
go through the thalamus on its way to the cerebral cortex.
82.
e) The limbic system is involved in the processing of smells.
ANS: a TOP: MOD: 3.4 REF: Our Other Senses:
Chemical, Skin and Body Senses MSC: conceptual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
78.
All of the following senses go through the thalamus on the way
to the cortex EXCEPT:
79.
a)
80.
b)
81.
c)
82.
d)
83.
e)
ANS: b TOP: MOD: 3.4 REF: Our Other Senses:
Chemical, Skin and Body Senses MSC: factual
OBJ: 4-Identify the parts of the eye and ear; explain how our
senses work
KEY: Identify, Explain/Evaluate
79.
Which sense has connections with several structures in the
limbic system and is especially effective at stimulating emotional memories?
80.
a) Smell
81.
b) Taste
82.
c) Hearing
83.
d) Vision
84.
e) Touch
ANS: b TOP: MOD: 3.4
REF: Our Other Senses: Chemical,
Skin and Body Senses MSC: factual
KEY: Identify
80.
Evelyn walks past a café, which is emitting odors for
fresh-brewed coffee. Evelyn smells the odors, and her brain tells her she wants
a cup of the delicious brew. Which of the following is(are) responsible
for carrying impulses from the odor receptors in Evelyn’s nose to her brain?
81.
a) Olfactory bulb
82.
b) Olfactory nerve
83.
c) Taste buds
84.
d) Pheromones
85.
e) Vestibular organ
ANS:
b TOP:
MOD: 3.4 REF: Our Other
Senses: Chemical, Skin and Body Senses MSC:
applied
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they
do
KEY: Identify, Apply
81.
Renee is smelling a rose. Its odor’s chemical molecules lock
into the odor receptors in Renee’s nose. The resulting neural impulses then
follow which path?
82.
a) Olfactory bulb to olfactory nerve to olfactory cortex in the
parietal lobe
83.
b) Olfactory nerve to olfactory bulb to olfactory cortex in the
temporal lobe
84.
c) Olfactory nerve to thalamus to olfactory cortex in the
temporal lobe
85.
d) Olfactory nerve to olfactory bulb to olfactory cortex in the
occipital lobe
86.
e) Olfactory nerve to olfactory cortex to olfactory bulb in the
occipital lobe
ANS: b TOP: MOD: 3.4
REF: Our Other Senses: Chemical,
Skin and Body Senses MSC: applied
OBJ: 5-Identify the sensory receptors and describe what they
do
KEY: Define/Describe, Apply
82.
Various species emit chemical substances called ________ that
play (an) important role(s) in ________.
83.
a) hormones; many behaviors
84.
b) pheromones; many behaviors
85.
c) hormones; sexual attraction
86.
d) olfactions; sexual attraction
87.
e) olfactions; many behaviors
ANS: b TOP: MOD: 3.4
REF: Our Other Senses: Chemical,
Skin and Body Senses MSC: factual
KEY: Define/Describe
83.
Regarding pheromones, which of the following is TRUE?
84.
a) Pheromones are human sexual hormones.
85.
b) Humans lack the receptors needed to sense pheromones.
86.
c) Pheromones are not associated with sexual behavior in
animals.
87.
d) Scientists have found that pheromones influence sexual
attraction in humans.
88.
e) The role of pheromones in human sexual behavior remains
unclear.
ANS: e TOP: MOD: 3.4
REF: Our Other Senses: Chemical,
Skin and Body Senses MSC: factual
KEY: Evaluate/Explain
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