Becker’s World of the Cell 8th Edition by Jeff Hardin – Test Bank
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Sample
Questions
Becker’s World of the Cell, 8e (Hardin/Bertoni/Kleinsmith)
Chapter 4 Cells and Organelles
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following is a eukaryotic characteristic?
1. A)
cell fission
2. B)
membrane-bounded nucleus
3. C)
little processing of RNA
4. D)
70S ribosomes
5. E)
none of the above
Answer: B
2) The methanobacteria, halobacteria, and sulfobacteria are
included in which domain?
1. A)
eubacteria
2. B) protista
3. C)
blue-green algae
4. D)
archaea
5. E)
all of the above
Answer: D
3) Which of the following is included as part of the Eubacteria?
1. A)
methanogens
2. B)
thermacidophiles
3. C)
cyanobacteria
4. D)
halobacteria
5. E)
sulfobacteria
Answer: C
4) The size range of most plant and animal cells is ________.
1. A)
1—10 nm
2. B)
1—5 μm
3. C)
10—50 μm
4. D)
0.1—0.5 mm
5. E)
50—100 mm
Answer: C
5) Which of the following is true of plant cells?
1. A)
Plant cells may contain chloroplasts.
2. B)
Plant cells are always much larger than animal cells.
3. C)
Chromosomes are found only in plant cells.
4. D)
Only plant cells have a cell membrane.
5. E)
The plant cell has no cell wall.
Answer: A
6) Which of the following organelles is not generally found
in animal cells?
1. A)
food vacuole
2. B) centriole
3. C)
endoplasmic reticulum
4. D)
central vacuole
5. E)
mitochondrion
Answer: D
7) When the size of a cell increases, the surface area/volume
ratio
1. A)
decreases initially and then begins to increase.
2. B)
remains the same.
3. C)
decreases.
4. D)
increases initially and then begins to decrease.
5. E)
increases.
Answer: C
8) If the surface area of a cell increases by a factor of 100,
the volume of that cell will
1. A)
remain the same.
2. B)
increase by a factor of 100.
3. C)
increase by a factor of 1000.
4. D)
increase by a factor of 10.
5. E)
decrease by a factor of 100.
Answer: C
9) Which of the following diseases is caused by a peroxisomal
defect?
1. A)
Zellweger syndrome
2. B)
sickle-cell anemia
3. C)
Tay-Sachs disease
4. D)
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
5. E)
I-cell disease
Answer: A
10) Which of the following would be attributed to a peroxisomal
dysfunction?
1. A)
accumulation of N-acetylglucosamine
phosphotransferase
2. B)
accumulation of ganglioside GM2
3. C)
accumulation of very long chain fatty acids
4. D)
accumulation of glucocerebroside
5. E) accumulation
of complex sugars
Answer: C
11) Membrane proteins may function in
1. A)
receiving extracellular signals.
2. B)
amphipathic modification.
3. C)
temperature control.
4. D)
protein manufacture.
5. E)
information storage.
Answer: A
12) Which of the following is least likely to be part of a cell
membrane?
1. A)
proteoglycans
2. B)
phospholipids
3. C)
glycoproteins
4. D)
transport proteins
5. E)
enzymes
Answer: A
13) The cytosol is best described as the
1. A)
fluid within the nucleus.
2. B) three-dimensional
array of interconnected filaments.
3. C)
semifluid substance in which organelles are suspended.
4. D)
internal contents of organelles.
5. E)
area of the cell not occupied by the nucleus.
Answer: C
14) Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion?
1. A)
polio
2. B)
Zellweger syndrome
3. C)
Tay-Sachs disease
4. D)
infantile Refsum disease
5. E)
mad cow disease
Answer: E
15) Which of the following is not generally associated with a
chloroplast?
1. A)
thylakoids
2. B)
grana
3. C)
stroma
4. D)
matrix
5. E)
both choices A and B
Answer: D
16) The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis of
1. A)
lipids.
2. B)
polysaccharides.
3. C)
proteins.
4. D)
DNA.
5. E)
all of the above
Answer: A
17) Which of the following processes would be most likely to
occur in the Golgi complex?
1. A)
synthesis of steroids
2. B)
production and packaging of lipids
3. C)
glycosylation of proteins
4. D)
synthesis of DNA
5. E)
detoxification of drugs
Answer: C
18) Which sequence reflects the locations that a secretory
protein will visit on its way from its production to its secretion outside the
cell?
1. A)
rough ER, secretory vesicle, Golgi complex, ER vesicle
2. B)
rough ER, Golgi complex, smooth ER, ER vesicle
3. C)
nucleus, Golgi complex, rough or smooth ER, secretory vesicle
4. D)
smooth ER, rough ER, Golgi complex, secretory vesicle
5. E)
rough ER, ER vesicle, Golgi complex, secretory vesicle
Answer: E
19) Which of the following organelles is not part of the
endomembrane system?
1. A)
ribosome
2. B)
endoplasmic reticulum
3. C)
Golgi apparatus
4. D)
lysosome
5. E)
secretory vesicle
Answer: A
20) A protein is destined to be secreted from a cell. In which
organelle would you expect to find the protein just after it is produced in the
rough endoplasmic reticulum?
1. A)
endosome
2. B)
lysosome
3. C)
secretory vesicle
4. D)
Golgi apparatus
5. E)
nucleus
Answer: D
21) Which of the following is true of a lysosome?
1. A)
The lysosome may mature from a late endosome.
2. B)
The lysosome may function in glycosylation.
3. C)
The contents of the lysosome originate in the smooth ER.
4. D)
The lysosome functions in export packaging.
5. E)
all of the above
Answer: A
22) Which organelle has only a single membrane around it?
1. A)
ribosome
2. B)
nucleus
3. C)
mitochondrion
4. D)
chloroplast
5. E)
peroxisome
Answer: E
23) Glyoxysomes play an important role in the germination of
fat-storing seeds and are considered to be specialized ________.
1. A)
peroxisomes
2. B)
lysosomes
3. C)
vacuoles
4. D)
centrioles
5. E)
ribosomes
Answer: A
24) Prokaryotes have ________S ribosomes with ________S and
________S subunits, whereas eukaryotes have ________S ribosomes with ________S
and ________S subunits.
1. A)
80, 50, 30; 100, 60, 40
2. B)
100, 60, 50; 90, 60, 40
3. C)
70, 50, 30; 80, 60, 40
4. D)
70, 40, 30; 80, 50, 30
5. E)
80, 60, 40; 70, 50, 30
Answer: C
25) Intermediate filaments are
1. A) different
in different cell types.
2. B)
smaller than actin filaments.
3. C)
composed of tubulin.
4. D)
composed of globular proteins only.
5. E)
none of the above
Answer: A
26) A(n) ________ is composed of tetrameric protofilaments.
1. A)
extracellular matrix
2. B)
microtubule
3. C)
bacteriophage
4. D)
microfilament
5. E)
intermediate filament
Answer: E
27) The major structural elements of the cytoskeleton are
1. A)
the extracellular matrix and the cell wall.
2. B)
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
3. C)
the cytoplasm and cytosol.
4. D)
cleavage furrows and G-actin.
5. E)
proteoglycans and cellulose microfibrils.
Answer: B
28) Lignin is an important component in
1. A)
tight junctions.
2. B)
plant cell walls.
3. C)
fungal cell walls.
4. D)
plasmodesmata.
5. E)
bacterial cell walls.
Answer: B
29) Communication between animal cells is facilitated by
1. A)
tight junctions.
2. B)
gap junctions.
3. C)
adhesive junctions.
4. D)
plasmodesmata.
5. E)
both choices B and C
Answer: B
30) With regard to tight junctions,
1. A)
one face of the cell, the apical surface, is in contact with other cells.
2. B)
they allow free movement of ions and molecules between cells.
3. C)
they are responsible for holding cardiac muscle together.
4. D)
they are composed of special proteins called connexins.
5. E)
they block the movement of basolateral integral membrane proteins to the apical
surface.
Answer: E
31) Viroids are characterized by all of the following except
1. A)
circular DNA.
2. B)
well-characterized transmission.
3. C)
self-replicating.
4. D)
latent forms exist in some genomes.
5. E)
associated with plant diseases.
Answer: B
32) Which of the following fundamental properties of life do
viruses not possess?
1. A)
metabolism
2. B)
irritability
3. C)
ability to reproduce
4. D)
both choices A and B
5. E)
both choices B and C
Answer: D
33) Kuru is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system
believed to be caused by which type of agent?
1. A)
virus
2. B)
bacterium
3. C)
prion
4. D)
viroid
5. E)
protozoan
Answer: C
34) Which of the following is not true of a viroid?
1. A) Cadang-cadang
is a viroid disease of the coconut palm.
2. B)
Its RNA is circular.
3. C)
Its capsid is quite small.
4. D)
Viroids possess about 250—400 nucleotides.
5. E)
Viroids affect mostly plants.
Answer: C
35) Which of the following is not believed to be a virus or to be
caused by a virus?
1. A)
TMV
2. B)
AIDS
3. C)
Epstein-Barr
4. D)
scrapie
5. E) T4
phage
Answer: D
36) In which of the following properties are the Archaea more
like eukaryotes than the bacteria?
1. A)
size
2. B)
microtubules and microfilaments
3. C) translation
initiation
4. D)
mode of cell division
5. E)
both choices C and D
Answer: C
37) The term “junk DNA” is no longer used because these regions
of DNA have been found to be associated with all of the following except
1. A)
miRNAs.
2. B)
speciation.
3. C)
binding sites for regulatory regions.
4. D)
All of the above have been associated with “junk DNA.”
5. E)
None of the above have been associated with “junk DNA.”
Answer: D
38) Mitochondrial DNA is/are
1. A)
similar to nuclear DNA sequences.
2. B)
used to trace dispersal of modern humans.
3. C)
information storage for enzymes associated with photorespiration.
4. D)
associated with paternal inheritance patterns.
5. E)
all of the above
Answer: B
39) The hallmark feature of peroxisomal diseases is the presence
of
1. A)
hydrolases.
2. B)
very long chain fatty acids.
3. C)
long chain gangliosides.
4. D) an
abundance of myelin.
5. E)
amyloid plaques.
Answer: B
40) The chromoplast is an organelle associated with
1. A)
oxidation of sugars.
2. B)
synthesis of secretory proteins.
3. C)
plant pigment storage.
4. D)
ribosome production in primitive plants.
5. E)
storage of chromium.
Answer: C
Matching Questions
Match the organelle to its function.
1. A)
turgor pressure
2. B)
ribosome production
3. C)
support and flexibility
4. D)
synthesis of complex polysaccharides
5. E)
photosynthesis
6. F)
synthesis of secretory proteins
7. G)
detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
8. H)
contains pigments in flowers
9. I)
storage of hydrolase
10. J)
boundary of the cell
11. K)
protein synthesis
12. L)
oxidation of sugars
13. M)
cell shape and movement of organelles
14. N)
information center
15. O)
steroid synthesis
1) nucleus
2) mitochondrion
3) chloroplast
4) nucleolus
5) rough endoplasmic reticulum
6) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
7) extracellular matrix
8) cytoskeleton
9) chromoplast
10) Golgi complex
11) lysosome
12) peroxisome
13) central vacuole
14) ribosome
15) plasma membrane
Answers: 1) N 2) L 3) E 4) B 5) F 6) O 7) C 8) M 9) H 10) D 11)
I 12) G 13) A 14) K 15) J
Short Answer Questions
1) The matrix is to the mitochondrion as the ________ is to the
chloroplast.
Answer: stroma
2) The pathway that a secretory protein takes from inside to
outside is: rough endoplasmic reticulum, ________, Golgi complex, ________,
outside the cell.
Answer: ER vesicle; secretory vesicle
3) The subunits of a ribosome are referred to as being 40S. The
“S” refers to ________.
Answer: Svedberg units (S), a unit of sediment coefficient
4) Collagen fibers are to the extracellular matrix as ________
is to the cell wall.
Answer: cellulose
5) Tubulin is to microtubules as ________ is to microfilaments.
Answer: actin
6) Photosynthesis is to the chloroplast as ________ is to the
mitochondrion.
Answer: respiration
7) The ________ are prokaryotes that live in very salty
environments.
Answer: halobacteria
8) As a cell increases in size, the surface area ________ and
the volume ________.
Answer: squares; cubes
9) The region within the prokaryotic cell where the DNA is
located is known as the ________.
Answer: nucleoid
10) The ________ is comprised of the fluid portion of the cell
and contains the organelles.
Answer: cytoplasm
11) The similarity in the evolutionary origins of mitochondria
and chloroplasts has led to the development of the ________, which proposed
that they were originally bacteria.
Answer: endosymbiont theory
12) ________ are infectious RNAs that are responsible for
diseases in several crop plants, such as tobacco.
Answer: Viroids
13) ________ are infectious proteins that are responsible for
several animal diseases, including scrapie and mad cow disease.
Answer: Prions
Inquiry
1) A microbiologist has discovered what she thinks are two new
types of algae. The first cell (organism 1) appears nearly cubic and is
approximately 1.5 μm wide × 1.5 μm long × 1.5 μm deep. The second, longer cell
(organism 2) is 2 μm wide × 5 μm long × 2 μm deep.
1. What
is the surface area/volume ratio of each organism?
2. Based
on what you know about the surface area/volume ratios, which organism will find
it more difficult to interact with the surrounding environment?
3. How
will this organism cope with the reduced capacity to interact with the
environment?
Answer:
1. Organism
1: surface area = 1.5 × 1.5 × 6 sides = 13.5; volume = 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 =
3.375; surface
area/volume = 4
Organism 2: surface area = (2 × 5 × 4 sides) + (2 × 2 × 2 ends)
= 48; volume = 2 × 5 × 2 = 20; surface area/volume = 2.4
1. Organism
2 will find it more difficult.
2. Strategies
include compartmentalization, cytoplasmic streaming, and membrane folding.
2) Several biology students have just returned from a field trip
in which they were asked to collect prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The eukaryotic
organisms were to be divided into plant cells, animal cells, or “other.” The
students have access to a light and electron microscope. Can you suggest how
they could determine whether these cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic? How
could they distinguish plant from animal cells?
Answer: The students should list various criteria that
distinguish prokaryotes from eukaryotes. These include differences in size and
structure and the presence or absence of nuclei and organelles. Both plants and
animals are multicellular. Plants can be distinguished from animals by the
presence of a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole. Animals possess
lysosomes and centrioles and have no cell wall. “Others” (fungi, protozoa, and
algae) would not necessarily fit these criteria.
3) Currently there is a great deal of scientific debate about
whether or not viruses should be considered living organisms. Pick a side on
the debate, and defend your position with scientific facts. In your discussion,
be sure to include the properties of life and the impact of the taxonomic
placement of viroids and prions.
Answer: Answers will vary; however, the student should
present a logical and scientifically sound explanation for his/her position in
the debate.
4) In your own words and with your own examples, explain fully
how cells are limited in size and how some cells have modifications that allow
them to be larger or more adapted to a particular function in spite of these
limitations.
Answer: Answers will vary greatly; however, all essays
should contain the elements of 1) adequate surface area/ volume ratio; 2) rates
at which molecules diffuse; and 3) maintaining adequate local concentrations of
enzymes and other molecules. Adaptations can include sequestering functions to
organelles and any of the ways cells maximize their surface area, such as villi
and microvilli.
5) Within human lungs, the apical surface of the epithelium
produces a growth factor called heregulin. The receptors for heregulin are
located on the basolateral surface of the same cells. When the lung epithelial
lining is intact, the tight junctions create a barrier that separates the
heregulin from its receptors. However, when the epithelial lining is
compromised, the heregulin is able to reach its receptors, where it stimulates
mitosis and thereby leads to wound healing. Based upon this information,
explain what happens with smoking cigarettes, which is known to increase the
permeability of airway epithelium.
Answer: The heregulin will continually penetrate the tight
junctions and, in an autocrine fashion, continually stimulate mitosis of
epithelial cells. This is thought to be the basis for the “piling up” of
epithelial cells seen in the lungs of smokers, as well as being a potential
factor associated with lung cancer.
Becker’s World of the Cell, 8e (Hardin/Bertoni/Kleinsmith)
Chapter 7 Membranes: Their Structure, Function, and
Chemistry
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following is not a function of membranes?
1. A)
define cell boundaries
2. B)
compartmentalization
3. C)
information storage
4. D)
regulation of transport
5. E)
cell-cell communication
Answer: C
2) Which is not a
model for membrane structure?
1. A)
Overton lipid coat
2. B)
Langmuir monolayer
3. C)
Gorter and Grendel bilayer
4. D)
Singer and Nicholson fluid mosaic
5. E)
Watson and Crick double helix
Answer: E
3) Temperature has a dramatic effect upon cell membranes. This
influence can readily make a cell membrane more solid or more fluid in response
to the temperature. This is an example of
1. A)
liquidation.
2. B)
membrane flexibility.
3. C)
phase transition.
4. D)
membrane asymmetry.
5. E)
scanning calorimetry.
Answer: C
4) Two cells with different cell-surface markers are fused in
the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The cells are then placed at 0°C.
What do you expect to observe about the individual cell markers?
1. A)
The markers will evenly disperse throughout both membranes.
2. B)
Only one marker will disperse, while the other remains stationary.
3. C)
Both sets of markers will not mix but will migrate to opposite poles from one
another.
4. D)
The markers will essentially remain where they are, with little migration.
5. E)
The markers will be endocytosed by the fused cell and then redistributed as
fused markers.
Answer: D
5) Which of the following molecules would not readily cross
an intact cell membrane by simple diffusion?
1. A)
water
2. B)
glucose
3. C)
oxygen
4. D)
fatty acids
5. E)
ethanol
Answer: B
6) Which of the following molecules would enter the cell via a
specialized transmembrane receptor?
1. A)
water
2. B)
fatty acids
3. C)
cholesterol
4. D)
ethanol
5. E)
gases
Answer: E
7) With regard to the semipermeable nature of the plasma
membrane, which of the following would readily cross without the aid of a
transport protein?
1. A)
calcium ions
2. B)
glucose
3. C)
water
4. D)
amino acids
5. E)
DNA
Answer: C
8) You are examining an electron micrograph of cells obtained
from a new deep-sea life form. Upon closer examination, you notice that there
are two dark lines separated by a lightly stained region. These results are
similar to the observation of which investigator(s) of membrane structure?
1. A)
Robertson
2. B)
Gorter and Grendel
3. C)
Unwin and Henderson
4. D) Overton
5. E)
Singer and Nicolson
Answer: A
9) The scientist(s) who developed the “sandwich” model of the
cell membrane is (are)
1. A)
Overton.
2. B)
Langmuir.
3. C)
Gorter and Grendel.
4. D)
Davson and Danielli.
5. E)
Robertson.
Answer: D
10) With respect to the outer and inner faces of the lipid
bilayer of the cell membrane, the composition of lipids is
1. A)
asymmetrical.
2. B)
identical.
3. C)
not identical but symmetrical.
4. D)
highly random and varies throughout the cell.
5. E) a
mirror image.
Answer: A
11) Based on the composition of cell membranes, the most
prominent lipids are
1. A)
phospholipids.
2. B)
glycolipids.
3. C)
cholesterol.
4. D)
phytosterol.
5. E)
cerebrosides.
Answer: A
12) Which of the following organisms would contain sphingomyelin
in its cell membrane?
1. A)
bacteria
2. B)
algae
3. C)
animals
4. D)
bryophytes
5. E)
angiosperms
Answer: C
13) Of the following lipids, which would you expect to find
associated with chloroplast membranes?
1. A)
phosphatidylserine
2. B)
glycosphingolipid
3. C) monogalactosyldiacylglycerol
4. D)
galactocerebroside
5. E)
hopanoids
Answer: C
14) Of the following lipids, which is found in approximately
equal amounts in both the outer and inner portions of the lipid bilayer?
1. A)
cholesterol
2. B)
glycolipid
3. C)
phosphatidylserine
4. D)
phophatidylethanolamine
5. E)
phophatidylinositol
Answer: A
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