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Sample Test

 Chapter 03

Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Glycogen is used to store ________ in the ________. 1)
A) protein; muscle
B) nucleic acids; liver
C) glucose; spleen
D) protein; liver
E) glucose; liver
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2) In some vintage science fiction movies, space travelers find themselves on a planet orbiting a
distant star in which there are curious forms of life based on silicon instead of carbon. Although the
story clearly is sci-fi, there is an aura of plausibility in the choice of silicon, an atom with 14
protons, in place of carbon as this alien life-form’s central atom. The reason is that silicon:
2)
A) is an isotope of carbon.
B) is lighter than carbon.
C) is heavier than carbon.
D) has four electrons in its outermost shell.
E) has one more proton than carbon, so is very similar to it.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
3) In many cases, carbohydrates have the following ratio of elements: 3)
A) carbon and hydrogen in a ratio of 1:2.
B) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1.
C) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1:2.
D) carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in a ratio of 1:2:1.
E) carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in a ratio of 1:2:1.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
1
4) Alpha helices and beta pleated sheets are examples of: 4)
A) secondary structure.
B) primary structure.
C) tertiary structure.
D) quaternary structure.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
5) The monomers of polysaccharides are: 5)
A) amino acids.
B) lipids.
C) steroids.
D) nucleotides.
E) sugars.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
6) The monomers of polysaccharides are: 6)
A) amino acids.
B) nucleotides.
C) simple sugars.
D) fatty acids.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
7) Which of the following is the indigestible (at least for humans) glucose polysaccharide that is found
in plants?
7)
A) starch
B) glycogen
C) chitin
D) cellulose
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
2
8) Saturated fats are usually found in: 8)
A) canola oil.
B) a beef steak.
C) safflower oil.
D) both coconut oil and a beef steak.
E) coconut oil.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
9) The difference between one amino acid and another is the: 9)
A) type of R group each contains.
B) difference in the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups.
C) way their amino groups bond with carboxyl groups.
D) number of amino and carboxyl groups each contains.
E) number of R groups each contains.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
10) Every protein has a unique shape and function because: 10)
A) each protein has a unique sequence of nucleotides.
B) the number of nitrogen atoms in each amino acid differs.
C) each protein has a unique sequence of amino acids.
D) the bonds between the amino acids vary from protein to protein.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
11) What do wax and testosterone have in common? 11)
A) They are both lipids.
B) They are both hormones.
C) They are both steroids.
D) They are both proteins.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
3
12) Butane and isobutane are isomers. This means they have the same: 12)
A) chemical formula but a different arrangement of atoms.
B) number of carbon atoms but different numbers of hydrogen atoms.
C) chemical formula but can only exist as ring structures.
D) arrangement of atoms but a different chemical formula.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
13) A functional group added to a hydrocarbon usually makes the hydrocarbon: 13)
A) nonpolar.
B) acidic.
C) hydrophobic.
D) an isomer.
E) polar.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
14) Proteins that are composed of more than one polypeptide chain are said to have ________ structure. 14)
A) primary
B) tertiary
C) secondary
D) quaternary
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
15) If you removed the cuticle from the skin of an apple, the: 15)
A) apple would be inedible.
B) apple would lose water and dehydrate.
C) seeds of the apple would die.
D) apple would absorb moisture and get soggy.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
4
16) Which of the following contains both a carboxyl group and an amino group? 16)
A) lipids
B) nucleotides
C) carbohydrates
D) amino acids
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
17) Which of the following are polysaccharides? 17)
A) starch and glycogen
B) sucrose and glucose
C) fructose and deoxyribose
D) DNA and RNA
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
18) Which of the following is true of cellulose? 18)
A) Animals store glucose as cellulose.
B) Plants store amino acids as cellulose.
C) Plants’ cell walls are made up of cellulose.
D) Plants store glucose as cellulose.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
19) Unique chemical groups that confer special properties to an organic molecule are called: 19)
A) functional groups.
B) monomers.
C) amino acids.
D) lipids.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
5
20) In the following chemical reaction, which molecule is the disaccharide?
glucose + fructose 􀀏 sucrose + water
20)
A) glucose
B) fructose
C) sucrose
D) water
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
21) Unsaturated fatty acids: 21)
A) contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible.
B) have long been linked with heart disease.
C) are usually found in animal fats.
D) have one or more double bonds between the carbons.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
22) Nucleotides are the building blocks for: 22)
A) lipids.
B) steroids.
C) proteins.
D) disaccharides.
E) ATP, DNA, and RNA.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
23) Carbon is such an important element for life because it: 23)
A) can hydrogen bond to many different molecules.
B) can form chemical bonds with a maximum of four other atoms.
C) does not form isomers.
D) forms strong ionic bonds.
E) is part of the water molecule.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
6
24) All of the following are functions of proteins except: 24)
A) enzyme activity.
B) serving as transport molecules.
C) storing genetic information.
D) hormone activity.
E) serving as structural building materials.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
25) An example of an important biological molecule that may contain the -NH2 group is: 25)
A) an enzyme.
B) a glucose molecule.
C) a starch.
D) a triglyceride.
E) steroids.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
26) Which of the following lipids is the primary component in cell membranes? 26)
A) glycerol
B) steroids
C) phospholipids
D) triglycerides
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
7
27) Before DNA was established as the genetic material, proteins were considered the most likely
molecules to serve this role. In part this belief was based on the fact that there are 20 building
blocks (20 different kinds of amino acids) for proteins versus 4 building blocks (4 different
nucleotides) for DNA. If proteins stored a code, there would be a far greater number of code words
possible for a protein of a given number of amino acids than for a DNA molecule of the same
number of nucleotides. For example, there are 16 different sequences (42) possible for a DNA two
nucleotides long and 400 (202) different sequences possible for a protein two amino acids long. For
a sequence three nucleotides or three amino acids in length, the number of distinct DNA sequences
is ________, and the number of distinct protein sequences is ________.
27)
A) 64; 8,000
B) 800; 8,000
C) 64; 800
D) 20; 420
E) 30; 800
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
28) Which of the following is the correct order for the flow of information in the cell? 28)
A) DNA codes for protein, which codes for RNA.
B) Proteins code for DNA, which codes for RNA.
C) DNA codes for RNA, which codes for protein.
D) RNA codes for DNA, which codes for protein.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
29) Amino acids are monomers used to build: 29)
A) triglycerides.
B) nucleic acids.
C) polysaccharides.
D) proteins.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
8
30) Sugar is an organic molecule because it contains: 30)
A) carbon and oxygen.
B) carbon.
C) carbon and nitrogen.
D) water.
E) carbon dioxide.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
31) Which of the following is an example of a lipid? 31)
A) cellulose
B) cholesterol
C) chitin
D) keratin
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
32) Butter, which is made from milk fat, tends to be harder at room temperature than most margarines.
If you wanted to make a butter that is softer at room temperature, you should consider:
32)
A) adding more than three fatty acid chains to the triglycerides.
B) saturating the fatty acid chains.
C) creating more double bonds in the fatty acid chains.
D) making the fatty acid chains longer.
E) making fatty acid chains with fewer kinks.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
33) The hydrogenation of vegetable oil results in: 33)
A) a decrease in the number of double bonds between the carbon atoms.
B) the oil becoming more liquid at room temperature.
C) the conversion of monounsaturated fatty acids into polyunsaturated fatty acids.
D) a decrease in the number of hydrogen atoms in the oil molecule.
E) an increase in the number of double bonds between the carbon atoms.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
9
34) Chitin and cellulose are examples of: 34)
A) structural polysaccharides.
B) monosaccharides.
C) storage polysaccharides.
D) disacchrides.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
35) What do polysaccharides, such as cellulose; nucleic acids, such as DNA; and proteins, such as
keratin, have in common?
35)
A) They are all carbohydrates.
B) They are all amino acids.
C) They are all built of chemically linked monomers.
D) They are all lipids.
E) They are all nonpolar.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
36) Which of the following is true of steroids? 36)
A) Steroids exist naturally in humans as hormones.
B) Steroids are polymers.
C) Steroids contain a central, single-ring carbon structure.
D) Some amino acids are steroids.
E) If people inject male steroid hormones, they can build muscle mass with no side effects.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
37) The two chains of nucleotides in a DNA molecule are held together by: 37)
A) covalent bonds.
B) hydrogen bonds.
C) peptide bonds.
D) ionic bonds.
E) hydrophobic interactions.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
10
38) Which of the following is a polymer? 38)
A) wax
B) nucleic acid
C) fat
D) steroid
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
39) All of the following are monosaccharides except: 39)
A) glucose.
B) fructose.
C) deoxyribose.
D) cellulose.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
40) Many features of a protein change when it is moved into an environment with a different pH.
Which of the following features would stay the same?
40)
A) tertiary structure of the protein
B) amino acid sequence of the protein
C) binding properties of the protein
D) function of the protein
E) shape of the protein
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
41) You notice that water is running off the feathers of a bird in the rain. The reason is probably that the
bird has coated the feathers with ________, which keeps the water out of them.
41)
A) proteins
B) nucleic acids
C) lipids
D) polysaccharides
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
11
42) Hydroxyl groups are commonly found in: 42)
A) amino acids.
B) carbohydrates.
C) fatty acids.
D) DNA.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
43) What is a triglyceride? 43)
A) a lipid made of two glycerols, a fatty acid, and a phosphate group
B) a lipid made of one glycerol and two fatty acids
C) a lipid made of one glycerol and three fatty acids
D) a polypeptide made of three amino acids
E) a carbohydrate made of three sugars
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
44) Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by: 44)
A) animals.
B) fungi.
C) plants.
D) monera.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
45) A triglyceride contains ________ fatty acid chains, whereas a phospholipid contains ________ fatty
acid chains.
45)
A) two; three
B) three; two
C) four; two
D) two; four
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
46) Keratin is an example of a ________ protein. 46)
Answer: structural
Explanation:
12
47) The precursor from which steroid hormones are made is ________. 47)
Answer: cholesterol
Explanation:
48) You have a genetic defect that prevents your cells from making the amino acid tryptophan
from indole and serine. Your cells might be lacking the proper information in their
________, which would direct the synthesis of the ________ that catalyzes tryptophan
synthesis.
48)
Answer: DNA; enzyme
Explanation:
49) A series of amino acids linked in linear fashion is called a ________. 49)
Answer: polypeptide
Explanation:
50) If you boil an egg for lunch, the egg white becomes hard, white, and opaque because the
protein molecules have unfolded, causing them to stick together. This is an example of
how heat ________ a protein.
50)
Answer: denatures
Explanation:
51) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is an energy-carrying, modified ________. 51)
Answer: nucleotide
Explanation:
52) Polypeptides differ in their ________ and ________ of amino acids. 52)
Answer: number; kinds
Explanation:
53) Ribosomes are made up of protein and ________. 53)
Answer: RNA
Explanation:
54) The active site of an enzyme is a product of its ________. 54)
Answer: three-dimensional shape or conformation
Explanation:
55) ________ is a branch of chemistry that studies carbon compounds. 55)
Answer: Organic chemistry
Explanation:
TRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.
56) Hydroxyl groups are functional groups found on amino acids. 56)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
57) Cholesterol is used to make other steroids in the body. 57)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
13
58) All other levels of protein structure are dictated by the primary structure. 58)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
59) Amino acids contain both amino and carboxyl functional groups. 59)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
60) Wax is a lipid. 60)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
61) All hormones are steroids. 61)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
62) Lipids with carbon-carbon double bonds tend to be more solid at room temperature. 62)
Answer: True False
Explanation:
63) The chitin that makes up the exoskeleton of insects is a polymer of amino acids. 63)
Answer: True False
Explanation: