Biology The Unity And Diversity Of Life 14th Edition by Cecie Starr – Test Bank

 

 

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Sample Test

Chapter_03_Molecules_of_Life   Multiple Choice

 

1. Hydrogenation is a chemical process that ____.   a. ​turns liquid oil to solid fats   b. turns amino acids into proteins   c. turns DNA into lipids   d. creates stable alternative energy sources   e. creates unstable alternative energy sources   ANSWER:   a DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.1 Fear of Frying LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.1 – Examine how trans fats affect human health.

 

2. Fats are major constituents of ____.   a. ​proteins   b. genes   c. photosynthesis   d. cell membranes   e. nucleic acids   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.1 Fear of Frying LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.1 – Examine how trans fats affect human health.

 

3. Typical fat molecules have ____ fatty acid chain(s).   a. ​one   b. two   c. three   d. four   e. five   ANSWER:   c DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.1 Fear of Frying LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.1 – Examine how trans fats affect human health.

 

4. A single atom of carbon may form up to ____ covalent bonds with other atoms.   a. ​two   b. three   c. four   d. five   e. six   ANSWER:   c DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.2 Organic Molecules LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.3 – Examine the importance of carbon atoms in the molecules of life.

 

5. Although carbon dioxide contains carbon, it is not considered an “organic” compound because ____.   a. ​it is not found in the earth’s crust   b. it is not present in living cells   c. the carbon atom is not bonded to at least one hydrogen atom   d. the carbons are not in chains or rings   e. it is too small   ANSWER:   c DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.2 Organic Molecules LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.2 – Examine the composition of organic molecules.

 

6. A hydrolysis reaction results in ____.   a. ​bond formation of a macromolecule   b. bond breakage of a macromolecule   c. lipid molecule creation   d. nucleic acids creation   e. ​most macromolecules   ANSWER:   b DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: REFERENCES:   3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to Function LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.5 – Examine how functional groups influence the properties of an organic compound.

 

7. An -OH group is a(n) ____ group.   a. ​carboxyl   b. hydroxyl   c. amino   d. ​methyl   e. carbonyl   ANSWER:   b DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to Function LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.5 – Examine how functional groups influence the properties of an organic compound.

 

8. ​An -NH2 group is a(n) ____ group.   a. ​carboxyl   b. hydroxyl   c. amine   d. methyl   e. carbonyl   ANSWER:   c DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to Function 3.6 Proteins LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.5 – Examine how functional groups influence the properties of an organic compound.

 

​ Figure 3.6B

 

9. The figure above illustrates a ____ reaction that produces one ____ and a ____.   a. condensation; hydroxyl; polymer   b. condensation; water molecule; polymer   c. cleavage; water molecule; monomer   d. rearrangement; water molecule; polymer   e. rearrangement; hydrogen ion; polymer   ANSWER:   b DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to Function LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.5 – Examine how functional groups influence the properties of an organic compound.

 

10. What kind of reaction produces small molecules by cleaving large molecules?   a. ​oxidation   b. ​reduction   c. condensation   d. hydrolysis   e. decarboxylation   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to Function LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.5 – Examine how functional groups influence the properties of an organic compound.

 

11. Which of the following may characterize monosaccharides?   a. ​An amino group   b. Carbon and hydrogen 1:2 ratio   c. A backbone of eight carbon atoms   d. One carbonyl group   e. The presence of glycerol and fatty acids   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

12. Fructose and glucose are both ____.   a. ​six-carbon sugars   b. disaccharides   c. monosaccharides   d. disaccharides and six-carbon sugars   e. monosaccharides and six-carbon sugars   ANSWER:   e DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

13. Oligosaccharides include ____.   a. sucrose only   b. glucose only   c. fructose only   d. lactose only   e. both sucrose and lactose   ANSWER:   e DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

14. Glucose and fructose ____.   a. ​form rings with the same number of carbon atoms   b. have two oxygen atoms as part of their ring structure   c. have identical functional groups   d. contain the same number of hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups   e. form the same polysaccharide molecule   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

15. The sugars in DNA and RNA ____.   a. ​have a different number of carbon atoms   b. have the same structural formulas   c. are the two components of sucrose   d. are monosaccharides   e. are disaccharides   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates 3.8 Nucleic Acids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

16. Sucrose is composed of____.   a. ​two molecules of fructose   b. two molecules of glucose   c. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose   d. ​a molecule of fructose and a molecule of galactose   e. a monosaccharide and a disaccharide   ANSWER:   c DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

17. Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by ____.   a. ​animals   b. plants   c. protists   d. bacteria   e. archaea   ANSWER:   a DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

18. Cellulose is ____.   a. ​a polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants   b. a component of cell membranes   c. an oligosaccharide found in animals   d. formed by hydrolysis of monosaccharides   e. a component of invertebrate exoskeletons   ANSWER:   a DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

19. Which feature is characteristic of all polysaccharides?   a. ​energy usage   b. always branched chains   c. fructose subunits   d. only consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms   e. produced by condensation reactions   ANSWER:   e DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

20. Polysaccharides ____.   a. ​are composed of three linked monosaccharides   b. contain only straight monomer chains   c. are always made of glucose molecules   d. may be insoluble and difficult to break down   e. are formed by cleavage reactions   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

21. Which lipid type does not have fatty acid tails?​   a. ​phospholipids   b. ​polysaccharides   c. ​unsaturated fats   d. ​steroids   e. saturated fats​   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

22. Triglycerides are ____.​   a. ​carbohydrates   b. ​nucleotides   c. ​proteins   d. ​neutral fats   e. amino acids​   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

​ Chapter 3 (page 45)

 

23. In the figure above, the honeycomb on which the bee is standing is made up primarily of ____.​   a. ​carbohydrates   b. ​nucleotides   c. ​proteins   d. ​lipids   e. amino acids​   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

​ Figure 3.10 B

 

24. ​What are the arrows pointing to in the accompanying figure?   a. ​double ionic bonds   b. ​single ionic bonds   c. ​double covalent bonds   d. ​single covalent bonds   e. ​hydrogen bonds   ANSWER:   c DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

25. What type of molecule is shown in the accompanying figure?​   a. ​saturated fatty acid   b. ​unsaturated fatty acid   c. ​triglyceride   d. ​wax   e. steroid​   ANSWER:   b DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

26. Steroids ____.​   a. ​have no fatty-acid component   b. ​consist of three rings   c. ​have the same type of functional groups attached to them   d. ​are a specialized type of wax   e. are a specialized type of phospholipid​   ANSWER:   a DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

27. Cholesterol ____.​   a. ​has a rigid backbone of four nitrogen rings   b. is the most common steroid in animal tissue​   c. is a lipid with a fatty-acid component​   d. ​is needed to inhibit sexual development and maturity   e. is needed to lubricate feathers​   ANSWER:   b DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

28. Which type of lipid is composed of long-chain fatty acids attached to long-chain alcohols?​   a. ​triglycerides   b. ​phospholipids   c. ​sterols   d. ​waxes   e. ​most neutral fats   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

29. Polyunsaturated fats ____.​   a. ​have fewer hydrogen atoms than do saturated fats   b. ​are more characteristic of animal fats than plant fats   c. ​have no double bonds   d. ​are solid at room temperature   e. are gas at room temperature​   ANSWER:   a DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

30. Lipids ____.​   a. ​yield less energy per gram than do carbohydrates   b. ​include cartilage and chitin   c. ​include fats consisting of three fatty-acid molecules and one glycerol molecule   d. ​are composed of monosaccharides   e. are only found in animals​   ANSWER:   c DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.7 – Describe the composition of a lipid molecule.

 

31. All steroids have ____.​   a. ​the same number of double bonds   b. ​one or more fatty acids   c. ​four rings of carbon to which other atoms are attached   d. ​the same functional groups   e. the same number and positions of double bonds​   ANSWER:   c DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

32. The order of amino acids is the ____ structure of proteins.​   a. ​primary   b. ​secondary   c. ​tertiary   d. ​quaternary   e. stereo​   ANSWER:   a DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.6 Proteins LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.9 – Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

 

33. What kind of bonds link amino acids to form the basic sequence of a protein?​   a. ​disulfide   b. ​hydrogen   c. ​ionic   d. ​peptide   e. noncovalent​   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.6 Proteins LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.9 – Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

 

34. The interaction of two or more polypeptide chains in a hemoglobin molecule is its ____ structure.​   a. ​primary   b. ​secondary   c. ​tertiary   d. ​quaternary   e. combined​   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.6 Proteins LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.9 – Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

 

35. A helix is one possible ____ structure of ____.​   a. ​primary; proteins   b. ​primary; carbohydrates   c. ​primary; lipids   d. ​secondary; proteins   e. tertiary; proteins​   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.6 Proteins LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.9 – Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

 

36. What may be a result of the denaturation of proteins?​   a. ​formation of hydrogen bonds   b. ​loss of three-dimensional structure   c. ​removal of R groups from amino acids   d. ​no change in enzyme activity   e. formation of covalent bonds​   ANSWER:   b DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.7 Why Is Protein Structure So Important? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.10 – Outline the negative consequences of an abnormal protein structure.

 

37. Which of the following is found in every nucleotide?​   a. ​ribose   b. ​a single phosphate group   c. ​a single carbon ring   d. ​a double nitrogen ring   e. nitrogen​   ANSWER:   e DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.8 Nucleic Acids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.12 – Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

 

​ Figure 3.18

 

38. The figure above illustrates a(n) ____.​   a. ​guanine nucleotide   b. ​cytosine nucleotide   c. ​thymine nucleotide   d. ​adenine nucleotide   e. uracil nucleotide​   ANSWER:   d DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.8 Nucleic Acids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.12 – Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

 

39. What type of sugar is shown in the figure above?​   a. ​deoxyribose   b. ​ribose   c. ​phosphate   d. ​nitrogenous   e. adenine​   ANSWER:   b DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.8 Nucleic Acids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.12 – Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

 

40. Nucleotides contain what kind of sugars?​   a. ​three-carbon   b. ​four-carbon   c. ​five-carbon   d. ​six-carbon   e. seven-carbon​   ANSWER:   c DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.8 Nucleic Acids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.12 – Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

 

41. Which molecule is incorrectly matched with its monomer?​   a. ​fat; fatty acid   b. ​starch; ribose   c. ​protein; amino acid   d. ​glycogen; glucose   e. nucleic acids; nucleotide​   ANSWER:   b DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES:   3.8 Nucleic Acids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.12 – Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

 

Matching

 

Choose the one most appropriate item from its description. a. ​a six-carbon sugar b. ​found in DNA and RNA c. ​principal components of cell membranes d. ​affect metabolic reaction rates​   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.6 Proteins LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.9 – Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

 

42. ​enzymes​ ANSWER:   d

 

​Choose the one most appropriate item from its description. a. ​a six-carbon sugar b. ​found in DNA and RNA c. ​principal components of cell membranes d. ​affect metabolic reaction rates   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

43. ​glucose ANSWER:   a

 

​Choose the one most appropriate item from its description. a. ​a six-carbon sugar b. ​found in DNA and RNA c. ​principal components of cell membranes d. ​affect metabolic reaction rates   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.8 Nucleic Acids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.12 – Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

 

44. ​nucleotides ANSWER:   b

 

​Choose the one most appropriate item from its description. a. ​a six-carbon sugar b. ​found in DNA and RNA c. ​principal components of cell membranes d. ​affect metabolic reaction rates   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

45. ​phospholipids ANSWER:   c

 

Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group. ​ a. ​-COOH b. ​-CH3 c. ​-NH2 d. ​-OH e. ​ f. ​-PO43- g. ​-CHO   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to Function LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.5 – Examine how functional groups influence the properties of an organic compound.

 

46. ​The amine group ANSWER:   c

 

47. ​The carboxyl group ANSWER:   a

 

48. ​The group that is acidic ANSWER:   a

 

49. ​The aldehyde group in simple sugars ANSWER:   g

 

50. ​The methyl group ANSWER:   b

 

51. ​The hydroxyl group ANSWER:   d

 

52. ​The carbonyl group of simple sugars ANSWER:   e

 

53. ​The group on the amino-terminal end of proteins ANSWER:   c

 

54. ​The group on the carboxyl-terminal end of proteins ANSWER:   a

 

55. ​The group that makes lipid ‘head’s hydrophilic ANSWER:   a

 

56. ​The group typical of energy carriers such as ATP ANSWER:   f

 

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.​ a. ​amino acid b. ​glucose c. ​glycerol d. ​fatty acid e. ​nucleotide   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.6 Proteins LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.9 – Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

 

57. ​the basic unit of proteins ANSWER:   a

 

58. ​the monomers of a polypeptide chain ANSWER:   a

 

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.​ a. ​amino acid b. ​glucose c. ​glycerol d. ​fatty acid e. ​nucleotide   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.8 Nucleic Acids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.12 – Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

 

59. ​the basic unit of DNA ANSWER:   e

 

60. the basic unit of RNA ANSWER:   e

 

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.​ a. ​amino acid b. ​glucose c. ​glycerol d. ​fatty acid e. ​nucleotide   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

61. ​the basic unit of cellulose ANSWER:   b

 

62. ​the basic unit of glycogen ANSWER:   b

 

63. ​the basic unit of starch ANSWER:   b

 

64. ​the hydrophilic component of lipids ANSWER:   c

 

65. ​the hydrophobic component of lipids ANSWER:   d

 

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below. a. ​amino acid b. ​glucose c. ​glycerol d. ​fatty acid e. ​nucleotide   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.7 – Describe the composition of a lipid molecule.

 

66. Which two units combine in various ways to form lipids? a. a and b b. a and c c. b and c d. b and d e. c and d ANSWER:   e

 

Match the molecules below with their functions​ a. ​glycogen b. ​cellulose c. ​starch d. ​phospholipid e. ​wax f. ​steroid g. ​cholesterol h. ​DNA i. ​RNA   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.6 Proteins LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.9 – Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

 

67. ​main storage carbohydrate in animals ANSWER:   a

 

Match the molecules below with their functions​ a. ​glycogen b. ​cellulose c. ​starch d. ​phospholipid e. ​wax f. ​steroid g. ​cholesterol h. ​DNA i. ​RNA   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.8 Nucleic Acids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.12 – Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

 

68. ​active role in protein synthesis ANSWER:   i

 

Match the molecules below with their functions​ a. ​glycogen b. ​cellulose c. ​starch d. ​phospholipid e. ​wax f. ​steroid g. ​cholesterol h. ​DNA i. ​RNA   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

69. main component of cell membranes ANSWER:   d

 

Match the molecules below with their functions​ a. ​glycogen b. ​cellulose c. ​starch d. ​phospholipid e. ​wax f. ​steroid g. ​cholesterol h. ​DNA i. ​RNA   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

70. the main component of plant cell walls ANSWER:   b

 

Match the molecules below with their functions​ a. ​glycogen b. ​cellulose c. ​starch d. ​phospholipid e. ​wax f. ​steroid g. ​cholesterol h. ​DNA i. ​RNA   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

71. softens skin and hair ANSWER:   e

 

Match the molecules below with their functions​ a. ​glycogen b. ​cellulose c. ​starch d. ​phospholipid e. ​wax f. ​steroid g. ​cholesterol h. ​DNA i. ​RNA   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.8 Nucleic Acids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.12 – Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

 

72. ​contains information to build a new cell ANSWER:   h

 

Match the molecules below with their functions​ a. ​glycogen b. ​cellulose c. ​starch d. ​phospholipid e. ​wax f. ​steroid g. ​cholesterol h. ​DNA i. ​RNA   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

73. precursor for important molecules such as bile salts ANSWER:   g

 

Match the molecules below with their functions​ a. ​glycogen b. ​cellulose c. ​starch d. ​phospholipid e. ​wax f. ​steroid g. ​cholesterol h. ​DNA i. ​RNA   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

74. main storage carbohydrate in plants ANSWER:   c

 

Match the molecules below with their functions​ a. ​glycogen b. ​cellulose c. ​starch d. ​phospholipid e. ​wax f. ​steroid g. ​cholesterol h. ​DNA i. ​RNA   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

75. ​responsible for sexual development ANSWER:   f

 

Choose the monomer with its polymer.​ a. ​glucose b. ​nucleotide c. ​fatty acid d. ​amino acid   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.6 Proteins LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.9 – Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

 

76. ​hemoglobin ANSWER:   d

 

Choose the monomer with its polymer.​ a. ​glucose b. ​nucleotide c. ​fatty acid d. ​amino acid   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

77. ​triglyceride ANSWER:   c

 

Choose the monomer with its polymer.​ a. ​glucose b. ​nucleotide c. ​fatty acid d. ​amino acid   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.8 Nucleic Acids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.12 – Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

 

78. DNA ANSWER:   b

 

Choose the monomer with its polymer.​ a. ​glucose b. ​nucleotide c. ​fatty acid d. ​amino acid   DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

79. starch ANSWER:   a

 

Completion

 

80. A(n) _____________________ is a term given to a macromolecule (large molecule) made up of individual subunits.​ ANSWER:   polymer​ DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.2 Organic Molecules LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.4 – Recognize the importance of organic compounds in biological systems.

 

81. Write the empirical formula for a carbohydrate.​ ANSWER:   (CH2O)n​ DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

82. A denatured protein has lost its _____________________.​ ANSWER:   3D structure three dimensional structure DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   3.7 Why Is Protein Structure So Important? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.10 – Outline the negative consequences of an abnormal protein structure.

 

83. A lipid _____________________ is the most common conformation of the membrane of living systems.​ ANSWER:   bilayer​ DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

Subjective Short Answer

 

84. In biology, many complementary processes exist. Explain how condensation reactions are complementary to hydrolysis reactions.​ ANSWER:   In condensation reactions, a hydroxyl ion is removed from one reactant while a hydrogen ion is removed from the other (collectively forming water).  This allows the two reactants to bind.  In hydrolysis reactions, reactants are separated by adding a hydroxyl ion to one reactant and a hydrogen ion to the other, using a water molecule.​ DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to Function LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.4 – Recognize the importance of organic compounds in biological systems.

 

85. How are cellulose and starch similar and how do they differ?​ ANSWER:   Both cellulose and starch are complex carbohydrates, i.e., long chains of monomers. Both are found in plants. However, cellulose is a structural molecule that is not easily digested (hydrolyzed), while starch is an energy-storage molecule that is easily hydrolyzed.​ DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES:   3.4 Carbohydrates LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.6 – Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

 

86. What property of phospholipids allows them to form cell membranes?​ ANSWER:   Phospholipids have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. The hydrophilic phosphate end interacts well with the watery environment outside and inside the cell, while the hydrophobic fatty acid tails form the middle of the phospholipid bilayer.​ DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   3.5 Lipids LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.8 – Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

 

87. Explain why vigorous exercise in warm weather could be hazardous to your enzymes.​ ANSWER:   For enzymes, a class of proteins, to function properly them must retain their proper structure. Heat is capable of denaturing proteins, or altering their mature structure. Extreme exercise in hot weather can cause the body to overheat and denature the enzymes. Great care should be taken to avoid overheating!​ DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES:   3.7 Why Is Protein Structure So Important? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.3.10 – Outline the negative consequences of an abnormal protein structure.

 

 

Chapter_04_Cell_Structure_and_Function   Multiple Choice

 

1. Bacteria in the intestinal tract assist their hosts by ____.​   a. ​helping with digestion   b. ​eating other bacteria   c. ​producing minerals reptiles cannot   d. ​producing stomach acid   e. ​encouraging the growth of pathogens   ANSWER:   a DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   4.1 Food for Thought LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.4.1 – Examine the ill-effects of Escherichia coli on humans.

 

2. As few as ____ toxic Escherichia coli cells can cause disease.​   a. ​one   b. ​10   c. ​100   d. ​1000   e. ​10,000   ANSWER:   b DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   4.1 Food for Thought LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.4.1 – Examine the ill-effects of Escherichia coli on humans.

 

3. Who was the first person acknowledged to have seen living, moving cells by using a microscope?​   a. ​Robert Hooke   b. ​Robert Brown   c. ​Galileo Galilee   d. ​Rudolf Virchow   e. ​Anton van Leeuwenhoek   ANSWER:   e DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   4.2 What Is A Cell? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.4.2 – Examine the principles of cell theory.

 

4. One generalization of the cell theory is that ____.​   a. ​all cells have a nucleus   b. ​all cells have cell walls   c. ​the cell is the smallest unit that displays the properties of life   d. ​cells can arise from nonliving matter   e. ​all cells are microscopic   ANSWER:   c DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   4.2 What Is A Cell? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.4.2 – Examine the principles of cell theory.

 

5. What components of membranes are the most abundant?​   a. ​carbohydrates   b. ​sterols   c. ​proteins   d. ​fats   e. ​phospholipids   ANSWER:   e DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember REFERENCES:   4.2 What Is A Cell? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.4.3 – Describe the components of a cell using a diagram.

 

6. When a cell expands in diameter, volume increases by the ____ of the diameter, and surface area increases by the____ of the diameter.​   a. ​square; square   b. ​square; cube   c. ​cube; square   d. ​cube; cube   e. ​square root; square root   ANSWER:   c DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   4.2 What Is A Cell? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.4.3 – Describe the components of a cell using a diagram.

 

7. What is a tenet of the cell theory?​   a. ​All organisms consist of more than one cell.   b. ​The cell is the smallest unit that retains the characteristics of life.   c. ​Each cell makes its own hereditary material.   d. ​Each cell is composed only of products that it manufactures.   e. ​Cells may arise spontaneously under certain laboratory conditions.   ANSWER:   b DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES:   4.2 What Is A Cell? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   UDOL.STES.16.4.2 – Examine the principles of cell theory.