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Sample Test

Campbell Biology, Cdn. Ed., 2e (Reece et al.)

Chapter 3   Water and Life

 

1) In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by

1.   A) hydrogen bonds.

2.   B) nonpolar covalent bonds.

3.   C) polar covalent bonds.

4.   D) ionic bonds.

5.   E) van der Waals interactions.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

2) The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?

1.   A) a covalent bond

2.   B) a hydrogen bond

3.   C) an ionic bond

4.   D) a hydrophilic bond

5.   E) a van der Waals interaction

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

3) The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because

1.   A) the oxygen atom acquires an additional electron.

2.   B) the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus.

3.   C) the oxygen atom has two pairs of electrons in its valence shell that are not neutralized by hydrogen atoms.

4.   D) the oxygen atom forms hybrid orbitals that distribute electrons unequally around the oxygen nucleus.

5.   E) one of the hydrogen atoms donates an electron to the oxygen atom.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

4) Sulphur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen, but has electronegativity similar to carbon. Compared to water molecules, molecules of H2S

1.   A) will ionize more readily.

2.   B) will have greater cohesion to other molecules of H2S.

3.   C) will have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other.

4.   D) will have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature.

5.   E) will not form hydrogen bonds with each other.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.1

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

5) Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with

1.   A) compounds that have polar covalent bonds.

2.   B) oils.

3.   C) oxygen gas (O2) molecules.

4.   D) chloride ions.

5.   E) any compound that is not soluble in water.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.1

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

6) Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

1.   A) Lakes don’t freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures.

2.   B) A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond.

3.   C) Organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions.

4.   D) Evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to keep people from overheating.

5.   E) Water flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

7) Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink?

1.   A) Molecular collisions in the drink increase.

2.   B) Kinetic energy in the drink decreases.

3.   C) A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink.

4.   D) The specific heat of the water in the drink decreases.

5.   E) Evaporation of the water in the drink increases.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

 

8) A dietary calorie equals 1 kilocalorie. Which of the following statements correctly defines 1 kilocalorie?

1.   A) 1000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1000°C

2.   B) 100 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 1°C

3.   C) 10 000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°F

4.   D) 1000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C

5.   E) 1000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 100°C

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

9) The nutritional information on a cereal box shows that one serving of a dry cereal has 200 kilocalories. If one were to burn one serving of the cereal, the amount of heat given off would be sufficient to raise the temperature of 20 kg of water how many degrees Celsius?

1.   A) 0.2°C

2.   B) 1.0°C

3.   C) 2.0°C

4.   D) 10.0°C

5.   E) 20.0°C

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

10) Which of the following can be attributed to water’s high specific heat?

1.   A) Oil and water do not mix well.

2.   B) A lake heats up more slowly than the air around it.

3.   C) Ice floats on water.

4.   D) Sugar dissolves in hot tea faster than in iced tea.

5.   E) We experience a cooling effect when we sweat.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

 

11) Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?

1.   A) ionic bonds

2.   B) both hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds

3.   C) polar covalent bonds

4.   D) hydrogen bonds

5.   E) both polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

12) Temperature usually increases when water condenses. Which behaviour of water is most directly responsible for this phenomenon?

1.   A) the change in density when it condenses to form a liquid or solid

2.   B) reactions with other atmospheric compounds

3.   C) the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds

4.   D) the release of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds

5.   E) the high surface tension of water

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

13) Why does evaporation of water from a surface cause cooling of the surface?

1.   A) The breaking of bonds between water molecules absorbs heat.

2.   B) The water molecules with the most heat energy evaporate more readily.

3.   C) The solute molecules left behind absorb heat.

4.   D) Water molecules absorb heat from the surface in order to acquire enough energy to evaporate.

5.   E) The expansion of water vapor extracts heat from the surface.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

14) Why does ice float in liquid water?

1.   A) The high surface tension of liquid water keeps the ice on top.

2.   B) The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking.

3.   C) Ice always has air bubbles that keep it afloat.

4.   D) Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water.

5.   E) The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

 

15) Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are

1.   A) nonpolar substances that repel water molecules.

2.   B) nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules.

3.   C) polar substances that repel water molecules.

4.   D) polar substances that have an affinity for water.

5.   E) charged molecules that hydrogen-bond with water molecules.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

16) One mole (mol) of glucose (molecular mass = 180 daltons) is

1.   A) 180 × 1023 molecules of glucose.

2.   B) 1 kg of glucose dissolved in 1 L of solution.

3.   C) the largest amount of glucose that can be dissolved in 1 L of solution.

4.   D) 180 kilograms of glucose.

5.   E) both 180 grams of glucose and 6.02 × 1023 molecules of glucose.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

17) How many molecules of glucose (C6H12O6 molecular mass = 180 daltons) would be present in 90 grams of glucose?

1.   A) 90 × 1023

2.   B) (6.02/180) × 1023

3.   C) (6.02/90) × 1023

4.   D) (90 × 6.02) × 1023

5.   E) (90/180) × 6.02 × 1023

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

18) How many molecules of glycerol would be present in 1 L of a 1 M glycerol solution?

1.   A) 1 × 106

2.   B) 14 × 6.02 × 1023

3.   C) 92 × 6.02 × 1023

4.   D) 6.02 × 1026

5.   E) 6.02 × 1023

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

19) When an ionic compound such as sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed in water, the component atoms of the NaCl crystal dissociate into individual sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-). In contrast, the atoms of covalently bonded molecules (e.g., glucose, sucrose, glycerol) do not generally dissociate when placed in aqueous solution. Which of the following solutions would be expected to contain the greatest number of solute particles (molecules or ions)?

1.   A) 1 L of 0.5 M NaCl

2.   B) 1 L of 0.5 M glucose

3.   C) 1 L of 1.0 M NaCl

4.   D) 1 L of 1.0 M glucose

5.   E) 1 L of 1.0 M NaCl and 1 L of 1.0 M glucose will contain equal numbers of solute particles.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

20) The molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol. Which of the following procedures should you carry out to make a 1 M solution of glucose?

1.   A) Dissolve 1 g of glucose in 1 L of water.

2.   B) Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 1 L of water.

3.   C) Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 180 g of water.

4.   D) Dissolve 180 milligrams (mg) of glucose in 1 L of water.

5.   E) Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 0.8 L of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is 1 L.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

21) The molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol. Which of the following procedures should you carry out to make a 0.5 M solution of glucose?

1.   A) Dissolve 0.5 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of solution is 1 L.

2.   B) Dissolve 90 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is 1 L.

3.   C) Dissolve 180 g of glucose in a small volume of water, and then add more water until the total volume of the solution is 1 L.

4.   D) Dissolve 0.5 g of glucose in 1 L of water.

5.   E) Dissolve 180 g of glucose in 0.5 L of water.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

 

22) You have a freshly prepared 0.1 M solution of glucose in water. Each litre of this solution contains how many glucose molecules?

6.   A) 6.02 × 1023

7.   B) 3.01 × 1023

8.   C) 6.02 × 1024

9.   D) 12.04 × 1023

10.                E) 6.02 × 1022

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

23) The molecular weight of water is 18 daltons. What is the molarity of 1 litre of pure water? (Hint: What is the mass of 1 litre of pure water?)

55.                A) 55.6 M

56.                B) 18 M

57.                C) 37 M

58.                D) 0.66 M

59.                E) 1.0 M

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

24) You have a freshly prepared 1 M solution of glucose in water. You carefully pour out a 100 mL sample of that solution. How many glucose molecules are included in that 100 mL sample?

6.   A) 6.02 × 1023

7.   B) 3.01 × 1023

8.   C) 6.02 × 1024

9.   D) 12.04 × 1023

10.                E) 6.02 × 1022

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

25) A strong acid like HCl

1.   A) ionizes completely in an aqueous solution.

2.   B) increases the pH when added to an aqueous solution.

3.   C) reacts with strong bases to create a buffered solution.

4.   D) is a strong buffer at low pH.

5.   E) both ionizes completely in aqueous solutions and is a strong buffer at low pH.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

26) Which of the following ionizes completely in solution and is considered to be a strong base (alkali)?

1.   A) NaCl

2.   B) HCl

3.   C) NH3

4.   D) H2CO3

5.   E) NaOH

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

27) A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2. What can you conclude about this substance?

1.   A) It is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water.

2.   B) It is a strong base that ionizes completely in water.

3.   C) It is a weak acid.

4.   D) It is a weak base.

5.   E) It is neither an acid nor a base.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

28) In living systems molecules involved in hydrogen bonding almost always contain either oxygen or nitrogen or both. How do you explain this phenomenon?

1.   A) Oxygen and nitrogen are elements found in both nucleic acids and proteins.

2.   B) Oxygen and nitrogen are elements with very high attractions for their electrons.

3.   C) Oxygen and nitrogen are elements found in fats and carbohydrates.

4.   D) Oxygen and nitrogen were both components of gases that made up the early atmosphere on Earth.

5.   E) Oxygen and nitrogen have valence electrons.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.1

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

29) A solution contains 0.0000001 (10-7) moles of hydroxyl ions [OH-] per litre. Which of the following best describes this solution?

1.   A) acidic: H+ acceptor

2.   B) basic: H+ acceptor

3.   C) acidic: H+ donor

4.   D) basic: H+ donor

5.   E) neutral

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

30) What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion [OH-] concentration of 10-12 M?

1.   A) pH 2

2.   B) pH 4

3.   C) pH 10

4.   D) pH 12

5.   E) pH 14

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

31) What is the pH of a 1 millimolar NaOH solution?

1.   A) pH 3

2.   B) pH 8

3.   C) pH 9

4.   D) pH 10

5.   E) pH 11

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

32) Which of the following solutions would require the greatest amount of base to be added to bring the solution to neutral pH?

1.   A) gastric juice at pH 2

2.   B) vinegar at pH 3

3.   C) tomato juice at pH 4

4.   D) black coffee at pH 5

5.   E) household bleach at pH 12

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

33) What is the hydrogen ion [H+] concentration of a solution of pH 8?

1.   A) 8 M

2.   B) 8 x 10-6 M

3.   C) 0.01 M

4.   D) 10-8 M

5.   E) 10-6 M

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

34) If the pH of a solution is decreased from 9 to 8, it means that the

9.   A) concentration of H+ has decreased to one-tenth (1/10) what it was at pH 9.

10.                B) concentration of H+ has increased tenfold (10X) compared to what it was at pH 9.

11.                C) concentration of OH- has increased tenfold (10X) compared to what it was at pH 9.

12.                D) concentration of OH- has decreased to one-tenth (1/10) what it was at pH 9.

13.                E) concentration of H+ has increased tenfold (10X) and the concentration of OH- has decreased to one-tenth (1/10) what they were at pH 9.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

35) If the pH of a solution is increased from pH 5 to pH 7, it means that the

5.   A) concentration of H+ is twice (2X) what it was at pH 5.

6.   B) concentration of H+ is one-half (1/2) what it was at pH 5.

7.   C) concentration of OH- is 100 times greater than what it was at pH 5.

8.   D) concentration of OH- is one-hundredth (0.01X) what it was at pH 5.

9.   E) concentration of H+ is 100 times greater and the concentration of OH- is one-hundredth what they were at pH 5.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

 

36) One litre of a solution of pH 2 has how many more hydrogen ions (H+) than 1 L of a solution of pH 6?

1.   A) 4 times more

2.   B) 16 times more

3.   C) 40 000 times more

4.   D) 10 000 times more

5.   E) 100 000 times more

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

37) One litre of a solution of pH 9 has how many more hydroxyl ions (OH-) than 1 L of a solution of pH 4?

1.   A) 5 times more

2.   B) 32 times more

3.   C) 50 000 times more

4.   D) 10 000 times more

5.   E) 100 000 times more

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

38) Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions?

1.   A) They maintain a constant pH when bases are added to them but not when acids are added to them.

2.   B) They maintain a constant pH when acids are added to them but not when bases are added to them.

3.   C) They maintain a relatively constant pH of approximately 7 when either acids or bases are added to them.

4.   D) They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them.

5.   E) They are found only in living systems and biological fluids.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

39) Buffers are substances that help resist shifts in pH by

1.   A) releasing H+ to a solution when acids are added.

2.   B) donating H+ to a solution when bases are added.

3.   C) releasing OH- to a solution when bases are added.

4.   D) accepting H+ from a solution when acids are added.

5.   E) both donating H+ to a solution when bases are added, and accepting H+ when acids are added.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

40) One of the buffers that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). Thus,

H2CO3 ↔ HCO3- + H+

If the pH of the blood drops, one would expect

1.   A) a decrease in the concentration of H2CO3 and an increase in the concentration of HCO3-.

2.   B) the concentration of hydroxide ion (OH-) to increase.

3.   C) the concentration of bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) to increase.

4.   D) the HCO3- to act as a base and remove excess H+ with the formation of H2CO3.

5.   E) the HCO3- to act as an acid and remove excess H+ with the formation of H2CO3.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

41) One of the buffers that contributes to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that, when placed in an aqueous solution, dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). Thus, H2CO3 ↔ HCO3- + H+

If the pH of the blood increases, one would expect

1.   A) a decrease in the concentration of H2CO3 and an increase in the concentration of HCO3-.

2.   B) an increase in the concentration of H2CO3 and a decrease in the concentration of HCO3-.

3.   C) a decrease in the concentration of HCO3- and an increase in the concentration of H+.

4.   D) an increase in the concentration of HCO3- and a decrease in the concentration of OH-.

5.   E) a decrease in the concentration of HCO3- and an increase in the concentration of both H2CO3 and H+.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

42) Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular lake to pH 4.0. What is the hydroxyl ion concentration of this lake?

1.   A) 1 × 10-10 mol of hydroxyl ion per litre of lake water

2.   B) 1 × 10-4 mol of hydroxyl ion per litre of lake water

3.   C) 10.0 M with regard to hydroxyl ion concentration

4.   D) 4.0 M with regard to hydroxyl ion concentration

5.   E) 1 × 10-4 mol of hydroxyl ion per litre of lake water and 4.0 M with regard to hydrogen ion concentration

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

43) Research indicates that acid precipitation can damage living organisms by

1.   A) buffering aquatic systems such as lakes and streams.

2.   B) decreasing the H+ concentration of lakes and streams.

3.   C) increasing the OH- concentration of lakes and streams.

4.   D) washing away certain mineral ions that help buffer soil solution and are essential nutrients for plant growth.

5.   E) both decreasing the H+ concentration of lakes and streams and increasing the OH- concentration of lakes and streams.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

44) Consider two solutions: solution X has a pH of 4; solution Y has a pH of 7. From this information, we can reasonably conclude that

1.   A) solution Y has no free hydrogen ions (H+).

2.   B) the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 30 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y.

3.   C) the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y is 1000 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X.

4.   D) the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 3 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y.

5.   E) the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 1000 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

 

45) If a solution has a pH of 7, this means that

1.   A) there are no H+ ions in the water.

2.   B) this is a solution of pure water.

3.   C) the concentration of H+ ions in the water equals the concentration of OH- ions in the water.

4.   D) this is a solution of pure water, and the concentration of H+ ions in the water is 10-7 M.

5.   E) this is a solution of pure water, and the concentration of H+ ions equals the concentration of OH- ions in the water.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

46) Carbon dioxide (CO2) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid. Respiring cells release CO2 into the bloodstream. What will be the effect on pH of blood as that blood first comes in contact with respiring cells?

1.   A) Blood pH will decrease slightly.

2.   B) Blood pH will increase slightly.

3.   C) Blood pH will remain unchanged.

4.   D) Blood pH will first increase, then decrease as CO2 combines with hemoglobin.

5.   E) Blood pH will first decrease, then increase sharply as CO2 combines with hemoglobin.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

47) A beaker contains 100 mL of NaOH solution at pH = 13. A technician carefully pours into the beaker 10 mL of HCl at pH = 1. Which of the following statements correctly describes the results of this mixing?

1.   A) The concentration of Na+ ion rises.

2.   B) The concentration of Cl- ion will be 0.1 M.

3.   C) The concentration of undissociated H2O molecules remains unchanged.

4.   D) The pH of the beaker’s contents will be neutral.

5.   E) The pH of the beaker’s contents falls.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

 

48) Equal volumes (5 mL) of vinegar from a freshly opened bottle are added to each of the following solutions. After complete mixing, which of the mixtures will have the highest pH?

1.   A) 100 mL of pure water

2.   B) 100 mL of freshly brewed coffee

3.   C) 100 mL of household cleanser containing 0.5 M ammonia

4.   D) 100 mL of freshly squeezed orange juice

5.   E) 100 mL of tomato juice

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

49) Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations might have what effect on sea water?

1.   A) Sea water will become more acidic, and bicarbonate concentrations will decrease.

2.   B) Sea water will become more alkaline, and carbonate concentrations will decrease.

3.   C) There will be no change in the pH of sea water, because carbonate will turn to bicarbonate.

4.   D) Sea water will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will decrease.

5.   E) Sea water will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will increase.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

50) How would acidification of sea water affect marine organisms?

1.   A) Acidification would increase dissolved carbonate concentrations and promote faster growth of corals and shell-building animals.

2.   B) Acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and promote faster growth of corals and shell-building animals.

3.   C) Acidification would increase dissolved carbonate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and shell-building animals.

4.   D) Acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and shell-building animals.

5.   E) Acidification would increase dissolved bicarbonate concentrations, and cause increased calcification of corals and shellfish.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

51) One idea to mitigate the effects of burning fossil fuels on atmospheric CO2 concentrations is to pipe liquid CO2 into the ocean at depths of 2500 feet or greater. At the high pressures at such depths, CO2 is heavier than water. What potential effects might result from implementing such a scheme?

1.   A) increased photosynthetic carbon fixation because of the increased dissolved carbon dioxide in the deep water

2.   B) increased carbonate concentrations in the deep waters

3.   C) reduced growth of corals from a change in the carbonate-bicarbonate equilibrium

4.   D) no effect because carbon dioxide is not soluble in water

5.   E) both increased acidity of the deep waters and changes in the growth of bottom-dwelling organisms with calcium carbonate shells

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

52) If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, this means that

1.   A) the concentration of H+ ions is tenfold higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix.

2.   B) the concentration of H+ ions is tenfold higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the cytoplasm.

3.   C) the concentration of H+ ions in the cytoplasm is 7/8 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix.

4.   D) the mitochondrial matrix is more acidic than the cytoplasm.

5.   E) the concentration of H+ ions in the cytoplasm is 8/7 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

53) The only common substance on earth, which occurs naturally in all three physical states, is

1.   A) oxygen.

2.   B) carbon.

3.   C) nitrogen.

4.   D) sodium chloride.

5.   E) water.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Introduction to Chapter 3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

54) Plants transport water through their vascular system utilizing what property of water?

1.   A) Hydrogen bonds allowing for surface tension.

2.   B) Hydrogen bonds allowing for increased structure of water.

3.   C) Hydrogen bonds allowing for adhesion and cohesion of molecules.

4.   D) Evaporative cooling.

5.   E) Its ability to function as a solvent.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

55) Hydrogen bonding in water is a result of

1.   A) the electronegativity of hydrogen atoms.

2.   B) the electronegativity of oxygen creating partially positive hydrogen atoms.

3.   C) the single electron in hydrogen, allowing for covalent bonds with other molecules.

4.   D) the linear shape of the water molecule.

5.   E) the ionic charge of water.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

56) Coastal regions tend to have more moderate climates than land-locked areas due to the

1.   A) high specific heat of water.

2.   B) heat of vaporization of water.

3.   C) amount of solutes in ocean water.

4.   D) high thermal energy in the atmosphere.

5.   E) latitude on which it is dependent; landmass has no effect.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

57) The reason water has a high specific heat is that

1.   A) the adhesive property of water resists heat absorption.

2.   B) ionic bonds require a lot of energy to be broken.

3.   C) a lot of heat needs to be absorbed to disrupt hydrogen bonds.

4.   D) the covalent bonds resist splitting.

5.   E) water cools very quickly.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

58) Water is densest at

1.   A) -4°C.

2.   B) 0°C.

3.   C) 2°C.

4.   D) 4°C.

5.   E) 8°C.

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

59) What is the major area of biological concern regarding acidification of the oceans?

1.   A) They will become too acidic for life.

2.   B) There will not be enough carbonate available for organisms to make calcium carbonate.

3.   C) There will be too much bicarbonate, making the oceans basic.

4.   D) There will be too much CO2 released back into the atmosphere.

5.   E) They will become too polluted for human use.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

60) The biological significance of water being its densest at 4°C is that

1.   A) bodies of water do not freeze solid.

2.   B) floating ice allows for a solid surface in open water.

3.   C) ice functions as a protective barrier in ponds and lakes.

4.   D) organisms are best adapted to 4°C.

5.   E) oceans are never colder than 4°C.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

 

61) Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted here is most likely

1.   A) positively charged.

2.   B) negatively charged.

3.   C) without charge.

4.   D) hydrophobic.

5.   E) nonpolar.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.1

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.

 

 

 

62) How many grams would be equal to 1 mol of the compound shown in the figure above?

(carbon = 12, oxygen = 16, hydrogen = 1)

1.   A) 29

2.   B) 30

3.   C) 60

4.   D) 150

5.   E) 342

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

63) How many grams of the compound in the figure above would be required to make 1 L of a 0.5 M solution?

(carbon = 12, oxygen = 16, hydrogen = 1)

1.   A) 29

2.   B) 30

3.   C) 60

4.   D) 150

5.   E) 342

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

64) How many grams of the compound in the figure above would be required to make 2.5 L of a 1 M solution?

(carbon = 12, oxygen = 16, hydrogen = 1)

1.   A) 29

2.   B) 30

3.   C) 60

4.   D) 150

5.   E) 342

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

65) A small birthday candle is weighed, then lighted and placed beneath a metal can containing 100 mL of water. Careful records are kept as the temperature of the water rises. Data from this experiment are shown on the graph. What amount of heat energy is released in the burning of candle wax?

 

 

1.   A) 2092 joules per gram of wax burned

2.   B) 20 920 joules per gram of wax burned

3.   C) 41 840 joules per gram of wax burned

4.   D) 83 680 joules per gram of wax burned

5.   E) 209 200 joules per gram of wax burned

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

 

66) Identical heat lamps are arranged to shine on identical containers of water and methanol (wood alcohol), so that each liquid absorbs the same amount of energy minute by minute. The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. Which of the following graphs correctly describes what will happen to the temperature of the water and the methanol?

A)

 

B)

 

C)

 

D)

 

 

E)

 

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

67) Which of these molecules would be soluble in water?

A)

 

B)

 

C)

 

D)

 

1.   E) Both of these molecules

 

 

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

68) Carbon dioxide (CO2) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid. If CO2 is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results?

A)

 

B)

 

C)

 

D)

 

 

E)

 

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

69) You have two beakers. One contains pure water; the other contains pure methanol (wood alcohol). The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. You pour crystals of table salt (NaCl) into each beaker. Predict what will happen.

1.   A) Equal amounts of NaCl crystals will dissolve in both water and methanol.

2.   B) NaCl crystals will NOT dissolve in either water or methanol.

3.   C) NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol.

4.   D) NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in methanol but will not dissolve in water.

5.   E) When the first crystals of NaCl are added to water or to methanol, they will not dissolve; but as more crystals are added, the crystals will begin to dissolve faster and faster.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

70) You have two beakers. One contains a solution of HCl at pH = 1.0. The other contains a solution of NaOH at pH = 13. Into a third beaker, you slowly and cautiously pour 20 mL of the HCl and 20 mL of the NaOH. After complete stirring, the pH of the mixture will be

2.   A) 2.0.

3.   B) 12.0.

4.   C) 7.0.

5.   D) 5.0.

6.   E) 9.0.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

Use the following information to answer the questions below.

 

You live in Atlantic Canada and you are Skyping a friend in Manitoba. You are both complaining about the weather as both regions are being subjected to the same arctic air mass. As you discuss it, however, it becomes clear that she is experiencing a bitter cold that you are not. You realize that you had pretty much the same conversation last summer when it was much hotter in Manitoba than at home.

 

71) The best explanation for this difference is that

1.   A) your climate is moderated by the Atlantic Ocean.

2.   B) it is just much colder in the middle of the country.

3.   C) it rains more in central Canada.

4.   D) your friend just doesn’t adjust well to changes in temperature.

5.   E) she must be at a higher latitude.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

72) This phenomenon is due to

1.   A) solar energy at different latitudes.

2.   B) evolutionary adaptation to different climates.

3.   C) rate of vaporization.

4.   D) land freezing before water and thus land masses are colder.

5.   E) specific heat of water.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

73) Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

1.   A) water’s change in density when it condenses

2.   B) water’s ability to dissolve molecules in the air

3.   C) the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds

4.   D) the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds

5.   E) water’s high surface tension

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

74) The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are

1.   A) ionic bonds.

2.   B) hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

3.   C) covalent bonds between atoms within water molecules.

4.   D) polar covalent bonds.

5.   E) nonpolar covalent bonds.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

75) Which of the following is a hydrophobic material?

1.   A) paper

2.   B) table salt

3.   C) wax

4.   D) sugar

5.   E) pasta

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

76) We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their

1.   A) mass in daltons.

2.   B) mass in grams.

3.   C) volume.

4.   D) number of atoms.

5.   E) number of molecules.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

77) Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?

4.   A) 4.0 M

5.   B) 10-10 M

6.   C) 10-4 M

7.   D) 104 M

8.   E) 4%

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

78) Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the lake?

1.   A) 10-10 M

2.   B) 10-4 M

3.   C) 10-7 M

4.   D) 10-14 M

5.   E) 10 M

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

79) A slice of pizza has 2092 kJ. If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: A litre of cold water weighs about 1 kg.)

1.   A) 50°C

2.   B) 5°C

3.   C) 1°C

4.   D) 100°C

5.   E) 10°C

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

80) How many grams of acetic acid (C2H4O2) would you use to make 10 L of a 0.1 M aqueous solution of acetic acid? (Note: The atomic masses, in daltons, are approximately 12 for carbon, 1 for hydrogen, and 16 for oxygen.)

1.   A) 10 g

2.   B) 0.1 g

3.   C) 6.0 g

4.   D) 60 g

5.   E) 0.6 g

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  End-of-Chapter Questions

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

 

81) Which of the following is a property of liquid water? Liquid water ________.

1.   A) is less dense than ice

2.   B) has a specific heat that is lower than that for most other substances

3.   C) has a heat of vaporization that is higher than that for most other substances

4.   D) is nonpolar

5.   E) is ionic

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

82) Rank, from low to high, the pH of blood, stomach acid, and urine.

1.   A) blood, urine, and stomach acid

2.   B) stomach acid, blood, and urine

3.   C) urine, blood, stomach acid

4.   D) stomach acid, urine, blood

5.   E) stomach acid, urine and blood have a similar neutral pH

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

83) The cities of Vancouver, Canada, and Regina, Saskatchewan, are at about the same latitude, but Regina has much hotter summers and much colder winters than Vancouver. Why?

1.   A) They are not at the same exact latitude.

2.   B) The ocean near Vancouver moderates the temperature.

3.   C) Fresh water is more likely to freeze than salt water.

4.   D) Regina is much windier, due to its location in Canada.

5.   E) Vancouver experiences more chinook winds.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

84) To act as an effective coolant in a car’s radiator, a substance has to have the capacity to absorb a great deal of heat. You have a reference book with tables listing the physical properties of many liquids. In choosing a coolant for your car, which table would you check first?

1.   A) pH

2.   B) density at room temperature

3.   C) heat of vaporization

4.   D) specific heat

5.   E) volume

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

85) Water has many exceptional and useful properties. Which is the rarest property among compounds?

1.   A) Water is a solvent.

2.   B) Solid water is less dense than liquid water.

3.   C) Water has a high heat capacity.

4.   D) Water has a high surface tension.

5.   E) Water has a high heat of evaporation.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

86) A solution with a pH of 7 has how many more protons in it than a solution with a pH of 9?

1.   A) 2 times

2.   B) 5 times

3.   C) 10 times

4.   D) 100 times

5.   E) 1000 times

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

87) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: What would be the effect of adding additional H2CO3?

1.   A) It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the right.

2.   B) It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the left.

3.   C) Nothing would happen, because the reactants and products are in equilibrium.

4.   D) The amounts of CO2 and H2O would decrease.

5.   E) H+ will form.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

 

88) The loss of water from a plant by transpiration cools the leaf. Movement of water in transpiration requires both adhesion to the conducting walls and wood fibers of the plant and cohesion of the molecules to each other. A scientist wanted to increase the rate of transpiration of a crop species to extend its range into warmer climates. The scientist substituted a nonpolar solution with an atomic mass similar to that of water for hydrating the plants. What do you expect the scientist’s data will indicate from this experiment?

1.   A) The rate of transpiration will be the same for both water and the nonpolar substance.

2.   B) The rate of transpiration will be slightly lower with the nonpolar substance as the plant will not have evolved with the nonpolar compound.

3.   C) Transpiration rates will fall to zero as nonpolar compounds do not have the properties necessary for adhesion and cohesion.

4.   D) Transpiration rates will increase as nonpolar compounds undergo adhesion and cohesion with wood fibers more readily than water.

5.   E) Transpiration will rise quickly, fall, and then reach an intermediate level as the plants move from transpiring water to the non-polar solution.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.3

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

89) Which of the following correctly describes the formation of hydrogen bonds in water?

1.   A) Hydrogen bonds are almost as strong as a covalent bond.

2.   B) The hydrogen bonds organize water molecules into a higher level of structural order.

3.   C) Each water molecule will tend to form hydrogen bonds repeatedly with the same partner.

4.   D) Only a small fraction of the molecules in water molecules will be involved in hydrogen bonds at any given instant.

5.   E) The hydrogen bonds that forms between adjacent water molecules remain intact for several seconds.

Answer: B

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

90) Which of the following correctly describes thermal energy?

1.   A) Thermal energy is defined as temperature.

2.   B) Thermal energy is the controlled energy of motion.

3.   C) Thermal energy is the random movement of molecules.

4.   D) Thermal energy is not dependent on volume.

5.   E) Thermal energy is the energy possessed based on position relative to others.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

91) Which of the following has the most thermal energy?

1.   A) a boiling cup of coffee

2.   B) a swimming pool at 28°C

3.   C) a hot tub at 37°C

4.   D) the Pacific ocean

5.   E) Lake Erie

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

92) When snow falls on Lake Superior how are the snow’s water molecules impacted?

1.   A) They absorb thermal energy.

2.   B) They decrease their motion.

3.   C) They increase their potential energy.

4.   D) They release kinetic energy.

5.   E) They move less randomly.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 3.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

Campbell Biology, Cdn. Ed., 2e (Reece et al.)

Chapter 4   Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

 

1) The element present in all organic molecules is

1.   A) hydrogen.

2.   B) oxygen.

3.   C) carbon.

4.   D) nitrogen.

5.   E) phosphorus.

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

2) The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to

1.   A) the chemical versatility of carbon atoms.

2.   B) the variety of rare elements in organic molecules.

3.   C) the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms.

4.   D) their interaction with water.

5.   E) their tremendously large sizes.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

3) The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

1.   A) simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms.

2.   B) a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods.

3.   C) although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods.

4.   D) living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products.

5.   E) living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

4) Differences among organisms are caused by

1.   A) large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism.

2.   B) differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism.

3.   C) differences in the elements that bond with carbon in each organism.

4.   D) differences in the sizes of the organic molecules in each organism.

5.   E) differences in inorganic compounds present in each organism.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.1

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

5) Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound, urea, from inorganic starting materials?

1.   A) Stanley Miller

2.   B) Jakob Berzelius

3.   C) Friedrich Wohler

4.   D) Hermann Kolbe

5.   E) August Kekulé

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

6) Stanley Miller’s 1953 experiments proved that

1.   A) life arose on Earth from simple inorganic molecules.

2.   B) organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth.

3.   C) life arose on Earth from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes.

4.   D) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life.

5.   E) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.1

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 

7) Which of the following correctly describes ATP?

1.   A) ATP is hydrophobic.

2.   B) ATP is inorganic.

3.   C) ATP is unable to react with water.

4.   D) ATP has two covalently attached phosphates.

5.   E) ATP is able to store energy for the cell.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

8) Stanley Miller’s 1953 experiments assumed that early Earth’s atmosphere contained

1.   A) hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, hydrogen gas, and water vapour.

2.   B) ammonia, methane, hydrogen gas, and water vapour.

3.   C) ammonia, methane, oxygen gas, and water vapour.

4.   D) amino acids, methane, hydrogen cyanide, and water vapour.

5.   E) methane, formaldehyde, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

9) When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic compounds such as methane, hydrogen gas, ammonia, and water vapour, what compounds were produced?

1.   A) mostly amino acids

2.   B) only simple organic compounds such as formaldehyde and cyanide

3.   C) mostly hydrocarbons

4.   D) only simple inorganic compounds

5.   E) both simple organic compounds and more complex organic compounds such as amino acids and hydrocarbons

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

10) How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

1.   A) 1

2.   B) 2

3.   C) 3

4.   D) 4

5.   E) 8

Answer:  D

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

11) A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

1.   A) ionic

2.   B) hydrogen

3.   C) covalent

4.   D) covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds

5.   E) ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Answer:  C

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

12) What is the key reason that often only one isomer of a pair of enantiomers is biologically active?

1.   A) The functional groups in isomers may be found on the same or opposite sides of a double bond.

2.   B) Isomers of an organic molecule may have either branched or linear structures.

3.   C) One isomer may take up more volume.

4.   D) One isomer may be more polar than the other.

5.   E) Only one isomer may bind to specific target molecules in an organism.

Answer:  E

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

13) Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

1.   A) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.

2.   B) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.

3.   C) They are hydrophilic.

4.   D) They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity.

5.   E) They are lighter than water.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

14) How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula C4H10?

1.   A) 1

2.   B) 2

3.   C) 4

4.   D) 3

5.   E) 11

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 

15) Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

1.   A) They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.

2.   B) They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.

3.   C) They have the same chemical properties.

4.   D) They have different molecular formulas.

5.   E) Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences.

Answer:  A

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

16) Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers, that is, molecules that

1.   A) have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons.

2.   B) are mirror images of one another.

3.   C) exist in either linear chain or ring forms.

4.   D) differ in the location of their double bonds.

5.   E) differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds.

Answer:  B

Type: MC

Topic:  Concept 4.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 

 

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