Campbell Biology Concepts And Connections 8th Edition By Reece, Taylor – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, 8e (Reece
et al.)
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells
3.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Lactose intolerance is the inability to
1. A)
produce milk proteins.
2. B)
produce lactose.
3. C)
digest cellulose.
4. D)
digest lactose.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Global LO: 5
2) Lactose intolerance
1. A) is
common in people of all ages, from infancy to adulthood.
2. B) is
most common in people of European descent.
3. C)
can currently be treated by gene therapy to treat the underlying cause.
4. D)
does not affect the consumption of beverages made from soy or rice.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Global LO: 5
3) Organic compounds
1. A)
always contain nitrogen.
2. B)
are synthesized only by animal cells.
3. C)
always contain carbon.
4. D)
always contain oxygen.
Answer: C
Topic: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.1
4) Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false?
1. A)
Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds.
2. B)
Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.
3. C)
Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds.
4. D)
Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branched or
unbranched “carbon skeletons.”
Answer: B
Topic: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.1
5) Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false?
1. A)
Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds.
2. B)
Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
3. C)
Hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single or double bonds.
4. D)
Hydrocarbons can form straight, branched, or ringed structures.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.1
6) Propanol and isopropanol are isomers. This means that they
have
1. A)
the same molecular formula but different chemical properties.
2. B)
different molecular formulas but the same chemical properties.
3. C)
the same molecular formula and the same chemical properties.
4. D)
the same molecular formula but represent different states of the compound.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.1
7) A hydroxyl group is
1. A)
also called a carbonyl group.
2. B)
characteristic of proteins.
3. C)
characteristic of alcohols.
4. D)
composed of two oxygen atoms.
Answer: C
Topic: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.1
8) Which of the following is a carboxyl group?
1. A)
-C-O
2. B)
-OH
3. C)
-NH2
4. D)
-COOH
Answer: D
Topic: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.1
9) Which of the following is an amino group?
1. A)
-OH
2. B)
-NH2
3. C)
-COOH
4. D)
-CO
Answer: B
Topic: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.1
10) Which of the following statements about the functional
groups of organic compounds is false?
1. A)
Functional groups may help make organic compounds hydrophilic.
2. B)
Many biological molecules have two or more functional groups.
3. C)
Functional groups participate in chemical reactions.
4. D)
All functional groups include a carbon atom.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.1
11) Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino
group?
1. A)
amino acid
2. B)
fat
3. C)
sugar
4. D)
vinegar
Answer: A
Topic: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.1
12) Which of the following functional groups is capable of
regulating gene expression?
1. A)
-OH
2. B) -COOH
3. C)
-CO
4. D)
-CH3
Answer: D
Topic: 3.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.1
13) Which of the following statements about the monomers and
polymers found in living organisms is false?
1. A)
Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common
monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare.
2. B)
The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal.
3. C)
Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers.
4. D)
Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.2
14) Which of the following statements about dehydration
synthesis is false?
1. A)
One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group.
2. B)
H2O is formed as the monomers are joined.
3. C)
Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers.
4. D)
Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.2
15) The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by
1. A)
condensation.
2. B)
hydrolysis.
3. C)
polymerization.
4. D)
the addition of an amino group.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.1
16) What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?
1. A) to
promote the synthesis of monomers
2. B) to
induce chemical reactions
3. C) to
stop chemical reactions
4. D) to
speed up chemical reactions
Answer: D
Topic: 3.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.6
17) The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a
multiple of
1. A)
CH3
2. B)
CH2
3. C)
CHO.
4. D)
CHO2.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
18) A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a(n)
1. A)
oil.
2. B)
steroid.
3. C) protein.
4. D)
polysaccharide.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.4
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Global LO: 2
19) Many names for sugars end in the suffix
1. A)
-acid.
2. B)
-ose.
3. C)
-hyde.
4. D)
-ase.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
20) Sucrose is formed
1. A)
from two glucose molecules.
2. B)
from two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.
3. C)
when ionic bonds link two monosaccharides.
4. D)
when glucose and lactose are combined.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
21) A disaccharide forms when
1. A)
two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.
2. B)
two starches join by dehydration synthesis.
3. C)
two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis.
4. D)
two starches join by hydrolysis.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
22) High-fructose corn syrup is made from corn. The main
carbohydrate in corn is a polysaccharide called
1. A)
fructose.
2. B)
starch.
3. C)
hydrocarbon.
4. D)
cellulose.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.6
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
23) Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?
1. A)
sucrose, starch, and cellulose
2. B)
starch, amino acids, and glycogen
3. C) cellulose,
starch, and glycogen
4. D)
fructose, cellulose, and glucose
Answer: C
Topic: 3.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
24) Cellulose differs from starch in that
1. A)
starch is formed by plants and cellulose by animals.
2. B)
most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.
3. C)
starch is made of glucose monomers, whereas cellulose is made of fructose
monomers.
4. D)
cellulose is highly branched, whereas starch is unbranched.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
25) Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from
1. A)
plants.
2. B)
dairy products.
3. C)
red meats.
4. D)
fish.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.7
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Global LO: 2, 5
26) Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because
1. A)
they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose.
2. B)
they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down.
3. C)
their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms.
4. D)
they convert cellulose into starch, which is easily broken down in the
intestinal tract.
Answer: C
Topic: 3.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
27) The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and
________ in plants.
1. A)
starch; glycogen
2. B)
glycogen; starch
3. C)
cellulose; glycogen
4. D)
glycogen; cellulose
Answer: B
Topic: 3.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
28) Which of the following organisms contain the polysaccharide
chitin?
1. A) animals
and plants
2. B)
plants and bacteria
3. C)
fungi and insects
4. D)
insects and plants
Answer: C
Topic: 3.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
29) An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at
room temperature by
1. A) adding
hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
2. B)
removing water, causing a dehydration synthesis reaction to occur.
3. C)
removing hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
4. D)
cooling it, so that double bonds form and the fats solidify.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
30) A diet high in animal products and hydrogenated vegetable
margarine may increase the risk for atherosclerosis. This is because
1. A)
most animal fats are unsaturated and most hydrogenated vegetable margarines
contain high levels of steroids.
2. B)
most hydrogenated vegetable margarines are hydrogenated oils and most animal
products contain high levels of phospholipids.
3. C)
most animal fats are used for energy storage and most hydrogenated vegetable
margarines contain high levels of unsaturated fats.
4. D)
most animal fats are saturated and many hydrogenated vegetable margarines
contain high levels of trans fats.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.8
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Global LO: 2, 5
31) What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic?
1. A)
Fats have carboxyl groups.
2. B)
Fats include one glycerol molecule.
3. C)
Fats have polar fatty acids.
4. D)
Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
32) Fatty acids are
1. A)
composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
2. B)
composed of carbon, hydrogen, glycerol, and a phosphate group.
3. C)
hydrophobic.
4. D)
composed of four linked rings.
Answer: C
Topic: 3.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
33) Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride
molecules is false?
1. A)
Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.
2. B)
Triglycerides play a role in energy storage.
3. C)
Triglycerides are a type of fat.
4. D)
Triglycerides are hydrophilic.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
34) Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons
are said to be
1. A)
unsaturated.
2. B)
saturated.
3. C)
completely hydrogenated.
4. D)
monoglycerides.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
35) The development of atherosclerotic disease can result from a
diet high in
1. A)
fiber.
2. B)
protein.
3. C)
saturated fats.
4. D)
sugars.
Answer: C
Topic: 3.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Global LO: 5
36) If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet
to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease, you would use olive oil that
1. A) is
liquid at room temperature.
2. B) is
hydrogenated.
3. C) is
modified to be solid at room temperature.
4. D)
has lard added to it.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.8
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Global LO: 2, 5
37) Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids
is false?
1. A)
Fats are a form of lipid that function to store energy.
2. B)
Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes.
3. C)
Many lipids function as enzymes.
4. D)
Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is a component of cell membranes and
steroid hormones.
Answer: C
Topic: 3.8, 3.10
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
38) A phospholipid is composed of
1. A)
one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules.
2. B)
one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups.
3. C)
one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate
groups.
4. D)
one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.10
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
39) Which of the following substances is made of lipids?
1. A)
DNA
2. B)
cellulose
3. C)
steroids
4. D)
enzymes
Answer: C
Topic: 3.10
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
40) A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is
1. A)
triglycerides.
2. B)
phospholipids.
3. C)
glycerol.
4. D)
waxes.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.10
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
41) Which of the following statements about anabolic steroids
is false?
1. A)
They cause a general buildup of muscle mass.
2. B)
They often cause the body to reduce its normal output of sex hormones.
3. C)
They promote bone growth.
4. D)
They can stimulate mood swings and violent behavior.
Answer: C
Topic: 3.11
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Global LO: 5, 6
42) Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by
1. A)
the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules.
2. B)
the chemical properties of their R groups.
3. C)
the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule.
4. D)
the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.13
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.5
43) Proteins differ from one another because
1. A)
the peptide bonds linking amino acids differ from protein to protein.
2. B)
the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to
protein.
3. C)
each protein contains its own unique sequence of sugar molecules.
4. D)
the number of nucleotides found in each protein varies from molecule to
molecule.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.13
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.5
44) Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins.
1. A)
oils
2. B)
amino acids
3. C)
fatty acids
4. D)
monosaccharides
Answer: B
Topic: 3.13
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.3, 3.5
Global LO: 2
45) Peptide bonds
1. A)
are used to form amino acids.
2. B)
form between fatty acids.
3. C)
are formed by a hydrolysis reaction.
4. D)
link amino acids.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.13
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.5
46) Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?
1. A)
They increase the rate of chemical reactions.
2. B)
They function as chemical catalysts.
3. C)
They regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell.
4. D)
They are monomers used to build proteins.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.12
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.5
47) Which of the following would be correctly classified as a
protein?
1. A)
cholesterol
2. B)
starch
3. C) an
enzyme
4. D)
cellulose
Answer: C
Topic: 3.12
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Global LO: 2
48) Structural proteins
1. A)
include receptor molecules.
2. B)
include hemoglobin.
3. C)
are found in hair and tendons.
4. D)
include ovalbumin, a protein found in egg white.
Answer: C
Topic: 3.12
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Global LO: 2
49) A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have
been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the
following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the
hypothesis?
1. A)
the cell walls of plants growing in the ecosystem
2. B)
the hair produced by humans living in the ecosystem
3. C)
the sugars produced during photosynthesis by plants growing in the ecosystem
4. D)
the cholesterol in the cell membranes of organisms living in the ecosystem
Answer: B
Topic: 3.12, 3.13
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.3, 3.4, 3.5
Global LO: 2
50) Which of the following characteristics of protein will
remain intact if the protein is denatured?
1. A)
the shape of the protein
2. B)
the function of the protein
3. C)
the number of amino acids in the protein
4. D)
the binding properties of the protein
Answer: C
Topic: 3.12
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.7
51) Proteins cannot be denatured by
1. A)
heat.
2. B)
changes in pH.
3. C)
changes in salt concentration.
4. D)
freezing.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.12
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.7
52) The primary structure of a protein is
1. A) an
alpha helix or a pleated sheet.
2. B)
the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.
3. C)
composed of two or more polypeptide chains.
4. D)
maintained by hydrogen bonds.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.14
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.6
53) Which of the following is an example of secondary structure
in a protein?
1. A) a
particular amino acid sequence
2. B) an
alpha helix
3. C) a
globular shape
4. D)
the joining of two polypeptide chains
Answer: B
Topic: 3.14
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.6
54) The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to
1. A)
its size.
2. B)
the presence of pleated sheets.
3. C)
the amino acids of which it is made.
4. D)
the overall three-dimensional structure.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.14
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.6
55) A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain
exhibits the ________ level of protein structure.
1. A)
primary
2. B)
secondary
3. C)
tertiary
4. D)
quaternary
Answer: D
Topic: 3.14
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.6
56) Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent
________ and ________ are to protein.
1. A)
solubility; texture
2. B)
form; construction
3. C)
structure; function
4. D)
adaptability; development
Answer: C
Topic: 3.14
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.6
57) How are genes used by cells to build proteins?
1. A)
The genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to
build a protein.
2. B)
The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of a DNA molecule, which is used to build
a protein.
3. C)
DNA is transcribed into an amino acid sequence.
4. D)
The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of proteins directly.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.15
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.8
58) Which of the following statements regarding nucleotides
is false?
1. A)
Nucleotides contain lipids.
2. B)
Nucleotides contain sugar molecules.
3. C)
Nucleotides can be linked together to form nucleic acids.
4. D)
Nucleotides contain nitrogenous bases.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.16
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.8
59) Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and
its monomer?
1. A)
cellulose, amino acids
2. B)
DNA, nucleotides
3. C)
collagen, nucleic acids
4. D)
RNA, ribose
Answer: B
Topic: 3.16
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.8
Global LO: 2
60) DNA differs from RNA because DNA
1. A)
contains thymine in place of uracil.
2. B)
consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand.
3. C)
contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose.
4. D)
contains phosphate groups not found in RNA.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.16
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.8
61) You work for a company that manufactures food products. A
new “wonder food” is being distributed by a rival company. The researchers in
your company determine that the “wonder food” contains only carbon, oxygen, and
hydrogen. At this point, your researchers can say with certainty that the food
1. A)
includes proteins.
2. B)
could only be made of triglycerides.
3. C)
could only be made of carbohydrates.
4. D)
does not include proteins or nucleic acids.
Answer: D
Topic: 3.4, 3.8, 3.13, 3.16
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.8
Global LO: 2
62) In what part of the world did the mutation for lactose
tolerance first appear?
1. A)
East Asia
2. B)
South America
3. C)
northern Europe
4. D)
North America
Answer: C
Topic: 3.17
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Global LO: 5
63) Why did the lactose tolerance mutation in the East African
herders spread so rapidly within the population?
1. A)
Milk provided calcium for strong bones.
2. B) It
was a selective advantage for survival during droughts and cold winters.
3. C)
Lactose was a better source of energy than glucose.
4. D)
Milk was a good source of protein during the summer harvests.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.17
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.3
Global LO: 5
64) If you ate a 100% plant-based (vegan) diet, what molecule
would you never eat?
1. A)
starch
2. B)
cellulose
3. C)
cholesterol
4. D)
phospholipids
Answer: C
Topic: 3.7, 3.10, 3.12
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.3, 3.4, 3.5
Global LO: 2, 5
65) Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls
and is found in your tears, mucus, and saliva. A mutation occurs in the gene
for lysozyme that results in a lysine (a positively charged amino acid) being
substituted for an arginine (also a positively charged amino acid). Do you
think that the mutant lysozyme will function similarly to the normal lysozyme?
1. A)
no, because all changes in protein primary sequence result in functional
differences
2. B)
no, because changing lysine to arginine will cause the protein to denature
3. C)
yes, because both lysine and arginine are positively charged so the tertiary
structure and therefore function should be similar
4. D)
yes, because protein function stays the same no matter what mutations occur
Answer: C
Topic: 3.14
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 3.6, 3.7
Global LO: 2
66) Which meal is high in fiber, low in saturated fats, and high
in unsaturated fats?
1. A) a
rib eye steak, mashed potatoes, and side salad with ranch dressing
2. B) a
plate of scrambled eggs with a side of cottage cheese
3. C) a
black bean, cheese, lettuce, and sour cream burrito in a flour tortilla
4. D) a
bowl of spaghetti tossed with olive oil, artichokes, and broccoli
Answer: D
Topic: 3.7, 3.8
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.3, 3.4, 3.5
Global LO: 2, 5
67) You identify a molecule in a pizza that is a polymer; has
oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur atoms; and is hydrophilic. What kind of molecule
is it?
1. A)
protein
2. B)
carbohydrate
3. C)
nucleic acid
4. D)
lipid
Answer: A
Topic: 3.7, 3.10, 3.13, 3.16
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.8
Global LO: 2
68) Suppose that an adult black bear adds 50 pounds of fat in
order to survive while hibernating through the winter. How much glycogen would
a bear have to add to achieve a similar feat?
1. A) 25
pounds
2. B) 50
pounds
3. C) 75
pounds
4. D)
100 pounds
Answer: D
Topic: 3.8
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Global LO: 2
69) Which type of fat was found to contribute the most relative
risk of developing heart disease?
1. A)
saturated fat
2. B) monounsaturated
fat
3. C)
polyunsaturated fat
4. D)
trans fat
Answer: D
Topic: 3.9
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Global LO: 5
70) Which of the following foods would be least likely to
contribute to the development of coronary heart disease?
1. A)
margarine
2. B)
butter
3. C)
bacon
4. D)
fish oil
Answer: D
Topic: 3.9
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Global LO: 2, 5
71) You have a cup of vegetable oil and a vial full of normal
phospholipids. What would you predict would happen if you dropped the
phospholipids into the cup of vegetable oil?
1. A)
The phospholipids would form a sphere with the heads on the inside.
2. B)
The phospholipids would form a sphere with the tails on the inside.
3. C)
The phospholipids would float on the surface of the oil with the tails in the
air.
4. D)
The phospholipids would float on the surface of the oil with the heads in the
air.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.10
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Global LO: 2
72) What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand
TCGATGG?
1. A)
TCGATGG
2. B)
GGTAGCT
3. C)
AGCUACC
4. D)
AGCTACC
Answer: D
Topic: 3.16
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.8
Global LO: 2
73) Myosin is a contractile protein found in muscles that is
composed of three pairs of subunits, two heavy chains, and two pairs of two
different types of light chains, for a total of six subunits. Myosin contains
what level(s) of protein structure?
1. A)
primary
2. B)
primary and secondary
3. C)
primary, secondary, and tertiary
4. D)
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
Answer: D
Topic: 3.14
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.6
Global LO: 2
3.2 Art Questions
1) These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the
difference between them?
1. A)
the number of carbon atoms
2. B)
the number of hydrogen atoms
3. C)
the location of a double-bonded oxygen atom
4. D)
Only one of them has a double bond between carbon atoms.
Answer: C
Topic: 3.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Global LO: 2, 3
2) How are these two amino acids attached together?
1. A)
amino group to amino group
2. B)
amino group to carboxylic acid group
3. C)
carboxylic acid group to carboxylic acid group
4. D)
through a hydrolysis reaction
Answer: B
Topic: 3.11
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.5
Global LO: 2, 3
3) Below are the structures of three fatty acids, palmitic acid,
stearic acid, and oleic acid. What combination of these fatty acids could you
use to make a fat that is liquid at room temperature?
1. A)
one palmitic acid, one stearic acid, and one oleic acid
2. B)
three palmitic acids
3. C)
two palmitic acids and one stearic acid
4. D)
one stearic acid, one oleic acid, and one phosphate group
Answer: A
Topic: 3.8
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 3.4
Global LO: 2
4) Below is a molecule of caffeine. Which of the following
features are not present
in a molecule of caffeine?
1. A) a
carbonyl group
2. B) a
carboxyl group
3. C) a
methyl group
4. D)
one or more double bonds
Answer: B
Topic: 3.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.1
Global LO: 2
5) Below is a nutrition facts label for one cup of whole cow’s
milk. Which of the following is most abundant by weight in one cup of whole
milk? (1000 mg = 1 g)
1. A)
the total amount of lipids
2. B)
polysaccharides
3. C)
monosaccharides
4. D)
protein
Answer: C
Topic: 3.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.3, 3.4, 3.5
Global LO: 2, 4, 5
3.3 Scenario Questions
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
You’re the manager of a factory that produces enzyme-washed blue
jeans (the enzymes lighten the color of the denim, giving a “faded”
appearance). When the most recent batch of fabric came out of the enzyme wash,
however, the color wasn’t light enough to meet your standards. Your quality
control laboratory wants to do some tests to determine why the wash enzymes
didn’t perform as expected.
1) Which hypothesis is most likely to be productive for their
initial investigation?
1. A)
The nucleotide chain of the enzymes may be incorrectly formed.
2. B)
The dye in the fabric may have hydrolyzed the fatty acids in the enzymes.
3. C)
The three-dimensional structure of the proteins may have been altered.
4. D)
There may not have been enough phospholipids for the volume of fabric.
Answer: C
Topic: 3.12
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.5, 3.6, 3.7
Global LO: 2
2) Based on your understanding of enzyme structure, which of the
following would you recommend that they also investigate?
1. A)
the temperature of the liquid in the washing vat
2. B)
the manufacturer of the fabric
3. C)
how long the fabric has been in storage
4. D)
the primary structure of the enzyme
Answer: A
Topic: 3.12
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.5, 3.6, 3.7
Global LO: 2
3) Which of the following experiments would be best for testing
the hypothesis that the enzymes did not perform as expected because the
temperature was too high?
1. A)
Produce one batch of blue jeans with twice as much enzyme as another batch of
blue jeans while keeping the temperature the same, then compare how the
lightness of the blue jeans varies between batches.
2. B)
Produce multiple batches of blue jeans at several different temperatures but
with the same enzyme concentration and then compare how the lightness of the
blue jeans varies between batches.
3. C)
Produce multiple batches of blue jeans at several different temperatures and
with different enzyme concentrations and then compare how the lightness of the
blue jeans varies between batches.
4. D)
Produce one batch of blue jeans at a high temperature without the enzyme and
another batch of blue jeans at a low temperature with the enzyme and then
compare how the lightness of the blue jeans varies between batches.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.12
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 3.5, 3.6, 3.7
Global LO: 1, 2
4) If you could design a modified version of the enzyme to
ensure that it would function optimally in the harsh conditions of the washing
vat (such as high temperature or high pH), which of the following could you do
to achieve this goal?
1. A)
Add more amino acids to the end of the protein to make it more hydrophobic.
2. B)
Change the amino acid sequence slightly to ensure a more stable tertiary
structure.
3. C)
Remove some amino acids from the start of the protein to strengthen its
secondary structure.
4. D)
Change the amino acid sequence drastically to give the enzyme quaternary
structure.
Answer: B
Topic: 3.12
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 3.5, 3.6, 3.7
Global LO: 2
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that
follow.
Your first big biology exam is coming up in a few days, and in
order to prepare for late-night study sessions, you buy a box of Yummies, a
delicious type of snack cake. After checking out the nutrition facts label on
the side of the box, you discover that a single Yummie cake contains 4.5 grams
of total fat, 27 grams of carbohydrate, 0 grams of fiber, and 1 gram of
protein.
5) After eating a Yummie cake, what molecule do you expect to be
most abundant in your digestive system?
1. A)
amino acids
2. B)
monosaccharides
3. C)
cellulose
4. D)
triglycerides
Answer: B
Topic: 3.4, 3.7, 3.8, 3.12
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.3, 3.4, 3.5
Global LO: 2, 4
6) After eating a Yummie cake, which of the following metabolic
processes is likely occurring at the fastest rate?
1. A)
hydrolysis of glycogen
2. B)
dehydration reactions involving glucose
3. C)
dehydration reactions involving fatty acids
4. D)
hydrolysis of cellulose
Answer: B
Topic: 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 3.8, 3.12
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5
Global LO: 2
7) The pH of the stomach is extremely acidic (~ pH 2). If you
ate a Yummie cake, what do you think would happen to the protein that you
ingested as it passes through the stomach?
1. A)
The protein would become denatured due to the acidic environment.
2. B)
The protein would form longer proteins via dehydration reactions.
3. C)
The protein would speed up digestion because it is an enzyme.
4. D)
The protein would get broken down via dehydration reactions.
Answer: A
Topic: 3.12, 3.13, 3.14
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 3.2, 3.5, 3.7
Global LO: 2
Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, 8e (Reece
et al.)
Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell
4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following statements about cells is true?
1. A)
All cells have cell walls.
2. B)
All cells have internal structures that move.
3. C)
All cells are attached to other cells.
4. D)
All cells are motile.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.1
2) Light microscopes
1. A)
typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope.
2. B)
work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied.
3. C)
use light and glass lenses to magnify an image.
4. D)
are generally not used to view bacteria.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.8
3) One centimeter = ________ millimeters.
1. A)
0.01
2. B)
0.10
3. C) 10
4. D)
100
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.8
Global LO: 4
4) Resolution is the
1. A)
ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.
2. B)
size of an image.
3. C)
ability of an optical instrument to magnify an image.
4. D)
distance between the lenses of a microscope.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.8
5) Which of the following statements about electron microscopes
is true?
1. A)
Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an
object.
2. B)
Scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell
structure.
3. C)
Transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces.
4. D)
Specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.8
6) A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the
respiratory tract to determine how the cells use tiny hairs to move dirt and
mucus away from the lungs. Which of the following instruments would be best,
and why?
1. A) a
light microscope, because it allows observations of whole, live cells
2. B) a
transmission electron microscope, because it has high resolution
3. C) a
scanning electron microscope, because it can reveal structures on cell surfaces
4. D) a
scanning electron microscope, because it can be used to observe whole cells
without slicing them
Answer: A
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 4.8
Global LO: 2
7) The idea that all living things are composed of cells and
that all cells come from other cells defines
1. A)
the laws of inheritance.
2. B)
organelle theory.
3. C)
cell theory.
4. D)
inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.1
8) A scientist wants to magnify a pollen grain 8,000 times and
examine the ridges and pores on its surface. Which of the following instruments
would be best?
1. A) a
transmission electron microscope
2. B) a
scanning electron microscope
3. C) a fluorescence
confocal microscope
4. D) an
inverted light microscope
Answer: B
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 4.8
Global LO: 2
9) A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________,
whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study ________.
1. A)
live cells; dead cells
2. B)
cell surfaces; internal cell structures
3. C)
dead cells; live cells
4. D)
internal cell structures; cell surfaces
Answer: B
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.8
10) The diameter of most animal and plant cells ranges from
1. A)
0.1 to 1.0 micrometers.
2. B)
1.0 to 10 micrometers.
3. C) 10
to 100 micrometers.
4. D)
100 to 1000 micrometers.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
11) As cell size increases, the
1. A)
volume and surface area decrease.
2. B)
volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.
3. C)
surface area increases proportionally more than the volume.
4. D)
ratio of surface area to volume stays the same.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.3
Global LO: 4
12) Which of the following cells has the greatest
surface-to-volume ratio?
1. A)
bacterium
2. B)
human red blood cell
3. C)
human muscle cell
4. D)
ostrich egg
Answer: A
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 4.3
Global LO: 2
13) A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from
dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger. This situation
1. A)
should present no problem to the cell, since it can continue to perform all
other necessary functions.
2. B)
should present no problem to the cell, because the surface area of the cell
will increase as the volume of the cell increases.
3. C)
will eventually be problematic, since the cell’s ability to absorb nutrients
through its outer membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as its
cytoplasmic needs.
4. D)
should be beneficial, since the cell will be able to divert the ATP normally
used for cell division to other processes.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 4.3
Global LO: 2
14) Your throat is dry, and you want the last cough drop in the
box to last a long time in your mouth. What should you do?
1. A)
Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. Since
each little piece must be dissolved separately, the drop will last longer.
2. B)
Keep the cough drop whole. This maintains the largest surface-to-volume ratio
and slows the dissolution of the cough drop.
3. C)
Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. This
decreases the surface-to-volume ratio and slows the dissolution of the cough
drop.
4. D) It
doesn’t matter if the cough drop is in one piece or many pieces; the total
amount of cough drop is all that matters.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 4.3
Global LO: 2
15) A pathologist who wants to examine a patient’s liver cells
to determine if the mitochondria have an internal structural defect will likely
need to use a
1. A)
light microscope.
2. B)
transmission electron microscope.
3. C)
scanning electron microscope.
4. D)
chromatin stain.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 4.8
Global LO: 2
16) In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads
1. A)
are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of
the membrane.
2. B)
are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water.
3. C)
are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of
the membrane.
4. D)
are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
17) Archaea are composed of ________ cells.
1. A)
prokaryotic
2. B)
bacterial
3. C)
eukaryotic
4. D)
animal
Answer: A
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
18) Which of the following structures is exclusively associated
with prokaryotic cells?
1. A)
membrane-bound nucleus
2. B)
nucleoid
3. C)
chromosome
4. D)
ribosomes
Answer: B
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
19) The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell
1. A)
contains the cell’s DNA.
2. B)
separates the RNA from the cytoplasm.
3. C) is
surrounded by a nucleoid membrane.
4. D)
contains the cell’s nucleoli.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
20) ________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
1. A)
Plant
2. B)
Prokaryotic
3. C)
Eukaryotic
4. D)
Fungal
Answer: B
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
21) A bacterial cell’s DNA is found in its
1. A) ribosomes.
2. B)
nucleus.
3. C)
nucleoid region.
4. D)
capsule.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
22) Which of the following structures is/are used by prokaryotes
for attaching to surfaces?
1. A)
flagella
2. B) nucleoid
3. C)
anchoring junctions
4. D)
capsule
Answer: D
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
23) The membranous compartmentalization of a cell
1. A)
divides the cell into two equal-sized halves.
2. B)
allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the
cell.
3. C)
requires the presence of a cell wall.
4. D) is
common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.5
24) Which of the following statements about internal membranes
in eukaryotic cells is false?
1. A) In
eukaryotic cells, internal membranes greatly increase a cell’s total membrane
area.
2. B) In
eukaryotic cells, internal membranes provide an additional area for many
metabolic processes to occur.
3. C) In
eukaryotic cells, internal membranes form membranous compartments called
organelles.
4. D) In
eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of
all cellular organelles.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.5
25) You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant,
animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls
and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells
1. A)
are plant cells.
2. B)
are animal cells.
3. C)
are bacterial cells.
4. D)
could be either plant or bacterial cells.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 4.4
Global LO: 2
26) Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________.
Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________.
1. A)
chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles
2. B)
centrioles; chloroplasts; cell walls
3. C)
chloroplasts; cell walls; a nucleus
4. D)
centrioles; cell walls; large central vacuoles
Answer: A
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.4
27) Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism
is false?
1. A)
Cellular metabolism includes different processes that require different
conditions.
2. B)
Cellular metabolism can occur within organelles.
3. C)
Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells.
4. D)
Cellular metabolism often occurs on the surfaces of internal membranes.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.6
28) The nucleus of a cell
1. A) is
surrounded by a single layer of membrane.
2. B) is
contained within the nucleolus.
3. C)
contains DNA.
4. D) is
the primary location of protein synthesis.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
29) The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is
called
1. A)
chromatin.
2. B) a
nucleolus.
3. C) a
ribosome.
4. D) a
lysosome.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
30) During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into
structures called
1. A)
ribosomes.
2. B)
lysosomes.
3. C)
chromosomes.
4. D)
nucleoli.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
31) The function of the nucleolus is
1. A) to
manufacture polypeptides.
2. B) to
manufacture ribosomal RNA.
3. C) intracellular
digestion.
4. D) to
store chromatin.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
32) Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which
1. A) is
made in the nucleolus.
2. B)
must be made by the ribosomes.
3. C) is
translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.
4. D)
carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
33) Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes
or ribosomal subunits?
1. A)
nuclear envelope
2. B)
plasma membrane
3. C)
endoplasmic reticulum
4. D)
cytoplasm
Answer: B
Topic: 4.6
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.2
34) Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane
system is false?
1. A)
The endomembrane system is involved in the synthesis, storage, and export of
important molecules.
2. B)
The endomembrane system includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
3. C)
The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope.
4. D)
The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all
physically connected.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.5
35) The endomembrane system includes all of the following
organelles except the
1. A)
plasma membrane.
2. B)
endoplasmic reticulum.
3. C)
peroxisome.
4. D)
Golgi apparatus.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.12
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.5
36) An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces
thousands of antibodies per second for release into the body. What type of
intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within the cell?
1. A)
nucleus
2. B)
endoplasmic reticulum
3. C)
peroxisome
4. D)
microtubules
Answer: B
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Application/Analysis
Learning Outcome: 4.5
Global LO: 2
37) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
1. A)
stores calcium ions in muscle cells.
2. B) is
the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
3. C)
produces proteins for cell membranes.
4. D)
helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.5
38) The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the
production of
1. A)
mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell.
2. B)
hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell.
3. C)
ribosomes and steroid hormones.
4. D)
membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 4.5
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