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Sample Test
Children, 14e (Santrock)
Chapter 3 Prenatal Development
1) Fertilization usually occurs in the
1. A)
ovary.
2. B)
uterus.
3. C)
vagina.
4. D)
fallopian tube.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Germinal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
2) A fertilized egg is also known as a(n)
1. A)
fetus.
2. B)
zygote.
3. C)
embryo.
4. D)
blastocyst.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Germinal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
3) The germinal period is approximately ________ long.
1. A)
one month
2. B)
two weeks
3. C)
one week
4. D)
two months
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Germinal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
4) The germinal period includes
1. A)
formation of the amnion.
2. B)
formation of the placenta.
3. C)
creation of the zygote.
4. D)
creation of the organs.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Germinal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
5) A(n) ________ later develops into an embryo.
1. A)
placenta
2. B)
ectoderm
3. C)
trophoblast
4. D)
blastocyst
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Germinal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
6) During implantation, the zygote attaches to the wall of the
1. A)
ovaries.
2. B)
vagina.
3. C)
uterus.
4. D)
fallopian tubes.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Germinal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
7) The zygote attaches to the uterine wall during the ________
period.
1. A)
germinal
2. B)
embryonic
3. C)
fetal
4. D)
blastoderm
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Germinal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
8) Which of the following terms refers to an outer layer of
cells that develops during the germinal period and later provides nutrition and
support for the embryo?
1. A)
ectoderm
2. B)
endoderm
3. C)
blastocyst
4. D) trophoblast
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Germinal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
9) Implantation takes place about ________ after conception.
1. A) 10
to 14 days
2. B) 20
days
3. C) 25
to 30 days
4. D) 40
days
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Germinal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
10) The embryonic period lasts ________ weeks after conception.
1. A)
from ten to sixteen
2. B)
from two to eight
3. C)
from eight to ten
4. D)
from zero to two
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
11) The endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm form during the
________ period.
1. A)
fetal
2. B)
zygotic
3. C)
germinal
4. D)
embryonic
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
12) Which of the following structures of an embryo are derived
from the endoderm?
1. A)
Hair, skin, and nails
2. B)
Muscles and bones
3. C)
Digestive and respiratory systems
4. D)
Nervous system
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
13) Yolanda’s doctor told her that her baby might be born with
problems in her respiratory and digestive systems. According to the doctor,
there was a problem in the formation of the
1. A)
ectoderm.
B)endoderm.
1. C)
mesoderm.
2. D)
trophoderm.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
14) Which of the following structures of an embryo are derived
from the ectoderm?
1. A)
nervous system and brain
2. B)
muscles and bones
3. C)
digestive and respiratory systems
4. D)
circulatory system
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
15) Juan was born with defective vision and diminished auditory
abilities. Most likely, Juan’s problems came from defects in the formation of
the
1. A)
ectoderm.
2. B)
endoderm.
3. C)
mesoderm.
4. D)
trophoderm.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
16) The circulatory system develops from the
1. A)
ectoderm.
2. B)
mesoderm.
3. C)
endoderm.
4. D)
trophoderm.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
17) Harry was born with defects in the excretory system and the
reproductive system. Most likely, Harry’s problems came from defects in the
formation of the
1. A)
ectoderm.
2. B)
endoderm.
3. C)
mesoderm.
4. D)
trophoderm.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
18) During which prenatal period are the placenta and the
umbilical cord formed?
1. A)
zygotic
2. B) germinal
3. C)
embryonic
4. D)
fetal
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
19) The ________ consists of a disk-shaped group of tissues in
which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do
not join.
1. A)
umbilical cord
2. B)
amnion
3. C)
placenta
4. D) endoderm
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
20) When a blood test was performed on Cindy’s fetus, the
doctors found some of Cindy’s red blood cells in the fetus’s circulatory
system. We know that this
1. A) is
normal because the mother is the source of red blood cells for the fetus.
2. B) is
normal because the mother’s red blood cells are a source of oxygen for the
fetus.
3. C)
indicates a problem with the placenta, which should block the mother’s red
blood cells.
4. D)
indicates a problem with the amnion, which should eliminate the mother’s red
blood cells.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
21) Which of the following is/are MOST likely to pass through
the placental wall?
1. A)
carbon dioxide
2. B)
most bacteria
3. C)
red blood cells
4. D)
hormones
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
22) Which of the following is/are LEAST likely to pass through the
placental wall?
1. A)
carbon dioxide
2. B)
water
3. C)
salt
4. D)
hormones
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
23) Juanita is having a normal pregnancy and the fetus is
developing well. However, Juanita has recently picked up an infection and
bacteria have accumulated in her blood stream. We know that most likely,
1. A)
many of these bacteria will be able to enter the fetus’s circulation.
2. B)
the bacteria will be eliminated by the white blood cells of the fetus.
3. C)
the bacteria will be eliminated by the antimicrobicidal secretions of the
amnion.
4. D)
the placental wall will block the bacteria from entering the fetus.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
24) The baglike structure that contains a clear fluid in which
the developing embryo floats is called the
1. A)
placenta.
2. B)
fallopian tube.
3. C)
amnion.
4. D)
uterus.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
25) The doctor has told Sheryl and Jason that their unborn baby
is having problems because of significant changes in the temperature around the
fetus. The most likely explanation for this problem is that the ________ has
failed to perform its protective function.
1. A)
uterus
2. B)
amniotic fluid
3. C)
placenta
4. D)
trophoblast
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
26) Which of the following occurs during the embryonic period of
prenatal development?
1. A) A
growth spurt occurs in the body’s lower parts.
2. B)
The life-support systems for the embryo develop.
3. C)
All the major reflexes appear.
4. D)
The mother can feel arm and leg movements.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
27) ________ is the name given to the process of organ formation
during the first two months of prenatal development.
1. A)
Mitosis
2. B)
Organogenesis
3. C)
Fertilization
4. D)
Implantation
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
28) The neural tube eventually becomes the
1. A)
spinal cord.
2. B)
optic nerve.
3. C)
umbilical vein.
4. D)
placenta.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
29) A mother can feel arm and leg movements of her unborn child
for the first time during the ________ period.
1. A)
zygotic
2. B)
germinal
3. C)
embryonic
4. D)
fetal
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Fetal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
30) Tamika says that she is currently in the longest period of
her pregnancy. Tamika’s pregnancy is in the ________ period.
1. A)
germinal
2. B)
embryonic
3. C)
fetal
4. D)
zygotic
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Fetal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
31) Irregular breathing movements begin occurring in the fetus
by the end of the ________ month.
1. A)
third
2. B)
fourth
3. C)
fifth
4. D)
sixth
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Fetal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
32) The fetal period ends
1. A) at
the end of the first trimester.
2. B)
when implantation is complete.
3. C) at
the end of the third trimester.
4. D)
when the heart begins to beat.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Fetal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
33) Which of the following events in fetal growth occurs during
the last two months of pregnancy?
1. A)
The heartbeat begins.
2. B)
Irregular breathing begins.
3. C)
Organogenesis occurs.
4. D)
Fatty tissues develop.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Fetal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
34) Which of the following happens toward the end of a baby’s
development in the womb?
1. A)
Irregular breathing movements occur.
2. B)
The grasping reflex develops.
3. C)
Fetal movements are felt by the mother.
4. D)
The fetus gains most of its weight.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Fetal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
35) When do the germinal and embryonic periods occur?
1. A)
first trimester
2. B)
first and second trimesters respectively
3. C)
second trimester
4. D)
second and third trimesters respectively
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: The Fetal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
36) Viability (the potential to survive outside the womb) occurs
1. A) at
the very end of the third trimester.
2. B)
toward the middle of the second trimester.
3. C) at
the very end of the second trimester.
4. D)
toward the middle of the third trimester.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Fetal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
37) ________ occurs when the head end of the neural tube fails
to close.
1. A)
Megalencephaly
2. B)
Anencephaly
3. C)
Rachischisis
4. D)
Spina bifida
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prenatal Brain Development
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
38) Neurogenesis begins to take place at about the ________
week.
1. A)
fifth prenatal
2. B)
tenth prenatal
3. C)
fifteenth prenatal
4. D)
twenty-second prenatal
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prenatal Brain Development
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
39) Which of the following make(s) up the largest portion of
weight gain during pregnancy in the third trimester?
1. A)
tissue fluid
2. B)
increased blood volume
3. C)
uterus and breasts
4. D)
fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Expectant Mother’s Nutrition and Weight Gain
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
40) Expectant mothers who gain more than the recommended amount
of weight during their pregnancy are, as a result, at risk for all of the
following EXCEPT
1. A)
hypertension.
2. B)
diabetes.
3. C)
infections.
4. D)
cancer.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Diet and Nutrition
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
41) Infants who are born to mothers who gain more than the
recommended weight during pregnancy show higher rates of all of the following
EXCEPT
1. A)
neural tube defects.
2. B)
preterm birth.
3. C)
type 2 diabetes.
4. D)
cleft palate.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Diet and Nutrition
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
42) What is the recommended weight gain for mothers who are
obese prior to getting pregnant?
1. A)
5–10 pounds
2. B)
11–20 pounds
3. C)
21–30 pounds
4. D)
31–40 pounds
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Diet and Nutrition
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
43) Which of the following exercises is NOT recommended for
women in the latter part of their pregnancies?
1. A)
bicycling
2. B) swimming
3. C)
jogging
4. D)
walking
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Exercise
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
44) Now that Chloe is pregnant, she will have to increase
several nutrients over the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for nonpregnant
women. Which of the following nutrients should have the largest percentage
increase?
1. A)
vitamin A
2. B)
riboflavin
3. C)
iron
4. D)
calcium
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Expectant Mother’s Nutrition and Weight Gain
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
45) Now that Denise is pregnant, she needs to increase her daily
vitamin intake. The intake of which of the following vitamins should be
increased the most?
1. A)
vitamin C
2. B)
vitamin D
3. C)
vitamin E
4. D)
vitamin A
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Expectant Mother’s Nutrition and Weight Gain
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
46) Which of the following exercises is recommended the LEAST
for the latter part of pregnancy?
1. A)
bicycling
2. B)
walking
3. C)
swimming
4. D)
jogging
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Exercise
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
47) During the second or third trimester of pregnancy, a major
focus of prenatal classes is
1. A)
preparing for the birth.
2. B)
development of the embryo and fetus.
3. C)
sexuality during pregnancy.
4. D)
nutrition, rest, and exercise.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Prenatal Care
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
48) Recent research has shown that benefits from doing tai
chi/yoga while pregnant include all of the following EXCEPT
1. A)
reduced sleep disturbances.
2. B)
decreased depression.
3. C)
decreased anxiety.
4. D)
decreased appetite.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Exercise
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
49) Which of the following activities should be avoided during
pregnancy?
1. A)
cycling
2. B)
downhill snow skiing
3. C)
swimming
4. D)
walking
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Exercise
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
50) Early prenatal classes often discuss
1. A)
preparations for the birth.
2. B)
infant care issues.
3. C)
postpartum self-care.
4. D)
sexuality during pregnancy.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Prenatal Care
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
51) The word teratogen comes
from the Greek word tera,
which means
1. A)
poison.
2. B)
monster.
3. C)
defect.
4. D)
sorrow.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Teratogens
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
52) Any agent that can potentially cause a physical birth defect
is known as a
1. A)
mutagen.
2. B)
pyrogen.
3. C)
zymogen.
4. D) teratogen.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Teratogens
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
53) Which of the following is TRUE regarding teratogens?
1. A)
Teratogens cause anatomical defects after organogenesis is complete.
2. B) A
fetus is most vulnerable to teratogens during the fetal period.
3. C)
Practically every fetus is exposed to at least some teratogens.
4. D)
Potential effects of most teratogens become apparent at birth.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Teratogens
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
54) If Jennifer wants to reduce the risk of having a baby with a
birth defect caused by an environmental substance like drugs or alcohol, she
should understand that exposure to teratogens can cause the most damage during
1. A)
conception.
2. B)
gametogenesis.
3. C)
the fetal period.
4. D)
the embryonic period.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Teratogens
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
55) Exposure to teratogens during the fetal period will most
likely
1. A)
cause anatomical defects.
2. B)
lead to faulty organ functioning.
3. C)
result in miscarriage.
4. D)
affect implantation of the zygote.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Teratogens
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
56) The probability of a structural defect is greatest ________,
when organs are being formed.
1. A) at
the end of the fetal period
2. B) early
in the germinal period
3. C)
early in the embryonic period
4. D) at
the time of implantation
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Teratogens
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
57) After ________ is complete, teratogens can no longer cause
anatomical defects.
1. A)
morphogenesis
2. B)
organogenesis
3. C)
histogenesis
4. D)
embryogenesis
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Teratogens
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching
themes in psychology
58) The most common birth defect associated with women who took
thalidomide during pregnancy was
1. A)
emotional disturbances in the child.
2. B)
physical deformities of the limbs.
3. C)
cognitive abnormalities.
4. D)
preterm births.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
59) What common acne medication is prescribed to teenagers but
also appears on the prohibited list of drugs that should never be taken during
pregnancy?
1. A)
isotretinoin
2. B)
progestin
3. C)
streptomycin
4. D)
tetracycline
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
60) Consuming large amounts of caffeine while pregnant was
linked in a recent study to
1. A)
infants born at a low birth weight or who were small for the gestational age.
2. B)
increased risk of developing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
3. C)
reduced social functioning.
4. D)
emotional disturbances in adolescence.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Caffeine
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
61) According to your text, the risk of early pregnancy loss is
elevated when
1. A)
both men and women consume alcohol during the week of conception.
2. B)
mothers drink moderate or lower levels of caffeine during the week of
conception.
3. C)
mothers stop drinking once they learn they are pregnant.
4. D)
mothers take nonprescription drugs during the third trimester.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Alcohol
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
62) Jamie was born with facial deformities and defects of the
limbs, face, and heart. Jamie is also below average in intelligence. Jamie’s
mother most likely consumed ________ during pregnancy.
1. A)
alcohol
2. B)
caffeine
3. C)
heroin
4. D)
nicotine
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Alcohol
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
63) A cluster of abnormalities that appear in a newborn and
include facial and limb deformities and defects of the limbs, face, and heart,
and also often include neurocognitive difficulties and learning problems, are
known as
1. A)
cocaine-induced syndromes.
2. B)
embryonic nicotine syndromes.
3. C)
drug-induced fetal disorders.
4. D)
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Alcohol
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
64) Sheila wants to have a baby. She drinks one to two drinks a
day. She has vowed that as soon as she finds out she is pregnant she will stop
drinking completely. Sheila does not realize that
1. A)
alcohol can cause adverse effects only after the germinal period.
2. B)
moderate drinking of alcohol during pregnancy does not affect the fetus.
3. C)
alcohol does not cause any adverse effects during the embryonic period.
4. D)
consumption of alcohol during the week of conception increases the risk of
early pregnancy loss.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Alcohol
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
65) Cigarette smoking by pregnant women has been associated with
a higher incidence of
1. A)
spontaneous abortion.
2. B)
facial deformities.
3. C)
defective newborn reflexes.
4. D)
sudden infant death syndrome.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Nicotine
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
66) Gina is pregnant and is a heavy smoker. Her baby is more
likely to experience ________ than the baby of a nonsmoker.
1. A)
facial and limb deformities
2. B)
sudden infant death syndrome
3. C)
anatomical defects of the heart
4. D)
defective reflexes
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Nicotine
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
67) Frank smokes two packs of cigarettes a day. His wife,
Lauren, is pregnant and the doctor is concerned that Frank’s smoking will
result in the baby
1. A)
developing FASD after birth.
2. B)
developing facial deformities.
3. C) having
a low birth weight.
4. D)
being born with heart defects.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Nicotine
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
68) Children born to cocaine-using mothers are likely to
1. A) be
born with facial and limb deformities.
2. B)
have neurological and cognitive deficits.
3. C)
succumb to sudden infant death syndrome.
4. D) be
born with heart defects.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Cocaine
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching
themes in psychology
69) ________, like cocaine, speeds up an individual’s nervous
system.
1. A)
Heroin
2. B)
Marijuana
3. C)
Methamphetamine
4. D)
Alcohol
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Methamphetamine
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
70) Preterm and low birth weights are most closely associated
with which teratogen?
1. A)
alcohol
2. B)
nicotine
3. C)
aspirin
4. D)
tetracycline
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Nicotine
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
71) Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (secondhand smoke)
increases the risk of
1. A)
stillbirth.
2. B)
ADHD.
3. C)
weakening of the immune system.
4. D)
all of these.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Nicotine
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
72) The use of methamphetamines during pregnancy has been linked
to all the following birth defects EXCEPT
1. A)
flattened cheek bones and thin upper lips.
2. B)
infant mortality.
3. C)
behavioral problems.
4. D)
smaller head circumference.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Methamphetamine
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
73) Learning and memory difficulties in later childhood are most
closely linked to which teratogen?
1. A)
caffeine
2. B)
marijuana
3. C)
Accutane
4. D)
synthetic estrogen
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Marijuana
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
74) Nicole smoked marijuana while she was pregnant, As a result,
her son, who is now 14 years old, is
1. A)
likely to be taller than other teens his age.
2. B)
more likely to start smoking marijuana.
3. C)
less likely to use other recreational drugs.
4. D)
less likely to start smoking marijuana.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Marijuana
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
75) ________ has been linked with high infant mortality,
developmental and behavioral problems, and low birth weight.
1. A)
Heroin
2. B)
Marijuana
3. C)
Methamphetamine
4. D)
Cocaine
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Methamphetamine
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
76) The Rh factor can result in a risk to a child if
1. A)
the fetus’s blood is Rh negative and the mother’s is Rh positive.
2. B)
the fetus’s blood is Rh positive and the mother’s is Rh negative.
3. C)
the father’s Rh factor and the mother’s Rh factor are both negative.
4. D)
the father’s Rh factor and the mother’s Rh factor are both positive.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Incompatible Blood Types
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
77) When a mother’s blood type is Rh negative and the child’s
blood type is Rh positive,
1. A)
there is no available medical treatment for the incompatibility of blood types.
2. B)
certain prescription drugs can be taken by the mother to keep the baby safe.
3. C)
breastfeeding is not recommended for the first two months.
4. D)
the baby may be given blood transfusions before or immediately after birth.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Incompatible Blood Types
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
78) Which drug is used to try to minimize or counter the effects
of heroin on prenatal development?
1. A)
methadone
2. B)
caffeine
3. C)
alcohol
4. D)
oxytocin
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Heroin
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
79) ________ is a sexually transmitted infection, and it damages
organs after they have formed.
1. A)
Rubella
2. B)
Eczema herpeticum
3. C)
Pseudoangiomatosis
4. D)
Syphilis
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Diseases
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
80) The greatest risk for prenatal defects exists when a mother
contracts rubella
1. A) in
the third month of pregnancy.
2. B) in
the second trimester of pregnancy.
3. C)
right before birth.
4. D) in
the third or fourth week of pregnancy.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Diseases
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching
themes in psychology
81) At what stage of pregnancy is syphilis most likely to be
damaging?
1. A)
four months or more after conception
2. B)
during conception
3. C)
during implantation
4. D) in
the first trimester of pregnancy
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Maternal Diseases
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
82) Sharon, who is seven months pregnant, just visited her
doctor, who discovered that Sharon has a particular infection. The doctor said
that if he performs a cesarean section birth, Sharon will not pass her disease
on to her child. Sharon is most likely suffering from
1. A)
genital herpes.
2. B)
rubella.
3. C)
syphilis.
4. D)
toxoplasmosis.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Maternal Diseases
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
83) If a mother has been diagnosed as having the AIDS virus,
which of the following is most likely to be suggested to help reduce the
likelihood that the AIDS virus will be transmitted to her fetus?
1. A)
testing the baby for infection early in the pregnancy
2. B)
vaccinating the fetus while in the womb
3. C)
treating the mother with AZT during pregnancy
4. D)
breastfeeding the baby as soon as it is born
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Maternal Diseases
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
84) A woman with which of the following diseases is MOST likely
to deliver a very large infant (weighing 10 pounds or more)?
1. A)
AIDS
2. B)
rubella
3. C)
gestational diabetes
4. D)
syphilis
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Diseases
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
85) If a mother’s total caloric intake and intake of proteins,
vitamins, and minerals is insufficient, a child born to the mother is more
likely to
1. A)
develop eating disorders in adolescence.
2. B)
develop heart disease.
3. C)
have brittle bones.
4. D) be
malformed.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Diet and Nutrition
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
86) Folic acid, a B-complex vitamin, is important in preventing
1. A)
brittle bones.
2. B)
neural tube defects.
3. C)
facial deformities.
4. D)
cognitive problems.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Diet and Nutrition
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
87) The American Pregnancy Association (2017) has given the
following recommendation for women of childbearing age and young children:
Don’t eat
1. A)
swordfish.
2. B)
shrimp.
3. C)
salmon.
4. D)
catfish.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Diet and Nutrition
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
88) The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has given the
following recommendation for pregnant women: Increase your consumption of fish
such as
1. A)
swordfish.
2. B)
shark.
3. C)
king mackerel.
4. D)
cod.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Diet and Nutrition
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
89) Mary, a 16-year-old, found out she was pregnant and went to
a clinic to get some advice. There she learned that babies born to adolescent
mothers are
1. A)
much more likely to be stillborn and have higher infant mortality rates.
2. B)
more prone to be born with facial and limb deformities.
3. C) at
a higher risk for developing behavioral disorders.
4. D)
more likely to develop eating disorders as adolescents.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Maternal Age
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
90) Jo-Mei is 14 years old and pregnant. Compared to a pregnant
woman in her 20s, Jo-Mei is more likely to have
1. A) a
baby with Down syndrome.
2. B) a
baby with a propensity for high blood pressure.
3. C) a
baby that dies shortly after birth.
4. D)
difficulty getting pregnant a second time.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Maternal Age
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
91) Advanced maternal age confers a much greater risk of having
a baby with
1. A)
heart defects.
2. B)
Down syndrome.
3. C)
diabetes.
4. D)
respiratory diseases.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Age
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
92) While pregnant, Diana experienced several traumatic life
changes. She separated from her husband, discovered that her mother was
seriously ill, and began a more stressful job. Diana is at increased risk for
having a child with
1. A)
facial deformities.
2. B)
heart defects.
3. C)
defects of the limbs.
4. D)
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Emotional States and Stress
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
93) Depression during pregnancy has been linked to women who
1. A)
have babies with limb defects.
2. B)
have babies who will develop high blood pressure.
3. C)
feel morning sickness after conception.
4. D)
deliver their babies prematurely.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Emotional States and Stress
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
94) According to recent studies, depression during pregnancy can
result in an increase in ________ in infants.
1. A)
low birth weights
2. B)
physical abnormalities
3. C)
sensory difficulties
4. D)
cognitive abilities
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Emotional States and Stress
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
95) One study has shown that males who are long-term cocaine
users have elevated risks of all of the following EXCEPT
1. A)
low sperm count.
2. B)
abnormally formed sperm.
3. C)
low motility.
4. D)
increased fertility.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Paternal Factors
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
96) Males over 40 who become fathers increase the risk of having
offspring that
1. A)
develop schizophrenia.
2. B)
are intellectually gifted.
3. C)
are overly dependent on their mothers.
4. D)
show abnormally high signs of creativity.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Paternal Factors
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
97) Rick is 42 years old and considering becoming a father.
Should he be concerned that his age will affect the child?
1. A)
No, paternal age is not related to any known birth defects.
2. B)
No, only the age of the mother can affect the developing fetus.
3. C)
Yes: Because Rick is over 40, the child is more likely to have a smaller head
circumference.
4. D)
Yes: Because Rick is over 40, the child is more likely to be autistic.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Paternal Factors
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
98) Regarding paternal factors and pregnancy, an increased risk
for developing cancer is associated with fathers
40.
A) over the age of 40.
41.
B) who smoked prior to and during the pregnancy.
42.
C) who consumed minimal amounts of alcohol during the pregnancy.
43.
D) who were between the ages of 25 and 35.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Paternal Factors
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
99) Regarding paternal factors, autism is linked to
1. A)
the father using cocaine.
2. B)
the father drinking at the time of conception.
3. C)
fathers under the age of 20.
4. D)
fathers over the age of 40.
Answer:D
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Paternal Factors
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
100) Describe the important events and facts pertaining to each
of the three periods of prenatal development.
Answer: Students’ answers may vary.
The important events of the three periods of prenatal
development are these:
The germinal period: conception to two weeks; ends at
implantation of the fertilized egg (the zygote) in the uterus; cell division;
blastocyst; trophoblast
The embryonic period: Two weeks to eight weeks; organogenesis;
endoderm; ectoderm; mesoderm; embryo forms from zygote; life-support systems
mature and develop; placenta; umbilical cord; amniotic sac
The fetal period: two months to nine months; activity of fetus;
physical activity, refinement of bodily structures, tremendous growth and
weight gain in the last few months
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Germinal Period; Fetal Period; Embryonic Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
101) Scenario: Timothy was born at the end of the seventh month
of pregnancy. Which part of prenatal development did he miss out on?
Answer: Students’ answers may vary.
Timothy missed out on the last two months of prenatal
development. During these two months of pregnancy, fatty tissues develop, lungs
mature, functioning of organ systems steps up, and the fetus grows longer and
gains substantial weight. Also, Timothy is likely to have very low weight.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Fetal Period
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
102) What are the similarities and differences between the birth
defects anencephaly and spina bifida?
Answer: Students’ answers may vary.
Similarities between anencephaly and spina bifida: Both are
caused by failure of the neural tube to close, and both may be prevented by
adequate amounts of the B vitamin folic acid in a pregnant woman’s diet.
Differences between anencephaly and spina bifida: Anencephaly
occurs when the head end of the neural tube fails to close. As a result, the
highest regions of the brain fail to develop and the fetus dies in the womb,
during childbirth, or shortly after birth. Spina bifida occurs when lower
portions of the neural tube fail to close, resulting in an incomplete
development of the spinal cord. Spina bifida causes varying degrees of
paralysis of the lower limbs. Individuals with spina bifida usually need
assistive devices such as crutches, braces, or wheelchairs.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Prenatal Brain Development
Learning Objective: Discuss the three periods of prenatal
development.
Bloom’s: Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
103) Other than not using drugs, list at least three ways
pregnant women can improve the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy and healthy
baby. How does each help?
Answer: Students’ answers may vary.
Pregnant women can improve the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy
and healthy baby by doing the following:
Eating nutritiously: contributes to healthy birth weight and
lowers the risk of birth defects
Reducing stress: allows for the proper flow of blood and oxygen
to the uterine area, which lowers the risk of hyperactivity and irritability
after birth; also reduces chances of a preterm birth
Exercising: lowers stress levels and contributes to the health
of the mother
Avoiding environmental hazards: reduces the risk of birth
defects, miscarriages, and preterm births
Developing a support system: lowers stress levels
Participating in prenatal care: provides screenings for
treatable and manageable diseases that if left untreated might damage the
fetus; also offers education on topics related to pregnancy
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Prenatal Care; Environmental Hazards; Exercise;
Expectant Mother’s Nutrition and Weight Gain; Paternal Factors
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
104) Scenario: Janise, who is African American, is living in the
inner city and is pregnant with her second child. She supports herself by
working two part-time jobs. Food stamps supplement her living allowance.
Neither of her employers offers coverage for prenatal care because of her
part-time status. What are the risks to her baby? How might things be different
if Janise were living in, say, Norway?
Answer: Students’ answers may vary.
The risks to Janise and her baby include lower birth weight,
premature birth, lack of preventative care for the infant that could include
screenings for treatable conditions, and inadequate understanding by Janise of
what she needs to do or what she can expect from the pregnancy and birth. If
Janise had been living in Norway, it is likely that she would have received
free or at least low-cost prenatal and postnatal care. She would have received
anywhere from 9 to 40 weeks of paid maternity leave. Also, a team that would
likely include a general practitioner, an obstetrician, and a midwife would
have coordinated to provide prenatal care to Janise.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Prenatal Care
Learning Objective: Summarize how nutrition, exercises,
and prenatal care are important aspects of the expectant mother’s pregnancy.
Bloom’s: Apply
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
105) Compare and contrast the effects of the mother’s drug use
and the father’s drug use on the fetus.
Answer: Students’ answers may vary.
Drug use by either parent can have very negative outcomes on a
fetus, but drug use by the mother is vastly more dangerous because it typically
exposes the fetus directly to the teratogen. The nature of the effect is
dependent on the type of drug and level of use by the mother, but it can
include an incredibly wide range of conditions, including preterm birth, infant
mortality, lower birth weight, physical abnormalities including failure of
organs and limbs to develop fully or developing in an abnormal way, slower
cognitive development, tremors, attention deficits, and behavioral difficulties
at birth including tremors, impaired motor control, and disturbed sleep.
Drug use by the father can also cause serious problems, both by
exposing the fetus to drugs environmentally (such as with second-hand smoke) or
through damage to his own biology. Effects can include increased risk of
miscarriage, early pregnancy loss, and diseases such as childhood cancer, birth
defects, and lower birth weight.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Environmental Hazards
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Analyze
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
106) Scenario: During Joann’s teenage years she had multiple
sexual partners and contracted syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease. Now
she is married and wants to have a child. If Joann does become pregnant, what
are the risks to the fetus?
Answer: Students’ answers may vary.
Syphilis is more damaging later in prenatal development—four
months or more after conception. Rather than affecting organogenesis, as
rubella does, syphilis damages organs after they have formed. Damage includes
eye lesions, which can cause blindness, and skin lesions. When syphilis is
present at birth, problems can develop in the central nervous system and
gastrointestinal tract.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Maternal Diseases
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
107) Laura contracted AIDS a few months before her pregnancy.
What are the possible outcomes for her child with regard to the HIV infection?
Answer: Considering Laura was infected with HIV during her
pregnancy, Laura’s child can be:
Infected and symptomatic (show HIV symptoms),
Infected but asymptomatic (not show HIV symptoms), or
Not infected at all.
If Laura’s child gets infected and is asymptomatic, he or she
may still develop HIV symptoms until 15 months of age.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Maternal Diseases
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
108) Because of her job, Laura was exposed to high levels of
X-ray radiation during the first few weeks of her pregnancy. What are the
possible outcomes for her child?
Answer: Considering Laura was exposed to X-ray radiation
during her pregnancy, Laura’s child will have a greater risk for the following:
Microencephaly (an abnormally small brain)
intellectual disabilities
leukemia
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Maternal Diseases
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
109) Janice contracted AIDS a month after her son was born. Is
it possible for her son to get infected from her, and if so, how?
Answer:Janice can pass on the HIV/AIDS to her son postpartum
(after birth) through breastfeeding.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Maternal Diseases
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
110) Jennifer has developed gestational diabetes during her
pregnancy. What are the risks this condition poses to her child?
Answer: As Jennifer has developed gestational diabetes
during her pregnancy, she may deliver a very large infant (10 pounds or more)
and the infant itself may be at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Maternal Diseases
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
111) Sandra was obese before her pregnancy. Even though she was
advised by her doctor to lose weight, she has not done much about it and has
stayed obese during her pregnancy. What are the risks her offspring faces?
Answer: Sandra’s obesity increases the risks of preterm
birth. Her infant also faces higher risk of neural tube defects, preterm
deliveries, and late-term fetal death. Cardiovascular disease and type 2
diabetes are risks for the adolescent and adult offspring of an obese mother.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Maternal Diet and Nutrition
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
112) What are the possible effects of folic acid deficiency in a
pregnant woman’s diet?
Answer: Folic acid deficiency in a pregnant woman’s diet
may lead to increased risk of the following:
Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, in the offspring
Preterm birth
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Maternal Diet and Nutrition
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
113) Julia has eaten a lot of shark, swordfish, and king
mackerel during her pregnancy because eating fish is often recommended as part
of a healthy diet. What are the risks this may pose to her child?
Answer: Even though eating fish is often recommended as
part of a healthy diet, high levels of mercury can accumulate in large fishes
such as sharks, swordfishes, and king mackerels. By eating large quantities,
Julia has exposed her child to mercury. Mercury can easily cross the placenta
and affect an embryo’s developing brain and nervous system. Risks associated
with high levels of prenatal mercury exposure include miscarriage, preterm
birth, and lower intelligence.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Topic: Maternal Diet and Nutrition
Learning Objective: Describe potential hazards during
prenatal development.
Bloom’s: Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
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