Communication Research Asking Questions Finding Answers Joann Keyton 5th Edition- Test Bank
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Communication Research: Asking Questions, Finding Answers, 5e (Keyton)
Chapter 3 Research Ethics
1) Beneficence is achieved when:
1. A)
researchers’ rights are protected.
2. B)
the results of a research project benefit the public.
3. C)
the well-being of research participants is protected.
4. D)
research risks are taken into consideration in the designing of a project.
5. E)
none of the above.
Answer: C
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2) Respect for persons is achieved when:
1. A)
research participants are treated as capable of making decisions for
themselves.
2. B)
researchers take extra steps to protect those participants who are not capable
of making their own decisions.
3. C)
participants voluntarily participate in the research project.
4. D)
participants agree to participate after being given a description of the
project and their involvement.
5. E)
all of the above.
Answer: E
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3) Justice is achieved when:
1. A)
other researchers agree that your project was adequately planned.
2. B)
the research team finds the results they hypothesized.
3. C)
the research team publishes their research results.
4. D)
all participants are treated as equal and benefit from participating in the
study.
5. E)
individuals who want to participate in a research project are chosen to
participate.
Answer: D
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4) An institutional review board, or human subjects review
committee, can make which of the following decisions?
1. A)
Approve the research proposal.
2. B)
Require changes in the research proposal.
3. C)
Deny the research proposal.
4. D)
All of the above.
5. E)
None of the above.
Answer: D
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5) Informed consent is:
1. A)
when participants voluntarily agree to participate in your research project.
2. B)
when participants voluntarily agree to participate in your research project
after being given basic information about the research process.
3. C)
explaining the research procedure to individuals before they are chosen to
participate in your research project.
4. D)
the letter researchers send to participants asking them to participate in the
research project.
5. E)
the form participants sign after they have participated in the research
project.
Answer: B
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6) Audio recording and video recording can be used in data
collection if:
1. A)
participants consent to be recorded.
2. B)
participants know what is to be recorded.
3. C)
participants know how the recording is being made.
4. D)
the researcher protects the confidentiality of participants who are recorded.
5. E)
All of the above.
Answer: E
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Match the following terms and the descriptions:
A)physical harm
B)debriefing
C)anonymity
D)psychological harm
E)confederate
F)confidentiality
G)deception
7) Has the potential to occur when researchers explore sensitive
topics, or use methods in which participants re-live negative situations
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8) A person who pretends to be participating in the research
project but is really helping the researcher with the conditions of the study
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9) Purposely and necessarily misleading participants so they are
ignorant about the purpose of the research study
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10) Opportunity for researcher to explain the purpose of the
study and expected results
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11) Overly invasive physical procedures
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12) Information or data the participant provides is controlled
by the researcher so others do not have access to it
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13) Information that can identify participants are not attached
to the data
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Answers: 7) D 8) E 9) G 10) B 11) A12) F 13) C
14) The best time to consider the ethical standards for
conducting research is in the planning of the research process.
Answer: TRUE
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15) There is one agreed-upon and published set of ethical
standards and practices for conducting communication research.
Answer: FALSE
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16) Research sponsors and universities can differ to which
ethical standards are required. Before collecting any data, researchers should
check with their institution (and sponsor, if applicable) to determine which
standards must be followed and which approvals are needed.
Answer: TRUE
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17) Informed consent creates obligations and responsibilities
for the researcher.
Answer: TRUE
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18) When an individual refuses to participate, ethical
guidelines suggest that researchers try other persuasive techniques to
encourage participation.
Answer: FALSE
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19) Because it is more difficult for researchers using
qualitative methods to completely plan their research process, they are allowed
to avoid informed consent procedures.
Answer: FALSE
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20) Regardless of who prepares the research report, the
researcher is responsible for the accuracy of data contained in the report.
Answer: TRUE
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21) Explain why ethical standards for conducting research would
change with respect to changes in scientific practices and in response to
collecting data from new locations.
Answer: Answers will vary
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22) Give examples of the two broad ethical responsibilities all
researchers share.
Answer: Answers will vary
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23) Identify five questions researchers should ask and answer
during the design of their research projects.
Answer: Answers will vary
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24) Explain the ethical responsibilities of research
participants.
Answer: Answers will vary
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25) Describe five of the elements that must be contained in
informed consent.
Answer: Answers will vary
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26) Explain how the “public” and “private” nature of
communication affects the requirement for informed consent for qualitative
research projects.
Answer: Answers will vary
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27) Describe the steps a researcher could take to create
anonymity for research participants.
Answer: Answers will vary
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28) Explain why plagiarism is an ethical concern to which
researchers must attend.
Answer: Answers will vary
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Communication Research: Asking Questions, Finding Answers, 5e (Keyton)
Chapter 5 Measurement
1) Measurement is:
1. A)
the same as evaluation.
2. B)
identifying variables as independent or dependent.
3. C)
collecting data through a questionnaire, or counting the number of instances a
particular event occurs.
4. D)
the same as interpretation.
5. E) everything
the researcher does to arrive at the numerical estimate.
Answer: E
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2) Measurement allows researchers to make comparisons among:
1. A)
individuals in the research project.
2. B)
multiple studies using the same measurement device.
3. C)
variables in one study.
4. D)
all of the above.
5. E)
none of the above.
Answer: D
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3) A variable measured with discrete data means that the data
identify participants as belonging to
1. A)
one of at least two categories of the same variable.
2. B)
one of several categories of multiple variables.
3. C)
some position on a continuum of scores.
4. D) a
ranked position as compared to other participants.
5. E)
some position on a continuum of scores, including zero.
Answer: A
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4) Continuous level data:
1. A)
reflect differing degrees, amounts, or frequencies.
2. B)
range from some minimum to maximum quantity.
3. C)
reflect different categories of a variable.
4. D)
are only produced from participants’ answers to items on a questionnaire.
5. E) A
and B.
Answer: E
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5) A Likert-type scale:
1. A) is
a discrete measurement.
2. B)
has a true zero.
3. C)
distinguishes which element is highest, next highest, and so on.
4. D) has
a response set which must be balanced at the ends of the continuum.
5. E) is
any measurement that uses numbers as the response.
Answer: D
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6) A semantic differential scale:
1. A)
asks participants to locate the meaning they ascribe to a stimulus.
2. B) is
a form of continuous level measurement.
3. C) is
anchored by two opposite or bipolar adjectives.
4. D)
does not include descriptors for the intermediate positions.
5. E)
all of the above.
Answer: E
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7) A threat to validity or reliability is:
1. A)
any data-related problem that could lead you to draw a false conclusion from
the data.
2. B)
not really an issue if you’re not going to publish your research.
3. C)
generated by research participants only.
4. D)
generated by researchers only.
5. E)
generated only when participants drop out of a study that collects data over a
long period of time.
Answer: A
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8) Choose the research term that describes the ranking of
preferences for political candidates.
1. A)
Discrete data
2. B)
Interval data
3. C)
Ordinal data
4. D)
Ratio data
Answer: C
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9) Choose the research term that describes the score on
communication competence questionnaire.
1. A)
Discrete data
2. B)
Interval data
3. C)
Ordinal data
4. D)
Ratio data
Answer: B
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10) Choose the research term that describes the sex.
1. A)
Discrete data
2. B)
Interval data
3. C)
Ordinal data
4. D)
Ratio data
Answer: A
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11) Choose the research term that describes the employment
status.
1. A)
Discrete data
2. B)
Interval data
3. C)
Ordinal data
4. D)
Ratio data
Answer: A
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12) Choose the research term that describes the ranking of
television markets.
1. A)
Discrete data
2. B)
Interval data
3. C)
Ordinal data
4. D)
Ratio data
Answer: C
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13) Choose the research term that describes the number of times
the audience asks a speaker questions.
1. A)
Discrete data
2. B)
Interval data
3. C)
Ordinal data
4. D)
Ratio data
Answer: D
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14) Choose the research term that describes “measures what you
want it to measure and not something else.”
1. A) Reliability
2. B)
Split-Half reliability
3. C)
Test-Retest reliability
4. D)
Validity
Answer: D
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15) Choose the research term that describes the degree of
similarity in measurements captured at different points in time.
1. A) Reliability
2. B)
Split-Half reliability
3. C)
Test-Retest reliability
4. D)
Validity
Answer: C
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16) Choose the research term that describes the relationship
between the concept being measured and the process of measuring it.
1. A)
Criterion-related validity
2. B)
Face validity
3. C)
Internal reliability
4. D)
Internal validity
Answer: D
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17) Choose the research term that describes “measuring the core
concept that was intended to be measured and not something else.”
1. A)
Construct validity
2. B)
Content validity
3. C)
Criterion-related validity
4. D)
Face validity
Answer: A
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18) Choose the research term that describes “reflects true
differences among individuals’ scores.”
1. A)
Reliability
2. B)
Split-Half reliability
3. C)
Test-Retest reliability
4. D)
Validity
Answer: D
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19) Choose the research term that describes the following
concept: just by looking at the measuring device we believe it will measure
what it is supposed to measure.
1. A)
Construct validity
2. B)
Content validity
3. C)
Criterion-related validity
4. D)
Face validity
Answer: D
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20) Choose the research term that describes the following
concept: achieved when one measurement can be linked to some other external
measure.
1. A)
Construct validity
2. B)
Content validity
3. C)
Criterion-related validity
4. D)
Face validity
Answer: C
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21) Choose the research term that describes the following
concept: a reliability coefficient indicates the degree to which this concept
occurred.
1. A)
Internal reliability
2. B)
Internal validity
3. C)
Reliability
4. D)
Split-Half reliability
Answer: A
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22) Choose the research term that describes the easiest type of
validity to establish.
1. A)
Construct validity
2. B)
Content validity
3. C)
Criterion-related validity
4. D)
Face validity
Answer: D
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23) Choose the research term that describes the degree to which
the measuring device represents the full range of characteristics associated
with the construct of interest.
1. A)
Construct validity
2. B)
Content validity
3. C)
Criterion-related validity
4. D)
Face validity
Answer: B
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24) Choose the research term that describes “the measurement is
stable, trustworthy, or dependable.”
1. A)
Reliability
2. B)
Split-Half reliability
3. C)
Test-Retest reliability
4. D)
Validity
Answer: A
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25) Choose the research term that describes the degree to which
multiple items invoke the same response from the participant.
1. A)
Face validity
2. B)
Internal reliability
3. C)
Internal validity
4. D)
Reliability
Answer: B
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26) Choose the research term that describes “using half of the
measuring items for one measurement; the other half at another measurement.”
1. A)
Reliability
2. B)
Split-Half reliability
3. C)
Test-Retest reliability
4. D)
Validity
Answer: B
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27) Choose the research term that describes “can be threatened
when researcher selects participants through convenience.”
1. A)
Internal validity
2. B)
Morality or attrition
3. C)
Maturation
4. D) External
validity
5. E)
Ecological validity
Answer: D
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28) Choose the research term that describes “can be threatened
by the researcher’s influence on participants.”
1. A)
Internal validity
2. B)
Morality or attrition
3. C)
Maturation
4. D)
External validity
5. E)
Ecological validity
Answer: A
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29) Choose the research term that describes the participants
change over time.
1. A)
Internal validity
2. B)
Morality or attrition
3. C)
Maturation
4. D) External
validity
5. E)
Ecological validity
Answer: C
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30) Choose the research term that describes “can be threatened
when researchers used questionnaires that are dated.”
1. A)
Internal validity
2. B)
Morality or attrition
3. C)
Maturation
4. D)
External validity
5. E)
Ecological validity
Answer: A
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31) Choose the research term that describes “participants drop
out of study that occurs over a long-time period.”
1. A)
Internal validity
2. B) Morality
or attrition
3. C)
Maturation
4. D)
External validity
5. E)
Ecological validity
Answer: B
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32) Choose the research term that describes “particularly
problematic when researcher uses university students as participants to
generalize results to other populations and samples.”
1. A)
Internal validity
2. B)
Morality or attrition
3. C)
Maturation
4. D)
External validity
5. E)
Ecological validity
Answer: E
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33) Discrete data are sometimes referred to as nominal data or
categorical data.
Answer: TRUE
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34) Discrete data reflect amounts of the variable.
Answer: FALSE
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35) Generally, reliability can be improved.
Answer: TRUE
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36) In practice, perfect reliability is easily achieved.
Answer: FALSE
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37) Measurements must be both valid and reliable.
Answer: TRUE
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38) A measurement can be reliable, but not valid.
Answer: TRUE
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39) The quality of data interpretation cannot be better than the
quality of data collected.
Answer: TRUE
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40) Explain the difference between measurement as a description
and an evaluation.
Answer: Answers will vary
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41) Explain the difference between discrete and continuous data
and give examples of both.
Answer: Answers will vary
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42) Define and give examples of the three criteria the
categories of discrete data must meet.
Answer: Answers will vary
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43) Describe the essential elements of a Likert-type scale. Give
an example. Explain the types of error and bias that can affect the internal
reliability of a questionnaire.
Answer: Answers will vary
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44) Explain the relationship between validity and reliability.
Answer: Answers will vary
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