Community Policing Partnerships for Problem Solving 7th Edition by Linda S. Miller – Test Bank
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CHAPTER 3: UNDERSTANDING AND INVOLVING THE COMMUNITY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Restorative
justice can be traced back to:
|
a. |
English Common Law. |
|
b. |
Code of Hammurabi. |
|
c. |
William the Conqueror. |
|
d. |
Sir Alfred the Great. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
REF: p. 76
2. What
city, in 1985, hosted its first citizen police academy?
|
a. |
Washington, DC |
|
b. |
Los Angeles, California |
|
c. |
Minneapolis, Minnesota |
|
d. |
Orlando, Florida |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
REF: p. 81
3. According
to the text, public peace is established by:
|
a. |
the U.S. Constitution and Bill |
|
b. |
federal and state statutes. |
|
c. |
the social contract. of Rights. |
|
d. |
all of the above |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
REF: p. 60
4. The
social contract:
|
a. |
means that, in a free society, people
can do exactly as they please. |
|
b. |
has been weakened by increased mobility
and economic factors. |
|
c. |
is dependent upon the government to
support. |
|
d. |
is a redistribution of accountability
and authority. |
ANS:
B
PTS: 1
REF: p. 60
5. The
social contract:
|
a. |
provides that each person must give up
some freedom. |
|
b. |
provides that, in a free society,
people can do everything they want without restriction. |
|
c. |
has been weakened by increased mobility
and economic factors. |
|
d. |
both b and c |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
REF: p. 60
6. Community,
as defined by the text:
|
a. |
applies only to neighborhoods where
people know each other by name. |
|
b. |
develops only after crime is totally
eradicated from that specific neighborhood. |
|
c. |
applies to a specific area and the
individuals, organizations, and agencies in that area. |
|
d. |
all of the above |
ANS:
C
PTS: 1
REF: p. 61
7. Coleman
saw the two most important elements in social capital as being:
|
a. |
commitment and collaboration. |
|
b. |
safety and security. |
|
c. |
enforcement and control. |
|
d. |
trustworthiness and obligations. |
ANS: D
PTS:
1
REF: p. 62
8. The
broken windows phenomenon signifies:
|
a. |
that people don’t care about the
neighborhood. |
|
b. |
an impending crime wave. |
|
c. |
an ineffective police force. |
|
d. |
all of the above |
ANS: A
PTS:
1
REF: p. 64
9. A
neighborhood that objects to the placement of a homeless shelter within it
provides an example of:
|
a. |
diversion. |
|
b. |
plea bargaining. |
|
c. |
NIMBY. |
|
d. |
diffusion. |
ANS: C
PTS:
1
REF: p. 75
10.
If police expect to maintain order, they must maintain effective
interactions with all of the following community organizations and institutions
except:
|
a. |
schools in the community. |
|
b. |
the Department of Human Services. |
|
c. |
health care providers. |
|
d. |
defense attorneys. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
REF: p. 71
11.
A sense of community can be undermined by:
|
a. |
increased violent crime. |
|
b. |
clashes between community groups. |
|
c. |
severe social disorganization. |
|
d. |
all of the above |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
REF: pp. 66–67
12.
Operating within each community is a power structure that can
enhance or endanger:
|
a. |
political groups. |
|
b. |
neighborhood watch groups. |
|
c. |
ethnic groups. |
|
d. |
police–community relations. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
REF: p. 73
13.
According to the text, plea bargaining, diversion, community alternatives
to prison, capital punishment, and victim’s rights are:
|
a. |
controversial issues in the criminal
justice system that affect police–community -partnerships. |
|
b. |
issues within a police officer’s
appropriate sphere of action. |
|
c. |
proven methods of eliminating crime. |
|
d. |
sustainable communities. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
REF: p. 75
14.
The system that tries to keep juvenile status offenders and
delinquents from the court’s -jurisdiction is called:
|
a. |
bifurcation. |
|
b. |
rehabilitation. |
|
c. |
diversion. |
|
d. |
plea bargaining. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
REF: p. 75
15.
Teens, Crime, and the Community is a program that believes
smarter youth make:
|
a. |
stronger families. |
|
b. |
harder workers. |
|
c. |
less juvenile recidivism. |
|
d. |
safer communities. |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
REF: p. 84
16.
According to the text, the importance of ___________ to all
citizens is a central theme in the discussion of community.
|
a. |
corporate rights |
|
b. |
special rights |
|
c. |
individual rights |
|
d. |
community rights |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
REF: p. 60
17.
When people do not care about their community, one of the signs
of not caring would be:
|
a. |
potholes. |
|
b. |
empty houses. |
|
c. |
broken windows. |
|
d. |
high traffic counts. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
REF: p. 64
18.
Displacement:
|
a. |
often occurs in a community “soft” on
crime. |
|
b. |
applies to criminal activity that has
moved to a new location due to increased police -presence. |
|
c. |
is linked to factors such as
availability of jobs and level of education. |
|
d. |
all of the above |
ANS:
B
PTS: 1
REF: p. 67
19.
The point at which an ordinary, stable phenomenon can turn into
a crisis is referred to as:
|
a. |
flight point. |
|
b. |
tipping point. |
|
c. |
ethnic instability. |
|
d. |
turf war. |
ANS:
B
PTS: 1
REF: p. 67
20.
A community’s informal power structure includes all except:
|
a. |
regulatory agencies. |
|
b. |
ethnic groups. |
|
c. |
political groups. |
|
d. |
religious assemblies. |
ANS:
A
PTS: 1
REF: p. 73
21.
Which of the following is an example cited by the text of how
the security industry can assist law enforcement?
|
a. |
serve civil documents |
|
b. |
respond to burglar alarms |
|
c. |
assist with traffic control |
|
d. |
monitor community watch programs |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
REF: p. 72
22.
A restorative justice model:
|
a. |
views offenders as victims of society. |
|
b. |
insists that individuals are
accountable to the victim and the victim’s community. |
|
c. |
is primarily concerned with ensuring a
fair system. |
|
d. |
none of the above |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
REF: p. 76
23.
The face of America is changing rapidly; in the next few years:
|
a. |
the elderly population will decrease. |
|
b. |
white dominance will end; minorities
will increase. |
|
c. |
the number of immigrants will decrease. |
|
d. |
all of the above |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
REF: p. 70
24.
According to the text, civilian oversight is:
|
a. |
a recent development in American
policing, having first been used in the 1970s. |
|
b. |
becoming more prevalent. |
|
c. |
not accepted by police agencies. |
|
d. |
all of the above |
ANS:
B
PTS: 1
REF: p. 78
25.
According to the text, police opposition to civilian review
boards occurs because:
|
a. |
civilians can’t understand the
complexities of police work. |
|
b. |
police are able to objectively review
actions of their colleagues. |
|
c. |
it is a sign of distrust by the public
to be reviewed by an outside source. |
|
d. |
police discipline is handled
internally. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
REF: p. 79
26.
Who shares the same goals as law enforcement?
|
a. |
citizens |
|
b. |
government |
|
c. |
private security |
|
d. |
all of the above |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
REF: pp. 71–73
27.
According to Coleman, the two most important elements in social
capital are:
|
a. |
honesty and integrity. |
|
b. |
crime and punishment. |
|
c. |
trustworthiness and obligations. |
|
d. |
public and private enforcement. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
REF: p. 62
28.
The ABP was formed as a mechanism to help:
|
a. |
combat street-level drug dealing in
middle-class neighborhoods. |
|
b. |
guard entrances to buildings and ask
visitors to sign in. |
|
c. |
patrol the U.S. borders, finding and
detaining illegal immigrants. |
|
d. |
walk the streets to deter prostitution. |
ANS: C
PTS:
1
REF: p. 80
29.
The _________ includes divisions of society with wealth and
political influence such as -federal, state, and local agencies and
governments; commissions; and regulatory agencies.
|
a. |
criminal justice system |
|
b. |
informal power structure |
|
c. |
formal power structure |
|
d. |
none of the above |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
REF: p. 73
30.
VIPS stands for:
|
a. |
very important person security. |
|
b. |
volunteers in police service. |
|
c. |
volunteers in public service. |
|
d. |
none of the above |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
REF: p. 83
TRUE/FALSE
1. According
to the text, citizens’ police academies are designed to familiarize citizens
with law enforcement.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: p. 80
2. In
Zimbardo’s “broken windows” experiment, the car parked on an upscale street was
left alone until it was towed away.
ANS:
F
PTS: 1
REF: p. 64
3. Government
policies can destroy social capital.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: p. 64
4. Some
citizen review boards require police officials to sit on them as members, which
may result in the perception of impartiality.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: p. 79
5. A
group of signs, causes, and symptoms that occur together to foster specific
crimes is called the NIMBY syndrome.
ANS: F
PTS:
1
REF: p. 75
6. If
the community is unresponsive, community policing cannot succeed, no matter how
hard the police work.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: p. 66
7. Citizens
who demand to be involved in the review process maintain that internal police
-discipline is tantamount to allowing the “fox to investigate thefts in the
chicken coop.”
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: p. 78
8. Local
police are usually happy to have the Guardian Angels in their community because
they have a calming effect on the areas they patrol.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: p. 79
9. The
focus of restorative justice is on establishing blame and guilt.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: p. 85
10.
A good relationship between private and public policing is
important.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: p. 71
11.
Citizen police academies train citizens to be police officers
when the police are not -available.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: p. 80
12.
According to the text, the “civic” generation born in the first
third of the 20th century is -being replaced by baby boomers and Generation
X-ers who have been characterized as -being much more civic-minded.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: p. 63
13.
Networks that link individuals to various levels of government,
including the police, would be considered local social capital.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: p. 62
14.
Increases in incivilities may increase the fear of crime and
reduce citizens’ sense of safety.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: pp. 64–65
15.
Ghettos are the focus of many anticrime efforts, which is
perceived as a bias on the part of law enforcement.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: p. 69
16.
Most communities have only a formal power structure.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: p. 73
17.
Citizen patrols are a twentieth-century phenomenon.
ANS:
F
PTS:
1
REF: p. 80
18.
Improving the image of the police and increasing the public’s
willingness to cooperate is a positive outcome of citizen police academies.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: p. 82
19.
A theory called “the ecology of crime” explains how criminal
opportunities are created in neighborhoods.
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
REF: p. 67
20.
According to the text, law enforcement frequently works with the
Guardian Angels to help protect citizens from criminal activity.
ANS: F
PTS:
1
REF: p. 79
SHORT ANSWER
1. The
“_________________” is the point at which an ordinary, stable phenomenon can
turn into a crisis.
ANS:
tipping point
PTS:
1
REF: p. 67
2. A
_________________ is an area of a city usually inhabited by individuals of the
same race or ethnic background who live in poverty and, to outsiders, apparent
social disorganization.
ANS:
ghetto
PTS:
1
REF: p. 69
3. NIMBY
stands for _________________.
ANS:
“not in my backyard”
PTS:
1
REF: p. 75
4. When
prosecutors charge a defendant with a lesser charge in exchange for a guilty
plea, it is called _________________.
ANS:
plea bargaining
PTS:
1
REF: p. 75
5. Cracking
down on crime often results in _________________, the relocation of crime and
criminals to neighboring areas outside the enforcement zone.
ANS:
displacement
PTS:
1
REF: p. 67
6. The approach
to sentencing that holds offenders accountable not to the state but to the
victim harmed and the community that has been disrupted is _________________
justice.
ANS:
restorative
PTS:
1
REF: p. 76
7. The
widening of the gap between those with wealth (the “haves”) and those living in
poverty (the “have-nots”), with a shrinking middle class, is known as a
_________________
ANS:
bifurcated society
PTS:
1
REF: p. 70
8. According
to the text, The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) is
-committed to promoting law enforcement – _________________ partnerships.
ANS:
private security
PTS:
1
REF: p. 72
9. The
_________________ includes divisions of society with wealth and political
influence such as federal, state, and local agencies and governments,
commissions, and regulatory agencies.
ANS:
formal power structure
PTS:
1
REF: p. 73
10.
According to the text, _________________ along with the police
plays a major role in -safeguarding Americans and their property.
ANS:
private security
PTS:
1
REF: p. 71
11.
The _________________ provides that for everyone to receive
justice, each person must relinquish some freedom.
ANS:
social contract
PTS:
1
REF: p. 60
12.
The _________________ refers to a striking decline in social
capital and civic engagement in the United States.
ANS:
bowling alone phenomenon
PTS: 1
REF: p. 63
13.
_________________ is a system that removes juvenile status
offenders and delinquents from the jurisdiction of the courts.
ANS:
diversion
PTS:
1
REF: p. 75
14.
Incivilities and social disorder occur when _________________
have eroded.
ANS:
social control mechanisms
PTS:
1
REF: p. 64
ESSAY
1. Explain
the concept of social capital and discuss the community factors that affect it.
ANS:
Answer varies.
PTS: 1
REF: p. 62
2. Discuss
the differences between the traditional retributive approach to justice and
restorative justice.
ANS:
Answer varies.
PTS:
1
REF: pp. 76–77
3. Outline
and discuss the arguments on both sides of the citizen review debate—those
favoring civilian review and those opposed to it. Can a balance be reached?
Support your answer.
ANS:
Answer varies.
PTS:
1
REF: pp. 78–79
4. List
and describe, as listed in the text, activities commonly performed by citizen
patrols.
ANS:
Answer varies.
PTS:
1
REF: pp. 79–80
5. Describe
and explain formal and informal power structure in most communities.
ANS:
Answer varies.
PTS:
1
REF: p. 73
CHAPTER 5: IMPLEMENTING COMMUNITY POLICING
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. All
of the following are considered “participatory style” styles of
leadership except:
|
a. |
go by the book. |
|
b. |
teamwork. |
|
c. |
trust employees. |
|
d. |
problem solving. |
ANS: A
PTS:
1
REF: p. 123
2. According
to the text, the transition to community policing is made easier by:
|
a. |
officers who accept orders
unquestioningly. |
|
b. |
recognition of the importance of
intrinsic rewards. |
|
c. |
the need to provide fewer services with
more resources. |
|
d. |
all of the above |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
REF: p. 121
3. Those
individuals who embrace uncertainty and change are called:
|
a. |
early adopters. |
|
b. |
late adopters. |
|
c. |
innovators. |
|
d. |
late majority. |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
REF: p. 121
4. Which
of the following is not a likely benefit of implementing community policing?
|
a. |
Prevention and detection of crime is increased. |
|
b. |
Positive relationships are built
between police and community and among community members themselves. |
|
c. |
Immediate reduction of crime levels. |
|
d. |
Police resources are extended. |
ANS:
C
PTS: 1
REF: pp. 136–137
5. According
to the text, community policing will require a change in:
|
a. |
mission statement. |
|
b. |
departmental organization. |
|
c. |
the general approach to “fighting
crime.” |
|
d. |
all of the above |
ANS: D
PTS:
1
REF: p. 122
6. According
to the text, an organization with fewer lieutenants and captains, fewer staff
-departments, fewer staff assistants, more sergeants, and more patrol officers
is an example of an organization that is:
|
a. |
well rounded. |
|
b. |
flat. |
|
c. |
top-heavy. |
|
d. |
decentralized. |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
REF: p. 126
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