Comparative Criminal Justice Systems 4th International Edition by Harry R. Dammer – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 3 — Families of Law
Multiple Choice
1. The
most typical form of borrowing from legal traditions is to combine aspects of
which families of law?
2. Common
and Socialist
*
b) Common and Civil
1. c)
Civil and Canon
2. d)
Civil and Socialist
2. The
oldest formal legal system believed to have originated as early as 4000 B.C.
was:
*
a) Egyptian
1. Roman
2. Greek
3. Chinese
3. Law
that is developed by modern states in their legislatures or through their
regulatory process that deals largely with the relations between government and
citizens is:
4. Private
Law
5. Civil
Law
*
c) Public Law
1. d)
Criminal Law
4. Law
that regulates behavior between individuals is:
*
a) Private Law
1. b)
Public Law
2. Criminal
Law
3. Secular
Law
5. Judicial
independence is characteristic of:
6. Civil
Law
7. Socialist
Law
*
c) Common Law
1. d) Islamic
Law
6. Socialist
Law emphasizes:
*
a) communal values over
individualism.
1. b)
competition over cooperation
2. treatment
over punishment
3. both
a and c
7. The
legal tradition based on codification of laws is:
*
a) Civil Law
1. b)
Socialist Law
2. Common
Law
3. Islamic
Law
8. Common
Law covers:
9. private
concerns
10.
criminal offenses
11.
criminal procedures
*
d) all of the above
9. The
primary characteristic of Common Law that distinguishes it from Civil Law is:
10.
a) the scope of subject matter
11.
b) the complexity of application
12.
c) its influence on legal education
*
d) its reliance on precedent.
10.
The peculiarities of the Common Law have shaped not only the
legal tradition but also:
11.
legal education
12.
criminal procedure
13.
general approach to law and government
*
d) all of the above
11.
Criminal Law becomes a means for punishing unacceptable behavior
at work under:
12.
a) Civil Law
*
b) Socialist Law
1. c)
Common Law
2. d)
Islamic Law
12.
Which family of law is not secular in nature?
13.
Common
14.
Civil
15.
Socialist
*
d) Islamic
13.
Islamic criminal law is based on the ideal of:
14.
rehabilitation
*
b) retribution
1. c)
deterrence
2. d)
incapacitation
14.T The primary sources of Islamic Law
are:
1. Shari’a
and Civil Law
2. Sunnah
and Qur’an
*
c) Shari’a and Sunnah
1. d)
Shari’a and Mohammed
15.
Under Shari’a, what is the punishment of last resort?
16.
death
*
b) imprisonment
1. c) amputation
2. d)
banishment
Sentence
Completion
1. The
four major legal families found in the world today are Civil Law, Common
Law, Socialist Law, and Sacred Law.
2. One
could argue that the hybrid legal tradition is technically the
most common legal system, since most countries borrow some aspects of criminal
justice from other countries.
3. Indigenous
Laws are native laws of persons who originate from or live in a
particular area.
4. Criminal
Law is defined as an offense against the state rather than as
a quarrel between individuals.
5. The
four major codifications of law involved in the history of Civil Law are Roman
Law, Canon Law, Napoleonic Code, and German
Law.
6. The
legal code of the Civil Law was derived from earlier laws, customs,
and informal regulations.
7. Stare
decisis is used in Common Law countries to signify the legal force
of precedence.
8. An ombudsman is
an individual who hears complaints and ensures that government agents are
performing their functions correctly.
9. Under
Islamic Law, crimes are categorized according to whether they are acts
against God/Hudud crimes or acts
against society or people/tazirat crimes.
10.
Writers of the Napoleonic Code aimed to create law that
was simple, easy to understand, nontechnical,
and accessible to the masses.
11.
The study of Socialist Law is important because of what we can
learn about the nature of law in systems that emphasize communal values at
the expense of individualism.
12.
The procurator or prosecutor in the Socialist Law
family is a much more important figure than in other legal families.
13.
The most important source of the Shari’a is the Qur’an.
14.
The Civil Law has had the widest influence
around the world.
15.
Habeas corpus refers
to the rules about bringing the accused before a judge to question his or her
incarceration.
True
False
T
1. All modern legal systems
combine written laws that place limits on behavior, and rules that derive from
decisions about particular cases.
F
2. The Common Law tradition is
the most pervasive legal tradition in the world.
T
3. The judicial tradition of
referring to the law itself rather than precedents established in earlier cases
is an essential part of the Civil Law tradition.
T 4.
The Napoleonic Code was the first modern set of laws.
F
5. A writ of habeas corpus orders
public servants to do the duties that are part of their job.
F
6. The United States is an
example of pure Common Law.
F
7. Secular law has a strong
religious influence.
T
8. In a true communist society,
there will be no further need for criminal law or sanctions to deal with
lawbreakers.
T
9. Socialist Law is historically
grounded in Civil Law.
T
10. Under Socialist Law, the ideal of
collectivization of property and the ownership of major means of production by
the state has resulted in immoderate importance being attached to the Private
Law.
T
11. Independence of the judiciary means
that judges are free to decide cases in accordance with the law and cannot be
pressured to decide for any other reason than legality.
F
12. The Sunnah may be defined as the body
of rules of conduct revealed by God to his Prophet Muhammad whereby the people
are directed to lead their life in this world.
T
13. In Islamic Law, punishments are
prescribed in the Qur’an and are often harsh, with an emphasis on corporal and
capital punishment.
T
14. None of the families of law is
practiced in its pure or ideal form in today’s world.
T
15. A hybrid legal tradition or one that
combines different aspects of more
than one legal tradition.
Short
Answer Questions
1. Explain
the importance of the French and German Civil Codes in the development of law
during the past two centuries.
2. What
is the difference between political and nonpolitical justice?
3. How
did the Common Law courts develop?
4. What
are the merits of Islamic Law?
Essay Questions / Student Activities
1. What
are the primary differences between the Common Law and the Civil Law families?
2. Explain
the six characteristics of Socialist Law that in general distinguish it from
Civil Law.
3. Search
your state laws to determine if any examples of indigenous law are
present. If there is a nearby Native-American reservation, ask a resident
to come
to your class to talk about local indigenous laws.
Chapter 5 — LAW Enforcement: Functions, Organization, and
Current Issues
Multiple Choice
1. The
deviance control function of the police includes all but:
2. a) reinforcement
of community values and laws
3. b)
protecting the community against nonconformists
*
c) suppressing dissent
1. keeping
violators of community norms under control
2. Which
of the following is true of civil order control?
3. There
is often a political component of activities being controlled
4. There
is always the possibility that the police will overreact or exacerbate the
situation
5. Police
may end up being adversaries of the citizens
*
d) all of the above
3. In
which model nation is both deviance control and civil order control performed
by regular street police?
*
a) England
1. France
2. Germany
3. Saudi
Arabia
4. The
two police organizations in France are:
5. Police
Nationale and Compagnies Republicains de Securite
*
b) Police Nationale and
Gendarmerie Nationale
1. c)
Gendarmerie Nationale and Gendarmerie Mobile
2. d)
Compagnies Republicains de Securite and Gendarmerie Mobile
5. A
citizen in Paris in need of police assistance would contact the:
*
a) Police Nationale
1. Gendarmerie
Nationale
2. Compagnies
Republicains de Securite
3. Gendarmerie
Mobile
6. A
citizen apprehended during a riot in rural France is most likely to be arrested
by
a member of the:
1. Police
Nationale
2. Gendarmerie
Nationale
3. Compagnies
Republicains de Securite
*
d) Gendarmerie Mobile
7. Civil
order control in Germany is the responsibility of the:
8. Schutzpolizei
9. Kriminalpolizei
*
c) Bereitschaftspolizei
1. d) Bundesgrenzschutz
8. A
murder in Germany would be investigated by the:
9. a)
Schutzpolizei
*
b) Kriminalpolizei (113)
1. c)
Bereitschaftspolizei
2. d)
Bundesgrenzschutz
9. The
French and German arrangements for civil order control are similar in that:
10.
a) both have separate divisions to handle civil order control
11.
b) both require recruits to train for and perform civil order
work before going on street patrol
12.
both require civil order police to live in barracks
*
d) both a and c
10.
Large civil disorder disputes in China are responded to by the:
11.
public security police and the state security police
12.
state security police and the Chinese People’s Armed police
*
c) public security police and
the Chinese People’s Armed police
1. d)
Chinese People’s Armed police
11.
A resident of rural Japan could expect regular visits from the
local:
12.
koban
13.
chuzaisho
*
c) chusai-san
1. d)
kidotai
12.
Tasks of Japanese officers who work in local police stations
include:
13.
helping conducting small businesses
14.
regulating alcohol use
15.
drug addiction counseling
*
d) marriage and divorce
counseling
13.
The mutawa in Saudi Arabia are the:
14.
regular police
*
b) morals police
1. c)
civil order police
2. d)
secret police
14.
Which of the following is the MAIN factor that inhibits
international police cooperation?
15.
language barriers
16.
disparity of resources
17.
lack of knowledge of cultures
*
d) corruption
1. Which
of the following is not a form of community policing:
*
a) diverse policing
1. The
use of computer technology – COMPSTAT
2. Order-maintenance
policing (Zero Tolerance policing)
3. Proactive
policing (Intelligence Based Policing)
Sentence Completion
1. Police
perform two major functions in modern societies: deviance control and civil
order control.
2. In
England, Scotland Yard serves as a national repository for
information on crime statistics, criminal activity, missing persons,
fingerprints, and juvenile delinquent data.
3. The
two police organizations in France are the Police Nationale,
responsible for Paris and urban areas, and the Gendarmerie Nationale,
responsible for rural areas and communities of less than 10,000 people.
4. In
Germany the two types of police that are responsible for deviance control are
the Schupo (Schutzpolizei) and the Kripo
(Kriminalpolizei), while civil order control is the responsibility of
the Bepo (Bereitschaftspolizei).
5. The Chinese
People’s Armed Police, who may be called in during civil disorder
uprisings, have dual responsibilities to the Central Military Commission and
the Ministry of Public Security in China.
6. The
large network of Japanese police posts is made up of kobans in
urban areas and chuzaisho in rural areas.
7. The
“morals force” in Saudi Arabia are known as the mutawa.
8. Community
policing is an umbrella term that describes programs that serve as
collaborative efforts between the police and the public to identify problems of
crime and to find solutions to those problems.
9. The
largest component of China’s police organization (almost 90 % of all the police
in China) is the public security police.
10.
Although crime in Germany has declined in recent years, the one
kind of crime that continues to plague the police is hate crimes.
11.
In England, the PSCO officers are those who
work along with regular officers in neighborhood policing areas and perform
routine duties, assisting and supporting
Police Officers, gathering intelligence, carrying out security
patrols and, through
their presence alone, reassuring the public.
12.
The public security police in China provide the
basic uniformed patrol plus 12 other specialized functions.
13.
Authoritarian model
of policing is most closely related to dictator regimes.
14.
Decentralized policing,
places the responsibility of organizing policing solely in
the hands of states or provinces.
15.
The term used to describe the range of military, police, and
civilian interventions that seek to restore order and create a sustainable
society after a period of war is peace operations.
True/False
F
1. All modern police forces
organize the deviance control and civil order control functions under separate
police organizations to gain efficiencies in training and performance.
T
2. The model of “policing by
consent” remained a staple of British policing
through the twentieth century.
T
3. The Police Nationale is the
larger of the two police forces in France.
F 4.
Community policing is generally carried out in similar ways throughout the
world.
T
5. All German police recruits
begin their careers by living in barracks and training for civil order control
before they go on to street patrol.
F
6. Since the Cultural
Revolution in China, public confidence and trust in the police has increased.
F
7. The local police station in
rural Japan is known as the chusai-san.
F
8. The wife and children of a
Japanese officer stationed in a koban are expected to perform administrative
work to keep the office going.
T
9. In Saudi Arabia, the mutawa
assures that Saudi citizens live up to the rules of behavior that are derived from
the Qur’an.
F
10. Civil unrest is of little concern
for the French police because of the
reductions in racial tensions in the country.
T
11. Police in China have adopted “get
tough” policies.
F
12. All of the model countries are examples
of countries that use community
policing.
T
13. The fastest growing sector of policing in the world
today is private
policing.
T
14. The most pressing problem facing private
policing today is lack of
regulation.
F
15. UNPOL (formely CIVPOL) is a spy agency funded
by the Dept. of
Homeland Security to assist the United Nations in intelligence gathering.
Short Answer Questions
1. List
and explain the five basic models of policing that have been implemented
around the world.
2. What
are the four elements that constitute community policing?
3. Explain
the five goals of international police cooperation.
4. Describe
the main considerations that one must address when trying to address the issue
of police and diversity.
Essay Questions/Student Activities
1. Which
of the six model nations do you believe has the most effective police force?
Why?
2. How
does the United States deal with problems related to civil order control? How
do these methods compare and contrast with our model countries?
3. How
might the koban system contribute to a low crime rate in Japan? Would such a
system be adaptable to the United States?
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