Corporate Finance A Focused Approach 5th Edition By Ehrhardt, Michael C. – Test Bnak

 

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Sample Test

CHAPTER 3—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

1.   Ratio analysis involves analyzing financial statements in order to appraise a firm’s financial position and strength.

 

ANS:      T              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-1  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Ratio analysis                                     KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

2.   The current ratio and inventory turnover ratios both help us measure the firm’s liquidity. The current ratio measures the relationship of a firm’s current assets to its current liabilities, while the inventory turnover ratio gives us an indication of how long it takes the firm to convert its inventory into cash.

 

ANS:      T              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-2  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Liquidity ratios                   KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

3.   Although a full liquidity analysis requires the use of a cash budget, the current and quick ratios provide fast and easy-to-use measures of a firm’s liquidity position.

 

ANS:      T              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-2  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Liquidity ratios                   KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

4.   High current and quick ratios always indicate that a firm is managing its liquidity position well.

 

ANS:      F              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-2  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Current ratio      KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

5.   The inventory turnover ratio and days sales outstanding (DSO) are two ratios that are used to assess how effectively a firm is managing its assets.

 

ANS:      T              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-3  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Asset management ratios            KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

6.   A decline in a firm’s inventory turnover ratio suggests that it is managing its inventory more efficiently and also that its liquidity position is improving, i.e., it is becoming more liquid.

 

ANS:      F              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-3  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Inventory turnover ratio               KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

7.   Debt management ratios show the extent to which a firm’s managers are attempting to magnify returns on owners’ capital through the use of financial leverage.

 

ANS:      T              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-4  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Debt management ratios             KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

8.   The times-interest-earned ratio is one, but not the only, indication of a firm’s ability to meet its long-term and short-term debt obligations.

 

ANS:      T              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-4  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      TIE ratio                KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

9.   Profitability ratios show the combined effects of liquidity, asset management, and debt management on operating results.

 

ANS:      T              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-5  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Profitability ratios                            KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

10.                Market value ratios provide management with an indication of how investors view the firm’s past performance and especially its future prospects.

 

ANS:      T              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-6  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Market value ratios                         KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

11.                Determining whether a firm’s financial position is improving or deteriorating requires analyzing more than the ratios for a given year. Trend analysis is one method of measuring changes in a firm’s performance over time.

 

ANS:      T              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-7  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Trend analysis                                   KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

12.                The “apparent,” but not the “true,” financial position of a company whose sales are seasonal can differ dramatically, depending on the time of year when the financial statements are constructed.

 

ANS:      T

Many of the ratios show sales over some past period such as the last 12 months divided by an asset such as inventories as of a specific date. Assets like inventories vary at different times of the year for a seasonal business, thus leading to big changes in the ratio.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-1

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Balance sheet changes  KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

13.                Significant variations in accounting methods among firms make meaningful ratio comparisons between firms more difficult than if all firms used similar accounting methods.

 

ANS:      T              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-1  NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Limitations of ratio analysis          KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

14.                The basic earning power ratio (BEP) reflects the earning power of a firm’s assets after giving consideration to financial leverage and tax effects.

 

ANS:      F

BEP = EBIT/Assets. This is before the effects of leverage (interest) and taxes, so the statement is false.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-5

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Basic earning power ratio             KEY:       Bloom’s: Knowledge

 

15.                The inventory turnover and current ratio are related. The combination of a high current ratio and a low inventory turnover ratio, relative to industry norms, suggests that the firm has an above-average inventory level and/or that part of the inventory is obsolete or damaged.

 

ANS:      T

A high current ratio is consistent with a lot of inventory. A low inventory turnover is also consistent with a lot of inventory. If the CR exceeds industry norms and the turnover is below the norms, then the firm has more inventory than most other firms, given its sales. It could just be carrying a lot of good inventory, but it might also have a normal amount of “good” inventory plus some “bad” inventory that has not been written off. So the statement is true.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-3

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Inventory turnover ratio               KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

 

16.                It is appropriate to use the fixed assets turnover ratio to appraise firms’ effectiveness in managing their fixed assets if and only if all the firms being compared have the same proportion of fixed assets to total assets.

 

ANS:      F

The FA turnover is Sales/FA, and it gives an indication of how effectively the firm utilizes its FA. The proportion of FA to TA is not relevant to this usage.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-3

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Fixed assets turnover                    KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

 

17.                Since the ROA measures the firm’s effective utilization of assets (without considering how these assets are financed), two firms with the same EBIT must have the same ROA.

 

ANS:      F

EBIT = Sales revenues - Operating costs

Net income = EBIT - Interest - Taxes = (EBIT - Interest) ´ (1 - T)

ROA = Net income after taxes/Assets

 

Two firms could have identical EBITs but very different amounts of interest, different tax rates, and different assets, and thus very different ROAs.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-5

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      ROA       KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

 

18.                Suppose firms follow similar financing policies, face similar risks, have equal access to capital, and operate in competitive product and capital markets. Under these conditions, then firms that have high profit margins will tend to have high asset turnover ratios, and firms with low profit margins will tend to have low turnover ratios.

 

ANS:      F

Think about the DuPont equation: ROE = PM ´ TATO ´ Equity multiplier. Similar financing policies will lead to similar Equity multipliers. Moreover, competition in the capital markets will cause ROEs to be similar, because otherwise capital would flow to industries with high ROEs and drive returns down toward the average, given similar risks. To have similar ROEs, firms with relatively high PMs must have relatively low TATOs, and vice versa. Therefore, the statement is false.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-8

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      DuPont equation                             KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

 

19.                Even though Firm A’s current ratio exceeds that of Firm B, Firm B’s quick ratio might exceed that of A. However, if A’s quick ratio exceeds B’s, then we can be certain that A’s current ratio is also larger than that of B.

 

ANS:      F

This question can be answered by thinking carefully about the ratios:

 

Demonstration that the first sentence is true:

CR =                      A > B      QR =                     B > A

A:                           1.67                                       0.67

QR(B) > QR(A)

B:                           1.50                                       1.00

 

Demonstration that second sentence is false:

CR =                      A > B      QR =                     B > A

A:                           1.0                                         0.67

QR(B) < QR(A)

B:                           1.5                                         0.50

 

The key is inventory, which is in the CR but not in the QR. The firm with more inventory can have the higher CR but the lower QR.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Challenging    OBJ:       LO: 3-2

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Liquidity ratios                   KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

 

20.                Firms A and B have the same current ratio, 0.75, the same amount of sales and cost of goods sold, and the same amount of current liabilities. However, Firm A has a higher inventory turnover ratio than B. Therefore, we can conclude that A’s quick ratio must be smaller than B’s.

 

ANS:      F

Firm A has the higher inventory turnover, so given the same cost of goods, it must have less inventory. Thus, since the two firms have the same CR, then A must have the higher QR, not the lower one. Therefore, the statement is false.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Challenging    OBJ:       LO: 3-2

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Liquidity ratios                   KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

 

21.                Suppose a firm wants to maintain a specific TIE ratio. It knows the amount of its debt, the interest rate on that debt, the applicable tax rate, and its operating costs. With this information, the firm can calculate the amount of sales required to achieve its target TIE ratio.

 

ANS:      T

TIE = EBIT/Interest = (Sales - Op cost)/(Debt ´ Interest rate). If we know the op. costs, the amount of debt, and the interest rate, then we can solve for the sales level required to achieve the target TIE.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Challenging    OBJ:       LO: 3-4

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      TIE ratio                KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

 

22.                Suppose Firms A and B have the same amount of assets, pay the same interest rate on their debt, have the same basic earning power (BEP), and have the same tax rate. However, Firm A has a higher debt ratio. If BEP is greater than the interest rate on debt, Firm A will have a higher ROE as a result of its higher debt ratio.

 

ANS:      T

The easiest way to think about this is to realize that you can borrow at a cost of 10% and invest the proceeds to earn 11%, you’ll earn a surplus. If you were previously earning an ROE of 10%, then after raising and investing additional funds, your income will be higher, your equity will be the same, and thus your ROE will increase. Similarly, if a firm earns more on assets than the interest rate, there will be a surplus after paying interest on the debt that will go to the equity, thus increasing the ROE. So, if BEP > rd, then the firm can increase its expected ROE by using more debt leverage.

 

The answer can also be seen by working out an example. The one below shows that leverage increases ROE if BEP > rd, but it could be varied to show no difference in ROE if interest rates and BEP are the same, and a reduction in ROE if the interest rate exceeds the BEP.

 

Firm A   Firm B

Assets   100%     Assets   100%

Debt      60%        Debt      0%

Equity   40%        Equity   100%

BEP        15%        BEP        15%

Interest rate, rd                10%        Interest rate, rd                10%

Tax rate                40%        Tax rate                40%

EBIT = BEP ´ Assets         15.0        EBIT = BEP ´ Assets         15.0

Interest                6.0          Interest                0

Taxable income                9.0          Taxable income                15.0

Taxes    3.6          Taxes    6.0

NI           5.4          NI           9.0

ROE        13.50%  ROE        9.00%

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Challenging    OBJ:       LO: 3-5

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      BEP and ROE                                      KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

 

23.                If a firm finances with only debt and common equity, and if its equity multiplier is 3.0, then its debt ratio must be 0.667.

 

ANS:      T

Equity multiplier = Assets/Equity = 3.0, so Assets/Equity = 1/3.0 = 0.333.

By definition, Equity/Assets + Debt/Assets = 1.00, so

0.333 + Debt/Assets = 1.0.

Therefore, Debt/Assets = 1.0 - 0.333 = 0.667. Thus, the statement is true.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Challenging    OBJ:       LO: 3-8

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Equity multiplier                               KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

 

24.                One problem with ratio analysis is that relationships can be manipulated. For example, if our current ratio is greater than 1.5, then borrowing on a short-term basis and using the funds to build up our cash account would cause the current ratio to increase.

 

ANS:      F

The key here is to recognize that if the CR is greater than 1.0, then a given increase in both current assets and current liabilities would lead to a decrease in the CR. The reverse would hold if the initial CR were less than 1.0. Here the initial CR is greater than 1.0, so borrowing on a short-term basis to build the cash account would lower the CR. For example:

 

Original                 New      Old         New

CA/CL    Plus $1  CA/CL    CR           CR

3/2         1/1         4/3         1.50        1.33        CR falls if initial CR is greater than 1.0

2/3         1/1         3/4         0.67        0.75        CR rises if initial CR is less than 1.0

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Challenging    OBJ:       LO: 3-1

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Limitations of ratio analysis          KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

 

25.                One problem with ratio analysis is that relationships can be manipulated. For example, we know that if our current ratio is less than 1.0, then using some of our cash to pay off some of our current liabilities would cause the current ratio to increase and thus make the firm look stronger.

 

ANS:      F

The key here is to recognize that if the CR is less than 1.0, then a given reduction in both current assets and current liabilities would lead to a decrease in the CR. The reverse would hold if the initial CR were greater than 1.0. In the question, the initial CR is less than 1.0, so using cash to reduce current liabilities would lower the CR. If the CR were greater than 1.0, the statement would have been true. Here’s an illustration:

 

Original                 New      Old         New

CA/CL    Less $1  CA/CL    CR           CR

2/3         -1/-1    1/2         0.67        0.50        CR falls if initial CR is less than 1.0

3/2         -1/-1    2/1         1.5          2.0          CR rises if initial CR is greater than 1.0

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Challenging    OBJ:       LO: 3-1

NAT:      BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Limitations of ratio analysis          KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

26.                Considered alone, which of the following would increase a company’s current ratio?

27.                An increase in accounts payable.

28.                An increase in net fixed assets.

29.                An increase in accrued liabilities.

30.                An increase in notes payable.

31.                An increase in accounts receivable.

 

 

ANS:      E              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-2  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Current ratio      KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

27.                Which of the following would, generally, indicate an improvement in a company’s financial position, holding other things constant?

28.                The total assets turnover decreases.

29.                The TIE declines.

30.                The DSO increases.

31.                The EBITDA coverage ratio increases.

32.                The current and quick ratios both decline.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-2  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Current ratio      KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

28.                A firm wants to strengthen its financial position. Which of the following actions would increase its current ratio?

29.                Use cash to increase inventory holdings.

30.                Reduce the company’s days’ sales outstanding to the industry average and use the resulting cash savings to purchase plant and equipment.

31.                Use cash to repurchase some of the company’s own stock.

32.                Borrow using short-term debt and use the proceeds to repay debt that has a maturity of more than one year.

33.                Issue new stock and then use some of the proceeds to purchase additional inventory and hold the remainder as cash.

 

 

ANS:      E              PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-2  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Current ratio      KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

29.                Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

30.                If a firm increases its sales and cost of goods sold while holding its inventories constant, then, other things held constant, its inventory turnover ratio will decrease.

31.                A reduction in inventories held would have no effect on the current ratio.

32.                An increase in inventories would have no effect on the current ratio.

33.                If a firm increases its sales and cost of goods sold while holding its inventories constant, then, other things held constant, its inventory turnover ratio will increase.

34.                A reduction in the inventory turnover ratio will generally lead to an increase in the ROE.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-3  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Inventories         KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

30.                Companies A and C each reported the same earnings per share (EPS), but Company A’s stock trades at a higher price. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

31.                Company A trades at a higher P/E ratio.

32.                Company A probably has fewer growth opportunities.

33.                Company A is probably judged by investors to be riskier.

34.                Company A must have a higher market-to-book ratio.

35.                Company A must pay a lower dividend.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-6  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Financial statement analysis        KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

31.                Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

32.                If a firm has the highest price/earnings ratio of any firm in its industry, then, other things held constant, this suggests that the board of directors should fire the president.

33.                If a firm has the highest market/book ratio of any firm in its industry, then, other things held constant, this suggests that the board of directors should fire the president.

34.                Other things held constant, the higher a firm’s expected future growth rate, the lower its P/E ratio is likely to be.

35.                The higher the market/book ratio, then, other things held constant, the higher one would expect to find the Market Value Added (MVA).

36.                If a firm has a history of high Economic Value Added (EVA) numbers each year, and if investors expect this situation to continue, then its market/book ratio and MVA are both likely to be below average.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-6  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Market value ratios                         KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

32.                Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

33.                “Window dressing” is any action that improves a firm’s fundamental, long-run position and thus increases its intrinsic value.

34.                Borrowing by using short-term notes payable and then using the proceeds to retire long-term debt is an example of “window dressing.” Offering discounts to customers who pay with cash rather than buy on credit and then using the funds that come in quicker to purchase additional inventories is another example of “window dressing.”

35.                Borrowing on a long-term basis and using the proceeds to retire short-term debt would improve the current ratio and thus could be considered to be an example of “window dressing.”

36.                Offering discounts to customers who pay with cash rather than buy on credit and then using the funds that come in quicker to purchase additional inventories is an example of “window dressing.”

37.                Using some of the firm’s cash to reduce long-term debt is an example of “window dressing.”

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-1  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Window dressing                             KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

33.                The Cavendish Company recently issued new common stock and used the proceeds to pay off some of its short-term notes payable. This action had no effect on the company’s total assets or operating income. Which of the following effects would occur as a result of this action?

34.                The company’s debt ratio increased.

35.                The company’s current ratio increased.

36.                The company’s times interest earned ratio decreased.

37.                The company’s basic earning power ratio increased.

38.                The company’s equity multiplier increased.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-6  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Miscellaneous ratios                       KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

34.                A firm’s new president wants to strengthen the company’s financial position. Which of the following actions would make it financially stronger?

35.                Increase inventories while holding sales and cost of goods sold constant.

36.                Increase accounts receivable while holding sales constant.

37.                Increase EBIT while holding sales constant.

38.                Increase accounts payable while holding sales constant.

39.                Increase notes payable while holding sales constant.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-5  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Miscellaneous ratios                       KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

35.                If the CEO of a large, diversified, firm were filling out a fitness report on a division manager (i.e., “grading” the manager), which of the following situations would be likely to cause the manager to receive a better grade? In all cases, assume that other things are held constant.

36.                The division’s DSO (days’ sales outstanding) is 40, whereas the average for its competitors is 30.

37.                The division’s basic earning power ratio is above the average of other firms in its industry.

38.                The division’s total assets turnover ratio is below the average for other firms in its industry.

39.                The division’s debt ratio is above the average for other firms in the industry.

40.                The division’s inventory turnover is 6, whereas the average for its competitors is 8.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-5  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Miscellaneous ratios                       KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

36.                Which of the following would indicate an improvement in a company’s financial position, holding other things constant?

37.                The current and quick ratios both increase.

38.                The inventory and total assets turnover ratios both decline.

39.                The debt ratio increases.

40.                The profit margin declines.

41.                The EBITDA coverage ratio declines.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-5  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Miscellaneous ratios                       KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

37.                If a bank loan officer were considering a company’s request for a loan, which of the following statements would you consider to be CORRECT?

38.                Other things held constant, the lower the current ratio, the lower the interest rate the bank would charge the firm.

39.                The lower the company’s EBITDA coverage ratio, other things held constant, the lower the interest rate the bank would charge the firm.

40.                Other things held constant, the higher the debt ratio, the lower the interest rate the bank would charge the firm.

41.                Other things held constant, the lower the debt ratio, the lower the interest rate the bank would charge the firm.

42.                The lower the company’s TIE ratio, other things held constant, the lower the interest rate the bank would charge the firm.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-4  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Miscellaneous ratios                       KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

38.                Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

39.                All else equal, increasing the debt ratio will increase the ROA.

40.                The use of debt financing will tend to lower the basic earning power ratio, other things held constant.

41.                A firm that employs financial leverage will have a higher equity multiplier than an otherwise identical firm that has no debt in its capital structure.

42.                If two firms have identical sales, interest rates paid, operating costs, and assets, but differ in the way they are financed, the firm with less debt will generally have the higher expected ROE.

43.                Holding bonds is better than holding stock for investors because income from bonds is taxed on a more favorable basis than income from stock.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy

OBJ:       LO: 3-8  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Effects of leverage                          KEY:       Bloom’s: Comprehension

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

39.                A firm wants to strengthen its financial position. Which of the following actions would increase its quick ratio?

40.                Issue new common stock and use the proceeds to acquire additional fixed assets.

41.                Offer price reductions along with generous credit terms that would (1) enable the firm to sell some of its excess inventory and (2) lead to an increase in accounts receivable.

42.                Issue new common stock and use the proceeds to increase inventories.

43.                Speed up the collection of receivables and use the cash generated to increase inventories.

44.                Use some of its cash to purchase additional inventories.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate

OBJ:       LO: 3-2  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Quick ratio          KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

40.                Amram Company’s current ratio is 1.9. Considered alone, which of the following actions would reduce the company’s current ratio?

41.                Use cash to reduce accounts payable.

42.                Borrow using short-term notes payable and use the proceeds to reduce accruals.

43.                Borrow using short-term notes payable and use the proceeds to reduce long-term debt.

44.                Use cash to reduce accruals.

45.                Use cash to reduce short-term notes payable.

 

 

ANS:      C

a is false, given that the initial CR > 1.0.

b would leave the CR unchanged.

c would indeed reduce the CR.

d is false, given that the initial CR > 1.0.

e is false, given that the initial CR > 1.0.

 

Original                 New      Old         New

CA/CL    Minus .5               CA/CL    CR           CR

1.9/1      0/0.5      1.9/1.5  1.90        1.27        CR falls if initial CR is greater than 1.0

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-2

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Current ratio      KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

41.                Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

42.                If a firm increases its sales while holding its accounts receivable constant, then, other things held constant, its days’ sales outstanding will decline.

43.                If a security analyst saw that a firm’s days’ sales outstanding (DSO) was higher than the industry average and was also increasing and trending still higher, this would be interpreted as a sign of strength.

44.                If a firm increases its sales while holding its accounts receivable constant, then, other things held constant, its days’ sales outstanding (DSO) will increase.

45.                There is no relationship between the days’ sales outstanding (DSO) and the average collection period (ACP). These ratios measure entirely different things.

46.                A reduction in accounts receivable would have no effect on the current ratio, but it would lead to an increase in the quick ratio.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate

OBJ:       LO: 3-3  NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Accounts receivable                       KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

42.                Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

43.                If two firms differ only in their use of debt¾i.e., they have identical assets, sales, operating costs, and tax rates¾but one firm has a higher debt ratio, the firm that uses more debt will have a higher profit margin on sales.

44.                If one firm has a higher debt ratio than another, we can be certain that the firm with the higher debt ratio will have the lower TIE ratio, as that ratio depends entirely on the amount of debt a firm uses.

45.                A firm’s use of debt will have no effect on its profit margin on sales.

46.                If two firms differ only in their use of debt¾i.e., they have identical assets, sales, operating costs, interest rates on their debt, and tax rates¾but one firm has a higher debt ratio, the firm that uses more debt will have a lower profit margin on sales.

47.                The debt ratio as it is generally calculated makes an adjustment for the use of assets leased under operating leases, so the debt ratios of firms that lease different percentages of their assets are still comparable.

 

 

ANS:      D

a is incorrect. The reverse is true.

b is false, because the TIE also depends on the interest rate and EBIT.

c is false, because interest affects the profit margin.

d is correct, because the more interest the lower the profits, hence the lower the profit margin.

e is simply incorrect.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-4

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Leverage effects | Debt management

KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis                             MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

43.                Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

44.                If Firms X and Y have the same net income, number of shares outstanding, and price per share, then their market-to-book ratios must also be the same.

45.                If Firms X and Y have the same P/E ratios, then their market-to-book ratios must also be the same.

46.                If Firms X and Y have the same net income, number of shares outstanding, and price per share, then their P/E ratios must also be the same.

47.                If Firms X and Y have the same earnings per share and market-to-book ratio, they must have the same price earnings ratio.

48.                If Firm X’s P/E ratio exceeds that of Firm Y, then Y is likely to be less risky and also to be expected to grow at a faster rate.

 

 

ANS:      C

No reason for a to be true.

No reason for b to be true.

c must be true, as EPS and P will be the same.

No reason for d to be true.

e is wrong, because high risk and low growth lead to low P/Es.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-6

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Market value ratios                         KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

44.                Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

45.                Suppose a firm’s total assets turnover ratio falls from 1.0 to 0.9, but at the same time its profit margin rises from 9% to 10%, and its debt increases from 40% of total assets to 60%. Under these conditions, the ROE will decrease.

46.                Suppose a firm’s total assets turnover ratio falls from 1.0 to 0.9, but at the same time its profit margin rises from 9% to 10% and its debt increases from 40% of total assets to 60%. Under these conditions, the ROE will increase.

47.                Suppose a firm’s total assets turnover ratio falls from 1.0 to 0.9, but at the same time its profit margin rises from 9% to 10% and its debt increases from 40% of total assets to 60%. Without additional information, we cannot tell what will happen to the ROE.

48.                The modified DuPont equation provides information about how operations affect the ROE, but the equation does not include the effects of debt on the ROE.

49.                Other things held constant, an increase in the debt ratio will result in an increase in the profit margin on sales.

 

 

ANS:      B

PM         ´             TATO     ´             Eq mult.               =             ROE

Old           9%                        1.0                          1.666667                              15%

New      10%                        0.9                          2.5                                          23%

 

We see that b is true, thus c must be false.

We can also see that d, e, and a are all false.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-8

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      DuPont analysis                                KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

45.                You observe that a firm’s ROE is above the industry average, but its profit margin and debt ratio are both below the industry average. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

46.                Its total assets turnover must equal the industry average.

47.                Its total assets turnover must be above the industry average.

48.                Its return on assets must equal the industry average.

49.                Its TIE ratio must be below the industry average.

50.                Its total assets turnover must be below the industry average.

 

 

ANS:      B

Thinking through the DuPont equation, we can see that if the firm’s PM and Equity multiplier are below the industry average, the only way its ROE can exceed the industry average is if its equity multiplier exceeds the industry average. The following data illustrate this point:

 

ROE        =             PM         ´             TATO     ´             Eq mult.               ROA

Firm       30%                          9%                        2.0                          1.67        18%

Industry               25%                        10%                        1                              2.50        10%

 

The above demonstrates that b is correct, and that makes e and a incorrect.

 

Now consider the following:

NI/Assets = NI/Sales ´ Sales/Assets

ROA = PM ´ TATO

 

If its ROA were equal to the industry average, then with its low debt ratio (hence low equity multiplier) its ROE would also be below the industry average. So c is incorrect. With its debt ratio below the industry average, its interest charges should also be low, which would increase its TIE ratio, making d incorrect.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-8

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      DuPont analysis                                KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

46.                Companies Heidee and Leaudy are virtually identical in that they are both profitable, and they have the same total assets (TA), Sales (S), return on assets (ROA), and profit margin (PM). However, Company Heidee has the higher debt ratio. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

47.                Company Heidee has a lower operating income (EBIT) than Company LD.

48.                Company Heidee has a lower total assets turnover than Company Leaudy.

49.                Company Heidee has a lower equity multiplier than Company Leaudy.

50.                Company Heidee has a higher fixed assets turnover than Company Leaudy.

51.                Company Heidee has a higher ROE than Company Leaudy.

 

 

ANS:      E

Rule out all answers except e because they are false.

 

Alternative answer explanation using the DuPont equation:

ROE = PM ´ TATO ´ Eq mult.

ROE = NI/S ´ S/TA ´ TA/Equity

 

The first two terms are the same, but KB has higher equity multiplier, hence higher ROE.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-8

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      DuPont analysis                                KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

47.                Cordelion Communications is considering issuing new common stock and using the proceeds to reduce its outstanding debt. The stock issue would have no effect on total assets, the interest rate Cordelion pays, EBIT, or the tax rate. Which of the following is likely to occur if the company goes ahead with the stock issue?

48.                The times interest earned ratio will decrease.

49.                The ROA will decline.

50.                Taxable income will decrease.

51.                The tax bill will increase.

52.                Net income will decrease.

 

 

ANS:      D

a The TIE will increase, not decrease.

b is false because reducing debt will lower interest, raise income, and thus raise ROA.

c is false for the above reason.

d is true for the above reason.

e is false.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-5

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Financial statement analysis        KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

48.                Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

49.                An increase in a firm’s debt ratio, with no changes in its sales or operating costs, could be expected to lower the profit margin.

50.                The ratio of long-term debt to total capital is more likely to experience seasonal fluctuations than is either the DSO or the inventory turnover ratio.

51.                If two firms have the same ROA, the firm with the most debt can be expected to have the lower ROE.

52.                An increase in the DSO, other things held constant, could be expected to increase the total assets turnover ratio.

53.                An increase in the DSO, other things held constant, could be expected to increase the ROE.

 

 

ANS:      A

1.   More debt would mean more interest, hence a lower NI, given a constant EBIT. This would lower the profit margin = NI/Sales.

2.   Sales fluctuations would have more effects on the DSO and S/Inventory ratios.

3.   ROE = ROA ´ Equity multiplier, so more debt, higher ROE for given ROA.

4.   DSO = Receivables/Sales per day. With sales constant, an increase in DSO would mean an increase in receivables, hence a decline, not a rise, in the TATO.

5.   An increase in the DSO might increase or decrease ROE, depending on how it affected sales and costs.

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-5

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Financial statement analysis        KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

49.                Heidee Corp. and Leaudy Corp. have identical assets, sales, interest rates paid on their debt, tax rates, and EBIT. However, Heidee uses more debt than Leaudy. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

50.                Heidee would have the higher net income as shown on the income statement.

51.                Without more information, we cannot tell if Heidee or Leaudy would have a higher or lower net income.

52.                Heidee would have the lower equity multiplier for use in the DuPont equation.

53.                Heidee would have to pay more in income taxes.

54.                Heidee would have the lower net income as shown on the income statement.

 

 

ANS:      E

More debt would mean more interest, hence a lower NI, given a constant EBIT, so e is correct. Also, we can rule out b and a, and Heidee would also have the higher multiplier, which rules out c. And with more interest, Heidee would have to pay less taxes, not more.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-8

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Financial statement analysis        KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

50.                Other things held constant, which of the following alternatives would increase a company’s cash flow for the current year?

51.                Increase the number of years over which fixed assets are depreciated for tax purposes.

52.                Pay down the accounts payables.

53.                Reduce the days’ sales outstanding (DSO) without affecting sales or operating costs.

54.                Pay workers more frequently to decrease the accrued wages balance.

55.                Reduce the inventory turnover ratio without affecting sales or operating costs.

 

 

ANS:      C

1.   Lengthening depreciable lives would lower depreciation, increase taxable income and taxes, and thus lower cash flow.

2.   Paying down accounts payable would use cash and thus reduce cash flow.

3.   Reducing the DSO would require collecting receivables faster, which would indeed increase cash flow.

4.   Decreasing accruals would lower cash flow.

5.   Reducing inventory turnover would mean increasing inventories, which would use cash.

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-3

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Cash flows          KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

51.                Companies Heidee and Leaudy have the same sales, tax rate, interest rate on their debt, total assets, and basic earning power. Both companies have positive net incomes. Company Heidee has a higher debt ratio and, therefore, a higher interest expense. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

52.                Company Heidee has more net income.

53.                Company Heidee pays less in taxes.

54.                Company Heidee has a lower equity multiplier.

55.                Company Heidee has a higher ROA.

56.                Company Heidee has a higher times interest earned (TIE) ratio.

 

 

ANS:      B

Under the stated conditions, Heidee would have more interest charges, thus lower taxable income and taxes. Thus, b is correct. All of the other statements are incorrect.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-8

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Leverage, taxes, and ratios          KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

52.                Companies Heidee and Leaudy have the same tax rate, sales, total assets, and basic earning power. Both companies have positive net incomes. Company Heidee has a higher debt ratio and, therefore, a higher interest expense. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

53.                Company Heidee has a lower times interest earned (TIE) ratio.

54.                Company Heidee has a lower equity multiplier.

55.                Company Heidee has more net income.

56.                Company Heidee pays more in taxes.

57.                Company Heidee has a lower ROE.

 

 

ANS:      A

Heidee has higher interest charges. Basic earning power equals EBIT/Assets, and since assets are equal, EBIT must also be equal. TIE = EBIT/Interest. Therefore, Heidee higher interest charges means that its TIE must be lower. Thus, a is correct. All of the other statements are incorrect.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-8

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Leverage, taxes, and ratios          KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

53.                Lincoln Industries’ current ratio is 0.5. Considered alone, which of the following actions would increase the company’s current ratio?

54.                Use cash to reduce long-term bonds outstanding.

55.                Borrow using short-term notes payable and use the cash to increase inventories.

56.                Use cash to reduce accruals.

57.                Use cash to reduce accounts payable.

58.                Use cash to reduce short-term notes payable.

 

 

ANS:      B

The key here is to recognize that if the CR is less than 1.0, then a given increase in both current assets and current liabilities would lead to an increase in the CR. The reverse would hold if the initial CR were greater than 1.0. Here the initial CR is less than 1.0, so borrowing on a short-term basis to build inventories would increase the CR. For example:

 

Original                 New      Old         New

CA/CL    Plus $1  CA/CL    CR           CR

1/2         1/1         2/3         0.50        0.67        CR rises if initial CR is less than 1.0

 

All of the other statements are incorrect, although c, d, and e would be correct if the initial CR had been >1.0.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Challenging    OBJ:       LO: 3-2

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Current ratio      KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

54.                Lofland’s has $20 million in current assets and $10 million in current liabilities, while Smaland’s current assets are $10 million versus $20 million of current liabilities. Both firms would like to “window dress” their end-of-year financial statements, and to do so each plans to borrow $10 million on a short-term basis and to then hold the borrowed funds in their cash accounts. Which of the statements below best describes the results of these transactions?

55.                The transaction would improve both firms’ financial strength as measured by their current ratios.

56.                The transactions would raise Lofland’s financial strength as measured by its current ratio but lower Smaland’s current ratio.

57.                The transactions would lower Lofland’s financial strength as measured by its current ratio but raise Smaland’s current ratio.

58.                The transaction would have no effect on the firm’ financial strength as measured by their current ratios.

59.                The transaction would lower both firm’ financial strength as measured by their current ratios.

 

 

ANS:      C

The key here is to recognize that if the CR is less than 1.0, then a given increase to both current assets and current liabilities will increase the CR, while the reverse will hold if the initial CR is greater than 1.0. Thus, the transaction would make Smaland look stronger but Lofland look weaker. Here’s an illustration:

 

Original                 New      Old         New

CA/CL    Plus $10                CA/CL    CR           CR

Lofland 20/10     10/10     30/20     2.00        1.50        CR falls because initial CR is greater than 1.0

 

Original                 New      Old         New

CA/CL    Plus $10                CA/CL    CR           CR

Smaland               10/20     10/10     20/30     0.50        0.67        CR rises because initial CR is less than 1.0

 

All of the statements except c are incorrect.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Challenging    OBJ:       LO: 3-2

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Current ratio      KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

55.                Companies Heidee and Leaudy have the same total assets, sales, operating costs, and tax rates, and they pay the same interest rate on their debt. However, company Heidee has a higher debt ratio. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

56.                If the interest rate the companies pay on their debt is less than their basic earning power (BEP), then Company Heidee will have the higher ROE.

57.                Given this information, Leaudy must have the higher ROE.

58.                Company Leaudy has a higher basic earning power ratio (BEP).

59.                Company Heidee has a higher basic earning power ratio (BEP).

60.                If the interest rate the companies pay on their debt is more than their basic earning power (BEP), then Company Heidee will have the higher ROE.

 

 

ANS:      A

The companies have the same EBIT and assets, hence the same BEP ratio. If the interest rate is less than the BEP, then using more debt will raise the ROE. Therefore, statement a is correct. The others are all incorrect.

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Challenging    OBJ:       LO: 3-5

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Effects of financial leverage        KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

 

56.                Arshadi Corp.’s sales last year were $52,000, and its total assets were $22,000. What was its total assets turnover ratio (TATO)?

57.                2.03

58.                2.13

59.                2.25

60.                2.36

61.                2.48

 

 

ANS:      D

Sales      $52,000

Total assets        $22,000

TATO     2.36

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-3

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Total assets turnover                     KEY:       Bloom’s: Application

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

57.                Hutchinson Corporation has zero debt¾it is financed only with common equity. Its total assets are $410,000. The new CFO wants to employ enough debt to bring the debt/assets ratio to 40%, using the proceeds from the borrowing to buy back common stock at its book value. How much must the firm borrow to achieve the target debt ratio?

58.                $155,800

59.                $164,000

60.                $172,200

61.                $180,810

62.                $189,851

 

 

ANS:      B

Total assets        $410,000

Target debt ratio              40%

Debt to achieve target ratio = amount borrowed              $164,000

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-4

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Debt ratio: find the debt, given the D/A ratio

KEY:       Bloom’s: Application                       MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

58.                Orono Corp.’s sales last year were $435,000, its operating costs were $362,500, and its interest charges were $12,500. What was the firm’s times interest earned (TIE) ratio?

59.                4.72

60.                4.97

61.                5.23

62.                5.51

63.                5.80

 

 

ANS:      E

Sales      $435,000

Operating costs                362,500

Operating income (EBIT)                   72,500

Interest charges               $  12,500

TIE ratio                5.80

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-4

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Times interest earned                   KEY:       Bloom’s: Application

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

59.                Rappaport Corp.’s sales last year were $320,000, and its net income after taxes was $23,000. What was its profit margin on sales?

60.                6.49%

61.                6.83%

62.                7.19%

63.                7.55%

64.                7.92%

 

 

ANS:      C

Sales      $320,000

Net income        $23,000

Profit margin      7.19%

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-5

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Profit margin on sales                    KEY:       Bloom’s: Application

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

60.                Branch Corp.’s total assets at the end of last year were $315,000 and its net income after taxes was $22,750. What was its return on total assets?

61.                7.22%

62.                7.58%

63.                7.96%

64.                8.36%

65.                8.78%

 

 

ANS:      A

Total assets        $315,000

Net income        $22,750

ROA       7.22%

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-5

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Return on total assets (ROA)      KEY:       Bloom’s: Application

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

61.                Chambliss Corp.’s total assets at the end of last year were $305,000 and its EBIT was 62,500. What was its basic earning power (BEP)?

62.                18.49%

63.                19.47%

64.                20.49%

65.                21.52%

66.                22.59%

 

 

ANS:      C

Total assets        $305,000

EBIT       $62,500

BEP        20.49%

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-5

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Basic earning power (BEP)           KEY:       Bloom’s: Application

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

62.                Nikko Corp.’s total common equity at the end of last year was $305,000 and its net income after taxes was $60,000. What was its ROE?

63.                16.87%

64.                17.75%

65.                18.69%

66.                19.67%

67.                20.66%

 

 

ANS:      D

Common equity               $305,000

Net income        $60,000

ROE        19.67%

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-5

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Return on equity (ROE) KEY:       Bloom’s: Application

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

63.                An investor is considering starting a new business. The company would require $475,000 of assets, and it would be financed entirely with common stock. The investor will go forward only if she thinks the firm can provide a 13.5% return on the invested capital, which means that the firm must have an ROE of 13.5%. How much net income must be expected to warrant starting the business?

64.                $52,230

65.                $54,979

66.                $57,873

67.                $60,919

68.                $64,125

 

 

ANS:      E

Assets = equity $475,000

Target ROE          13.5%

Required net income     $64,125

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-5

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Return on equity (ROE): finding net income

KEY:       Bloom’s: Application                       MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

64.                Vang Corp.’s stock price at the end of last year was $33.50 and its earnings per share for the year were $2.30. What was its P/E ratio?

65.                13.84

66.                14.57

67.                15.29

68.                16.06

69.                16.86

 

 

ANS:      B

Stock price          $33.50

EPS         $2.30

P/E         14.57

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-6

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Price/Earnings ratio (P/E)             KEY:       Bloom’s: Application

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

65.                Lindley Corp.’s stock price at the end of last year was $33.50, and its book value per share was $25.00. What was its market/book ratio?

66.                1.34

67.                1.41

68.                1.48

69.                1.55

70.                1.63

 

 

ANS:      A

Stock price          $33.50

Book value per share     $25.00

M/B ratio             1.34

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-6

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Price/Earnings ratio (P/E)             KEY:       Bloom’s: Application

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

66.                Northwest Lumber had a profit margin of 5.25%, a total assets turnover of 1.5, and an equity multiplier of 1.8. What was the firm’s ROE?

67.                12.79%

68.                13.47%

69.                14.18%

70.                14.88%

71.                15.63%

 

 

ANS:      C

Profit margin      5.25%

TATO     1.50

Equity multiplier               1.80

ROE        14.18%

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Easy                   OBJ:       LO: 3-8

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      DuPont equation: basic calculation           KEY:       Bloom’s: Application

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

67.                Bostian, Inc. has total assets of $625,000. Its total debt outstanding is $185,000. The Board of Directors has directed the CFO to move towards a debt-to-assets ratio of 55%. How much debt must the company add or subtract to achieve the target debt ratio?

68.                $158,750

69.                $166,688

70.                $175,022

71.                $183,773

72.                $192,962

 

 

ANS:      A

Total assets        $625,000

Present debt     $185,000

Target debt ratio              55%

Target amount of debt  $343,750

Change in amount of debt outstanding  $158,750

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-4

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Debt ratio            KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

68.                Emerson Inc.’s would like to undertake a policy of paying out 45% of its income. Its latest net income was $1,250,000, and it had 225,000 shares outstanding. What dividend per share should it declare?

69.                $2.14

70.                $2.26

71.                $2.38

72.                $2.50

73.                $2.63

 

 

ANS:      D

Net income        $1,250,000

Shares outstanding         225,000

Payout ratio       45%

EPS         $5.56

DPS        $2.50

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-6

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      EPS, DPS, and payout     KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis

MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

69.                Aziz Industries has sales of $100,000 and accounts receivable of $11,500, and it gives its customers 30 days to pay. The industry average DSO is 27 days, based on a 365-day year. If the company changes its credit and collection policy sufficiently to cause its DSO to fall to the industry average, and if it earns 8.0% on any cash freed-up by this change, how would that affect its net income, assuming other things are held constant?

70.                $267.34

71.                $281.41

72.                $296.22

73.                $311.81

74.                $328.22

 

 

ANS:      E

Rate of return on cash generated             8.0%

Sales      $100,000

A/R        $11,500

Days in year        365

Sales/day            $273.97

Company DSO   42.0

Industry DSO              27.0

Excess DSO         15.0

Cash flow from reducing the DSO             $4,102.74

 

Alternative calculation:

A/R at industry DSO        $7,397.26

Change in A/R   $4,102.74

Additional Net Income  $328.22

 

 

PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficulty: Moderate                       OBJ:       LO: 3-3

NAT:      BUSPROG: Analytic

STA:       DISC: Financial statements, analysis, forecasting, and cash flows

LOC:       TBA        TOP:      Effect of lowering the DSO on net income

KEY:       Bloom’s: Analysis                             MSC:     TYPE: Multiple Choice: Problem

 

 

 

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