Corrections Today 2nd International Edition by Larry J. Siegel – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

CHAPTER 13: Test Bank

 

 

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1.   An alternative to institutional placement is:

a.	community-based programs	c.	the detention center
b.	banishment	d.	the reformatory

 

ANS:   A         REF:    57                    OBJ:    1

 

2.   What is the practice that permitted convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt obligation with the state?

 

1.   banishment

2.   judicial reprieve

3.   probation

4.   recognizance

 

 

ANS:  D          REF:  58                      OBJ:  1

 

3.   Probation began in 1841 with the volunteer services of:

a.	Howard	c.	Bentham
b.	Manconochie	d.	Augustus

 

ANS:   D         REF:    58                    OBJ:    1

 

4.   What jurisdiction was the first to implement probation as a form of criminal sanction?

 

1.   Georgia

2.   California

3.   Massachusetts

4.   Texas

 

 

ANS:  C          REF:  58                      OBJ:  1

 

5.   The most common form of criminal sanction during the 20th century was:

a.	probation	c.	Prison
b.	restitution	d.	Jail

 

ANS:   A         REF:    59                    OBJ:    1

 

6.   The philosophy driving community-based corrections is:

a.	rehabilitation	c.	restitution
b.	reintegrative	d.	reactive

 

ANS:   B         REF:    60                    OBJ:    2

 

7.   The state based acts through which local governments receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders is the:

a.	Community Shares Act	c.	Community Corrections Act
b.	Intergovernmental Agreement Act	d.	Local Community Crimes-based Act

 

ANS:   C         REF:    60                    OBJ:    1

 

8.   Which of the following is not a characteristic of CCAs?

9.   CCAs are created by each state’s Supreme Court.

10.                CCAs call for decentralized program design and delivery.

11.                CCAs provide for citizen involvement and specify roles that citizens may play.

12.                CCAs endorse locally determined sanctions and services.

 

ANS:  A          REF:  60                      OBJ:  1

 

9.   Historically, diversion programs were used for:

 

1.   first time or youthful offenders

2.   those suspected of minor offenses

3.   mentally disordered offenders

4.   all of these

 

 

ANS:  D          REF:  62                      OBJ:  2

 

10.                Which of the following is not a goal of diversion today?

11.                Avoiding the harsh impacts of incarceration

12.                Providing a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from

13.                Dealing with the punitively oriented alternative

14.                Providing a “more justifying justice” for victims and communities

 

ANS:  C          REF:  62                      OBJ:  2

 

11.                What takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution?

 

1.   Absolute diversion

2.   Real diversion

3.   Statutory diversion

4.   True diversion

 

 

ANS:  D          REF:  62                      OBJ:  2

 

12.                Which of the following is the most widespread of the various national programs that have been designed to divert drug abusers away from the criminal justice system?

 

1.   BASC

2.   DASC

3.   MASC

4.   TASC

 

 

ANS:   D         REF:  64                      OBJ:  2

 

13.                Mediation is the basis for:

a.	deferred prosecution	c.	diversion
b.	discovery	d.	dispute resolution programs

 

ANS:   D         REF:    64                    OBJ:    2

 

14.                A program to divert drug abusers from the criminal justice system into specialized support services is known as:

a.	Drug Abuse Alternatives	c.	Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime
b.	Addiction Recovery Program	d.	Safe House Recovery Program

 

ANS:   C         REF:    64                    OBJ:    2

 

15.                Probation sentences are for:

a.	an unlimited time	c.	all misdemeanants
b.	a fixed period	d.	a time set by the probation officer

 

ANS:   B         REF:    65                    OBJ:    3

 

16.                If the rules of probation are not followed by the probationer, probation can be:

a.	extended	c.	revoked
b.	changed to include harsher rules	d.	all of these choices

 

ANS:   D         REF:    64                    OBJ:    3

 

17.                Which of the following is not a feature of probation?

a.	prison time	c.	payment of fees
b.	drug testing	d.	regular employment

 

ANS:   A         REF:    64                    OBJ:    3

 

18.                White males make up about _____ of the adults on probation.

a.	half	c.	three quarters
b.	one quarter	d.	two thirds

 

ANS:   A         REF:    65                    OBJ:    3

 

19.                Why are so many probationers HIV positive?

a.	High rates of injection drug use	c.	both a and b
b.	risky sexual behavior	d.	none of these

 

ANS:   C         REF:    66                    OBJ:    3

 

20.                About ____________________ of all probationers are felons.

 

1.   one fourth

2.   one third

3.   one half

4.   two thirds

 

 

ANS:  C          REF:  67                      OBJ:  3

 

21.                During the 1980s and 1990s, many large correctional and community supervision agencies adopted new policies that were known as a:

22.                Rehabilitation Management System

23.                Reformation Management System

24.                Risk Management System

25.                Strategic Management System

 

ANS:  C          REF:  67                      OBJ:  4

 

22.                Which of the following is not one of the features of “the new penology?”

23.                It conceives of crime as a systemic phenomenon and crime policy as a problem of actuarial risk management.

24.                It embraces the objective of risk management and the management of the system itself.

25.                Techniques of profiling and screening are used as ways of improving control over penal agents and subjects.

26.                It focuses more on treatment and offering services to penal agents.

 

ANS:  D          REF:  66-67                OBJ:  4

 

23.                Research shows that risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model can cut recidivism of high-risk offenders by as much as ___________ percent.

 

1.   10

2.   20

3.   30

4.   50

 

 

ANS:   B         REF:    68                    OBJ:  4

 

24.                The U.S. has approximately ________ adult probation agencies.

a.	500	c.	1200
b.	2000	d.	1000

 

ANS:   B         REF:    68                    OBJ:    5

 

25.                Recidivism rises as probation caseload size _______.

a.	increases	c.	remains static
b.	decreases	d.	none of these choices

 

ANS:   A         REF:    72                    OBJ:    5

 

26.                A report used at a sentencing hearing is a PSI. This means:

a.	Post Sentencing Inquiry	c.	Pre-Sentence Investigation
b.	Pre-release System Interrogatory	d.	Pre-Selected Investigation

 

ANS:   C         REF:    73                    OBJ:    5

 

27.                Disclosure of PSI to defense counsel in a death penalty case was held permissible by the U.S. Supreme Court case:

a.	U.S. v Knights	c.	Morissey v Brewer
b.	Beardon v Georgia	d.	Gardiner v Florida

 

ANS:   D         REF:    73                    OBJ:    6

 

28.                In ____________, the U.S. Supreme Court held that probationers have fewer constitutional protections than the general public and specifically that their homes can be searched without a warrant.

a.	Mempa v Rhay	c.	Gagnon v Scarpelli
b.	Griffin v Wisconsin	d.	Gardiner v Florida

 

ANS:   B         REF:    74                    OBJ:    6

 

29.                A sentence delaying conviction on a guilty plea until after probation is served is a:

a.	bench probation	c.	shock probation
b.	deferred sentence	d.	split probation

 

ANS:   B         REF:    76                    OBJ:    7

 

30.                A motion suspending the remainder of a sentence after serving a period of time in prison is:

a.	shock probation	c.	deferred probation
b.	bench probation	d.	split probation

 

ANS:   A         REF:    76                    OBJ:    7

 

31.                A type of probation in which the probationer is not supervised is:

a.	shock probation	c.	split probation
b.	deferred probation	d.	bench probation

 

ANS:   D         REF:    76                    OBJ:    7

 

32.                A sentence requiring an offender to serve time in jail or prison before a probation placement is:

a.	deferred probation	c.	split probation
b.	bench probation	d.	shock probation

 

ANS:   C         REF:    76                                REF:  3: OBJ:    3

 

33.                Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP) was started in:

a.	Georgia	c.	New York
b.	California	d.	Florida

 

ANS:   A         REF:    76                    OBJ:    7

 

34.                In evaluations of ISP programs, the amount of criminal offending:

a.	increased	c.	doubled
b.	declined	d.	did not change

 

ANS:   B         REF:    77                    OBJ:    7

 

35.                Which of the following is not a current trend in probation?

36.                Attention will continue to be paid to substance abusers.

37.                Efficiency and accountability will continue to be demanded of probation departments.

38.                Community partnerships will be used less frequently.

39.                Performance indicators will be used to reveal whether probation is doing its job.

 

ANS:  C          REF:  35                      OBJ:  7

 

 

SCENARIO BASED

 

           Case 3-1

           Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state.  He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system.  Here he learns about Minnesota’s Community Corrections Act. NARREND:

 

36.                Governor Jones is impressed by Minnesota’s community oriented corrections. He wants to implement many of the same policies when he returns to his state.  Which of the following would most likely not be part of a community corrections act if Governor Jones would use existing CCAs as a template for his new legislation?

37.                The law would be judicially authorized.

38.                There would be a decentralized program design and delivery.

39.                The CCA would be authorized statewide.

40.                The CCA would provide for citizen involvement.

 

ANS:  A          REF:  60                      OBJ:  1

 

37.                Governor Jones is also an advocate of diversion programs. Which of the following would not be a goal of a diversion program?

38.                Avoid the harsh impacts of incarceration.

39.                Scare people first with incarceration and then place them on probation.

40.                Provide a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from.

41.                Deals with the economic and social factors associated with crime.

 

ANS:  B          REF:  62                      OBJ:  2

38.                Governor Jones believes that offenders should have their criminal prosecution dropped upon successful completion of their required programs. This is known as ________ diversion.

 

1.   absolute

2.   real

3.   static

4.   true

 

 

ANS:  D          REF:  62                      OBJ:    2

 

39.                Governor Jones flies back to his state and schedules an emergency meeting with the head probation officials. He wants to discuss the probation population.  Governor Jones is surprised to learn that many of the individuals on probation in his state are representative of the national statistics and that most of the probationers are:

 

1.   African American females

2.   African American males

3.   Hispanic males

4.   White males

 

 

ANS:   D         REF:    66                    OBJ:    3

 

40.                Governor Jones is also surprised to learn about the reasons why people are on probation. If Governor Jones’ state is similar to national statistics, what offense have the largest percentage of probationers been convicted of?

 

1.   Drug law offenses

2.   Property offenses

3.   Public order offenses

4.   Violent offenses

 

 

ANS:   B         REF:    65                    OBJ:    3

 

Case 3-2

Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary.  He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime.  Last year he was arrested and placed in the TASC program.  He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for one year.  NARREND:

 

41.                Why would Jack have been placed in the TASC program last year?

 

1.   Jack was abusive to his wife.

2.   Jack was a child molester.

3.   Jack was a drug abuser.

4.   Jack was a shop lifter.

 

 

ANS:  C          REF:  64                      OBJ:    2

 

42.                One of the conditions of Jack’s probation is that he pays back the victim of his burglary the amount of loss and damage that he caused. What is this payment called?

 

1.   community service

2.   fine

3.   retribution

4.   restitution

 

 

ANS:   D         REF:    65                    OBJ:    3

 

43.                In Jack’s case who had the final approval in the decision of probation?

 

1.   judge

2.   jury

3.   probation officer

4.   victim

 

 

ANS:  A          REF:  66                      OBJ:    3

44.                In the state where Jack will be serving his probation there is a local administered probation department. Despite the fact that probation is a local responsibility here, which of the following is the state still accountable for?

 

1.   providing financial support

2.   setting standards

3.   arranging training courses

4.   all of these

 

 

ANS:  D          REF:  68                      OBJ:  5

 

45.                Before he was placed on probation, a presentence investigation report was prepared. Who was responsible for preparing this report?

 

1.   judge

2.   jury

3.   probation officer

4.   victim

 

 

ANS:   C         REF :   66                    OBJ:  5

 

          

TRUE/FALSE

 

1.   One of the major purposes of community corrections acts is to encourage state imprisonment in lieu of local sentencing options.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  60          OBJ:  1

 

2.   Most diversionary interventions take place prior to trial.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  62          OBJ:  2

 

3.   The TASC program was designed to divert drug dealers away from the criminal justice system.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  64          OBJ:  2

 

4.   Deferred prosecution programs appear to be a good option for most first offenders because they avoid the stigma of a criminal record and reduce the volume of persons going through the criminal justice process.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  64          OBJ:  2

 

5.   Probation is used only with petty offenders.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  65          OBJ:  3

 

6.   In some states, juries may also recommend probation if the case meets legally regulated criteria.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  66          OBJ:  3

 

7.   Courts in states with determinate sentencing typically use probation more frequently than do courts in states with indeterminate sentencing.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  67          OBJ:  3

 

8.   A risk management correctional system is more focused on providing treatment services for offenders than regulating or controlling them.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  67          OBJ:  4

 

9.   Assignment of probation to the executive branch on a statewide basis allows for uniform standards of policy making.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  68          OBJ:  5

 

10.                Today, all states utilize private probation services of low-risk offenders.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  69          OBJ:  5

 

11.                In most states, a PSI report must be prepared regardless of whether the offender is eligible for probation.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  73          OBJ:  5

 

12.                The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that probationers are entitled to the same constitutional protections as other citizens.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  74          OBJ:  6

 

13.                Revocation of probation because of a new crime is referred to as a technical violation.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  74          OBJ:  6

 

14.                Recidivism rates are low among those placed on probation for a misdemeanor.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  75          OBJ:  7

 

15.                Gender appears to affect probationer’s effectiveness.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  75          OBJ:  7

 

 

COMPLETION

 

1.   ____________________was designed to penalizes sex offenders by requiring registration with local law enforcement agencies.

 

ANS:   Megan’s Law

 

REF:    56        OBJ:    1

 

2.   A ____________________is when judges were allowed to suspend punishment so offenders could seek a pardon or gather evidence that they were reformed.

 

ANS:   judicial reprieve

 

REF:    58        OBJ:    1

 

3.   State-based acts that subsidize diversion of minor offender from state prisons are ____________________.

 

ANS:   Community Corrections Acts

 

REF:    60        OBJ:    1

 

4.   Mediation programs designed to keep minor conflicts between criminals out of court are called ____________________programs.

 

ANS:   dispute resolution

 

REF:    64        OBJ:    2

 

5.   There are more than 4,000,000 ________________ on probation in the U.S.

 

ANS:   adults

 

REF:    65        OBJ:    3

 

6.   Financial _____________________ is the payment of a sum of money by an offender either to the victim or to a pubic fund for victims of crime.

 

ANS:  restitution

 

REF:  65          OBJ:  3

 

7.   _______________________ requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency.

 

ANS:  Community service

 

REF:  65          OBJ:  3

 

8.   The basic functions of a probation officer’s job include supervision, investigation and ____________________.

 

ANS:   surveillance

 

REF:    73        OBJ:    5

 

9.   A __________________________ helps the court decide whether to grant probation and to determine the conditions of probation.

 

ANS:   presentence investigation

 

REF:    73        OBJ:  5

 

10.                A violation of the rules or terms of probation or the commitment of a new crime can result in _____________________ of probation.

 

ANS:  revocation

 

REF:  74          OBJ:  6

 

11.                A _____________________________occurs when a probationer violates one of the rules of probation, such as not meeting with your probation officer.

 

ANS:   technical violation

 

REF:    74        OBJ:  6

 

12.                In _________________________, the Court ruled that a judge cannot revoke a defendant’s probation for failure to pay a fine and make restitution.

 

ANS:  Bearden v. Georgia

 

REF:  74          OBJ:  6

 

13.                _______________________________ is a sentence that delays conviction on a guilty plea until the sentenced offender has successfully served his or her probation term.

 

ANS:  deferred sentence

 

REF:  76          OBJ:  7

 

14.                A ________________________________ requires an offender to spend a period of time in jail before being placed on probation in the community.

 

ANS:   split sentence

 

REF:    76        OBJ:    7

 

15.                Under ____________________________, a probationer is supervised far more strictly than under standard services.

 

ANS:   intensive probation

 

REF:    76        OBJ:    7

 

 

ESSAY

 

1.   Explain Community Corrections Acts and their common characteristics.

 

ANS:   A community corrections act is a law passed by a state legislature where the state grants funds to local units of government to plan, develop, and deliver correctional services and sanctions.  Approximately 25 states have implemented CCAs for adults.  They call for decentralized program design and delivery.  They provide for local control of the process employed to serve as the basis for the development, implementation, and modification of local correctional sanctions and services.  CCAs provide for citizen involvement and specify roles that citizens play.  CCAs also endorse locally determined sanctions and services which are to be delivered at the local level.

 

REF:  61                      OBJ:  1

 

2.   What are the goals of diversion programs?

 

ANS:   Diversion programs are designed to help offenders avoid the stigma of a criminal conviction.  Diversion programs can accomplish this by avoiding the harsh and criminogenic impacts of incarceration or prison.  They also provide a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from.  Also, they provide a “more justifying justice” for victims and communities. Diversion programs also deal with the economic, social, and personal factors associated with crime, rather than the punitively oriented alternative.

 

REF:  62                      OBJ:  2

3.   Discuss the TASC Program.

 

ANS:   TASC stands for Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime.  This program is the most widespread of the various national programs for that have been designed to divert drug abusers away from the criminal justice system and into other agencies that offer specialized support services.  In TASC there is a screening unit that attempts to identify drug users entering the criminal justice system and to offer the program to those who are eligible.  The intake unit then diagnoses each offender referred to it and recommends the appropriate treatment program.  The tracking unit then closely monitors the progress of the client.  Those who violate are returned to the criminal justice system for the appropriate action.  TASC programs are a cost-effective way of delivering treatment because of their ability to identify and link appropriate services to drug-involved individuals.

 

REF:  64                      OBJ:  2

 

4.   Discuss the probation population in the United States today. Specifically, discuss who is more likely to be on probation, what offenses are probationers more likely to have committed and what states have the majority of probationers?

 

ANS:  There are more than 4 million adults on probation in the United States today.  Most probationers are concentrated in a few states including Georgia, Texas, California, Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania.  Probationers account for more than half the growth in the correctional population since 1990.  While males make up about 55% of the adults on probation.  50% of all probationers have been convicted of a felony, including drug offenses, property offenses and violent offenses.  76% of probationers are male.  Illegal drug use is a problem for probationers.  Probationers are more likely than others to have mental health problems.  High rates of injection drug use and risky sexual behavior also result in many probationers testing HIV positive.

 

REF:  66                      OBJ:  3

 

5.   Discuss Feeley and Simon’s “new penology.”

 

ANS:   The movement in probation and parole toward a risk management system is known as the “new penology.”  The focus is on goals aimed at regulating groups of offenders.  The language of new penology is anchored in the discourse of the system analysis and operations research.  Crime is seen as a systemic phenomenon and crime policy is seen as a problem of actuarial risk management.  New penology embraces the policy of risk management and the management of the system itself.  Administrative techniques of new penology are adapted from the world of insurance, financial management, and even retailing.  These are techniques that improve administrative knowledge of control over penal agents and subjects.

 

REF:  68                      OBJ:  4

 

6.   Discuss at least two pros and two cons of a locally operated probation department.

 

ANS:   There are approximately 2000 adult probation agencies in the United States.  More than half are associated with a state-level agency and in about 1/4 of the states’ probation is a local responsibility.  In locally operated probation departments, the state is still required to provide financial support, setting standards, and arranging training courses.  An argument for locally operated probation departments is that citizens and agencies of the community more readily support programs that are open to their participation and are responsive to local needs and problems.  Small operations are also more flexible, adjust more quickly to change and are less encumbered by bureaucratic rigidity.  There are three arguments against a local probation agency.  A state-administered probation system can set standards of service which will ensure uniformity of procedures, policies, and services.  A larger agency can make more effective use of funds and personnel.  Greater efficiency in the disposition of resources is also possible when all probation officers are state employees.

 

REF:  68                      OBJ:  5

 

7.   Discuss the three basic functions of an adult probation officer.

 

ANS:   The three basic functions of an adult probation officer are to manage a caseload, to supervise adult probationers, and to make presentence investigation and other reports to the court.  Through case management, the officer is required to determine as much as possible whether a client is obeying the law and complying with the terms of probation.  If not, they follow up on the violation.  Effective supervision is critical because it protects the department from civil liability.  Some probation officers are required to complete a presentence investigation report.  The presentence investigation report usually helps the court to decide whether to grant probation, determine the conditions of probation, determine the length of the sentence and decide on community or institutional-based placement for defendants.

 

REF:  71, 72                OBJ:  5

 

8.   What are the usual six categories in a presentence investigation report?

 

ANS:   PSI reports usually have the following six categories:

• Information about the offense and a description of its exact nature.
• The defendant’s prior record, including juvenile adjudications.
• Background information on the defendant’s upbringing, education background, employment, marital situation, physical and emotional health, military service, financial situation.
• A statement by the prosecution about what the appropriate disposition should be
• A summary of the foregoing information along with sentencing alternatives available to the court.
• The probation officer’s recommendation on the most appropriate sentence, based on the information in the report.

 

REF:  73                      OBJ:  5

 

9.   Discuss probation revocation and the four cases where the Supreme Court provided procedural safeguards to apply at proceedings to revoke probation.

 

ANS:  A violation of the terms or probation or committing a new crime can result in the revocation of probation.  Revocation because of a rule violation is known as a technical violation.  Violations of probation have led to an increase in offenders being returned to prison.  This is contributing to the increase in the costs of corrections.  Revocation is not an easy decision.  The probation officer is notified of the violation and a formal hearing is scheduled.  There are certain procedural due process rights at this hearing.  In Mempha v. Rhay the court reversed the probationer’s revocation because he did not have counsel at his revocation hearing.  In Gagnon v. Scarpelli the Court held that both probationers and parolees have a limited right to counsel in revocation hearings.  Here, it was determined that the probationers must be provided with counsel to ensure equal protection.  In Bearden v. Georgia the court ruled that a judge cannot revoke a defendant’s probation for failure to pay a fine and make restitution, unless the probationer is responsible for this failure.  In Unites States v. Granderson the Court ruled that it would be unfair to force a probationer to serve more time in prison as a result of a revocation of probation than one would have if originally incarcerated.

 

REF: 74                       OBJ:  6

 

10.                What are three ideas discussed in the text that can improve the effectiveness of probation?

 

ANS:   Several steps are necessary to improve probation effectiveness.  More financial resources must be provided to implement quality programming for appropriate probation target groups.  The credibility of probation with the public and the judiciary must be improved.  More innovative probations in probation across the nation need to be implemented.  Probation must also be a priority research topic in order to identify proven methods of reducing offender recidivism.

 

REF:  75                      OBJ:  7

 

CHAPTER 5: Test Bank

 

 

 

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1.   What level of institution touches the lives of more individuals than any other penal institution?

a.	Jail	c.	Halfway house
b.	Prison	d.	Day reporting center

 

ANS:   A         REF:    110                  OBJ:    1

 

2.   While jails in some states hold persons for only a few hours, most jails can detain people for _____ hours or longer.

a.	8	c.	48
b.	12	d.	72

 

ANS:   C         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

3.   Police lockups can hold people for:

a.	96 hours	c.	one week
b.	less than 48 hours	d.	72 hours

 

ANS:   B         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

4.   Which colony became the model for jails?

 

1.   Georgia

2.   Maryland

3.   Pennsylvania

4.   Virginia

 

 

ANS:  C          REF:  111                    OBJ:  1

 

5.   The initial step when admitted to jail is:

a.	receiving housing assignment	c.	booking
b.	Classification	d.	risk assessment

 

ANS:   C         REF:    112                  OBJ:    1

 

6.   ___% of the detainees in most jails are misdemeanants who couldn’t make bail.

a.	20	c.	35
b.	50	d.	70

 

ANS:   B         REF:    112                  OBJ:    2

 

7.   An agent who lends money for a fee to those who don’t have the money for release is a:

a.	bail bondsman	c.	banker
b.	loan shark	d.	jail administrator or sheriff

 

ANS:   A         REF:    112                  OBJ:    2

 

8.   ROR means:

a.	rehabilitation or restitution	c.	refusal of rehabilitation
b.	release on record	d.	release on own recognizance

 

ANS:   D         REF:    113                  OBJ:    2

 

9.   A __________ is usually given for minor offenses and is based on the defendant’s written promise to appear in court.

 

1.   percentage bail

2.   signature bond

3.   third-party custody

4.   supervised release

 

 

ANS:  B          REF:  113                    OBJ:  2

 

10.                When the court assigns custody of the defendant to an individual or agency guaranteeing his/her court appearance, it is known as:

a.	inmate assurance	c.	recognizance
b.	third party custody	d.	reception

 

ANS:   B         REF:    113                  OBJ:    2

 

11.                Based on the research, who is not likely to receive pre-trial release?

a.	first-time offenders	c.	minorities
b.	Women	d.	Caucasian

 

ANS:   C         REF:    113                  OBJ:    2

 

12.                The bail reform movement is most closely linked with:

a.	the Manhattan Bail Project	c.	the Prison system
b.	preventive detention	d.	the Jail administrator

 

ANS:   A         REF:    113                  OBJ:    2

 

13.                What ensured that release would be granted in all noncapital cases in which sufficient reason existed that the defendant would return to court?

 

1.   Manhattan Bail Project

2.   Bail Reform Act of 1966

3.   Bail Reform Act of 1984

4.   The Eighth Amendment

 

 

ANS:  B          REF:  113                    OBJ:  2

 

 

14.                The jail system originated in:

a.	France	c.	Russia
b.	Germany	d.	England

 

ANS:   D         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

15.                In the colonial era, instead of cells, inmate housing took the form of:

a.	large dormitories	c.	small rooms
b.	private homes	d.	no inside shelters

 

ANS:   C         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

16.                The first state to establish a jail was:

a.	Virginia	c.	New York
b.	Maryland	d.	Georgia

 

ANS:   A         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

17.                The contemporary jail is usually under the authority of the:

a.	mayor	c.	local council
b.	warden	d.	sheriff

 

ANS:   D         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

18.                Today, most jails have approximately ___ beds.

 

1.   1 to 49

2.   50 to 249

3.   250 to 999

4.   more than 1000

 

 

ANS:  A          REF:  115                    OBJ:  2

 

19.                During the past decade, the number of inmates in most jails in the U.S. :

a.	decreased	c.	increased
b.	remained static	d.	doubled

 

ANS:   C         REF:    115                  OBJ:    3

 

20.                Largely due to increased security risks, the number of juveniles held in adult jails has:

a.	increased	c.	doubled
b.	decreased	d.	remained the same

 

ANS:   B         REF:    116                  OBJ:    3

 

21.                The number of elderly jail inmates during the last decade has:

a.	decreased	c.	tripled
b.	remained the same	d.	doubled

 

ANS:   D         REF:    116                  OBJ:    3

22.                Despite the increase in incarcerated female offenders, _____ out of 10 jail inmates are adult males.

a.	nine	c.	five
b.	six	d.	four

 

ANS:   A         REF:    116                  OBJ:    3

 

23.                The social class overrepresented in the nation’s jails is the:

a.	wealthy	c.	upper middle class
b.	middle class	d.	poor

 

ANS:   D         REF:    117                  OBJ:    3

 

24.                Blacks are approximately ___ times more likely than Hispanics and ___ times more likely than whites to be in jail.

a.	2, 3	c.	3, 10
b.	3, 5	d.	5, 15

 

ANS:   B         REF:    116                  OBJ:    3

 

25.                The alternatives to local control of jails are:

a.	state-run jails	c.	state-subsidized programs
b.	regional arrangements	d.	all of these choices

 

ANS:   D         REF:    118                  OBJ:    4