Criminal Investigation 11th Edition by Charles R Swanson – Test Bank

 

To Purchase this Complete Test Bank with Answers Click the link Below

 

https://tbzuiqe.com/product/criminal-investigation-11th-edition-by-charles-r-swanson-test-bank/

 

If face any problem or Further information contact us At tbzuiqe@gmail.com

 

 

Sample Questions

 

 

Chapter 04: Physical Evidence

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1.   Which characteristic can be identified as originating from a particular person or source?

2.   A) Class.

3.   B) Primary.

4.   C) Latent.

5.   D) Individual.

Ans: D

Page ref: 81

 

2.   Which of the following is/are guidelines to be used in handling soil evidence?

3.   A) Gather soil as quickly as sound action permits.

4.   B) Collect soil samples where there are noticeable changes in composition, color, and texture.

5.   C) Collect soil samples from a depth that is consistent with the depth at which the questioned soil may have originated.

6.   D) All are guidelines to be used in handling soil evidence.

Ans: D

Page ref: 84

 

3.   What is the preferred medium for casting prints due to its greater strength, quicker setting time, ease of use and because it provides more detailed impressions?

4.   A) Plaster of Paris.

5.   B) Dental Stone.

6.   C) Concrete.

7.   D) None of the above.

Ans: B

Page ref: 86

 

4.   The direction of a shot through a glass window can be determined by

5.   A) Concentric cracks

6.   B) Radial cracks

7.   C) A cone shaped area on the opposite side from impact

8.   D) All of the above

Ans:  C

Page ref:  90

 

5.   A fracture match occurs when

6.   A) It is established that two or more pieces were formerly joined together.

7.   B) Multiple items are compared to each other.

8.   C) Multiple items share the same chemical consistency.

9.   D) None of the above are examples of fracture matches

Ans:  A

Page ref:  88

 

6.   What type of print is created when fingers touch against some material such as a newly painted surface?

7.   A) Latex

8.   B) Contaminated

9.   C) Plastic

10.                D) Latent

Ans: C

Page ref: 94

 

7.   Which of the following is a major fingerprint pattern?

8.   A) Double Central

9.   B) Looped Arch

10.                C) Depressed Loop

11.                D) Plain Whorl

Ans: D

Page ref: 94

 

8.   Which is true about fingerprints?

9.   A) Everyone has them and at least one fingerprint pattern will be duplicated on a person’s toe.

10.                B) Identical twins have identical fingerprints.

11.                C) Contaminated prints are created when fingers touch a surface like fresh putty.

12.                D) DFO is about three times more effective than ninhydrin in developing latent prints on paper.

Ans: D

Page ref: 97

 

9.   A handgun used in a murder is recovered by a diver. Which of the following should be used to develop any latent prints?

10.                A) Small Particular Reagent (SPR)

11.                B) Amido Black

12.                C) SuperGlue

13.                D) Basic Yellow 40

Ans: A

Page ref: 97

 

10.                Which of the following have friction ridges that are commonly referred to as “fingerprints.”

11.                A) Soles of the feet

12.                B) Toes

13.                C) Fingers

14.                D) All of the above

Ans:  D

Page ref:  93

 

11.                Rope, cord, string and tape are more likely to be found at this type of crime.

12.                A) Car theft

13.                B) Extortion

14.                C) Rape/sexual assault

15.                D) None of the above

Ans:  C

Page ref:  93

 

12.                Skeletal, burned, or mutilated remains can best be identified by

13.                A) carbon dating.

14.                B) fingerprints.

15.                C) the use of dental records.

16.                D) combinations of physical and circumstantial evidence.

Ans: C

Page ref: 100

 

13.                Many victims are bitten during an attack. What is the primary significance of a bite mark to the investigator?

14.                A) Can provide the M.O. of the perpetrator.

15.                B) Can provide sites for DNA collection of saliva from the suspect which can lead to the identification of the suspect.

16.                C) Can aid in deciding what charges to apply when the suspect is arrested.

17.                D) Can aid in determining whether or not the suspect should be charged as a sexual criminal.

Ans: B

Page ref: 103

 

14.                Which of the following information cannot be provided by a forensic examination of hair?

15.                A) The area of the body from which the hair came as well as the race of the donor.

16.                B) The manner in which the hair was removed: cut or forcible pulled out.

17.                C) What drugs were ingested and how long ago they were consumed.

18.                D) Approximate age of the donor.

Ans: D

Page ref: 104

 

15.                Which is used as a presumptive or preliminary field test for blood?

16.                A) Hemident

17.                B) Limpit

18.                C) Dolcet

19.                D) Nodocen

Ans: A

Page ref : 107

 

16.                Which should be used to collect fresh liquid blood evidence at a crime scene?

17.                A) Clean cotton cloth

18.                B) Paper

19.                C) Tape

20.                D) All of the choices are correct

Ans: A

Page ref: 109

 

17.                Under ordinary conditions laboratory examination of blood evidence can determine all of the following except

18.                A) the sex of the person.

19.                B) the blood type of the person and their DNA profile.

20.                C) the race of the person.

21.                D) whether the person was a smoker.

Ans: C

Page ref: 110

 

18.                Which of the following statements is true?

19.                A) Bore is the correct term to apply to the radius of the interior of a weapon’s barrel.

20.                B) In a rifled bore, the bore is measured from one groove to an opposing groove.

21.                C) With a rifled bore, the projectile usually rotates in a left-hand direction.

22.                D) It is possible to fire a smaller caliber bullet through a larger bored weapon.

Ans: D

Page ref: 112

 

19.                Which of the following is not a determination that can be made from cartridge cases?

20.                A) Marks made on the cartridge case as it is loaded into the chamber for firing.

21.                B) A pin impression made on the base of the cartridge case which is caused by the firing of the weapon.

22.                C) Striations made when expanding gases force the cartridge case against the chamber wall and marks left by the same gases when they force the cartridge case back against the breach.

23.                D) Bullet residue from the fired bullet that is “shaved” off as it exits the gun barrel.

Ans: D

Page ref: 112

 

20.                Any impression, cut, gouge, or abrasion made when a tool comes into contact with another object, for forensic purposes, is

21.                A) a tool mark.

22.                B) an element of the burglary.

23.                C) the modus operandi of the suspect.

24.                D) possibly any of the preceding depending on the circumstances of the case.

Ans: A

Page ref: 115

 

21.                Loosely defined, a document is anything

22.                A) to which a notary seal has been affixed.

23.                B) with legal meaning.

24.                C) on which a mark has been made for the purpose of conveying a message.

25.                D) officially used.

Ans: C

Page ref: 116

 

22.                Tool marks are most commonly found at this type of crime.

23.                A) Burglary

24.                B) Robbery

25.                C) Assault

26.                D) None of the above

Ans:  A

Page ref:  115

 

23.                Laboratory examination may be able to determine which of the following for questioned documents?

24.                A) Establish the source of the paper through watermarks.

25.                B) Determine if the document is authentic or fake

26.                C) Determine the age of the document

27.                D) All of the above are possible determinations

Ans:  D

Page ref:  119

 

24.                What evidentiary information is obtained when the ink used to write a message involved in a crime is compared with the ink recovered from a suspect?

25.                A) Identifies the suspect.

26.                B) Identifies the pen used in writing the note.

27.                C) Determines whether or not the inks have consistent characteristics.

28.                D) No evidentiary information can be obtained.

Ans: C

Page ref: 119

 

25.                This type of crime is more likely to have disputed or questioned documents.

26.                A) Assault

27.                B) White collar crimes

28.                C) Burglary

29.                D) Car theft

Ans:  B

Page ref:  116

 

True False Questions

 

26.                Characteristics of physical evidence that are common to a group of objects or persons are termed individual characteristics whereas class characteristics can be identified, with a high degree of probability, as originating with a particular person or source.

Ans: False

Page ref: 81

 

27.                Collect soil samples from a depth that is consistent with the depth at which the questioned soil may have originated.

Ans: True

Page ref: 84

 

28.                The Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval System (SICAR) is a software package that classifies, archives, identifies, and names the shoe store that sold the shoes.

Ans: False

Page ref: 85

 

29.                Usually, paint is class-characteristic evidence, although in some cases it reaches the level of individual evidence.

Ans: True

Page ref: 88

 

30.                If glass fragments are sufficiently large to allow for a fracture match, glass may assume individuality. A fracture match can only be made in the crime lab.

Ans: True

Page ref:  89

 

31.                It is possible to determine the direction from which a bullet penetrated glass: on the same side of the surface of initial impact, there will be a characteristic cone-shaped area. The larger area of the cone shape indicates the area from which the bullet was fired.

Ans: False

Page ref: 90

 

32.                Cord and rope have essentially the same characteristics as string, and all have some characteristics of fibers.

Ans: True

Page ref: 93

 

33.                A fingerprint is a replica of the friction ridges that touched the surface on which the print was found.

Ans:  True

Page ref: 93

 

34.                Latent/invisible prints are associated with the small amounts of body perspiration and oil that are normally found on the friction ridges. A latent print is created when the friction ridges deposit these materials on a surface.

Ans: True

Page ref: 95

 

35.                When the finger leaving the print is very contaminated, both the ridge surfaces and their “valleys” get filled up, resulting in a smeared appearance with little value as evidence.

Ans: True

Page ref: 96

 

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

 

36.                The most common method of developing latent/invisible prints is through the use of traditional ________.

Ans: powders

Page ref: 96

 

37.                ________ is used to develop latent prints on the adhesive side of almost any kind of tape and is also useful on plastic surfaces. The results can be enhanced by viewing the treated area under laser illumination.

Ans: Genetian violet

Page ref: 97

 

38.                Glue fuming of the deceased’s body, followed by the application of fluorescent powders, is a recommended approach to developing latent prints on the victim’s body.

Ans: bodies of deceased

Page ref: 99

 

39.                When a suspect does not give informed consent to obtain bite mark evidence, the courts provide two methods of obtaining these records: a court order or a ________.

Ans: search warrant

Page ref: 104

 

40.                Blood stains, known as ________, may take many forms at a crime scene, produced by such factors as the type, location, and number of wounds inflicted.

Ans: blood spatter

Page ref: 106

 

41.                When analyzing blood evidence, the more elliptical the stain, the more ________ the angle of impact.

Ans: acute

Page ref: 108

 

42.                The ________ is the diameter of the bullet, whereas the bore is the diameter of the barrel’s interior between its opposing high sides, or lands.

Ans: caliber

Page ref: 111

 

43.                ________ are made when expanding gases force the cartridge case against the chamber wall and marks left by the same gases when they force the cartridge case back against the breach face of the weapon.

Ans: Striations

Page ref: 112

 

44.                For forensic purposes, a ________ is any impression, cut, gouge, or abrasion made when a tool comes into contact with another object.

Ans: tool mark

Page ref: 115

 

45.                A __________________ document is one whose origin or authenticity is in doubt.

Ans:  disputed or questioned

Page ref:  116

 

Essay Questions

 

46.                What are class and individual characteristics?

Ans: When the characteristics of physical evidence are common to a group of objects or persons, they may be termed class. Regardless of how thoroughly examined, such evidence can be placed only into a broad category; an individual identification cannot be made because there is a possibility of more than one source for the evidence. Evidence with individual characteristics can be identified as originating with a particular person or source.

Page ref: 81

 

47.                How are unknown/questioned and known samples alike or different?

Ans: Much of the work of forensic science is in making comparisons of various types of samples. There are specialized terms to refer to these samples and it is important to’ know what they mean so you can communicate with the laboratory and understand lab reports. At the most general level, comparison samples may be from unknown/questioned or known sources, each of which have three sub-categories.1) recovered crime scene samples whose source in question, 2) questioned evidence that may have been transferred to an offender during the commission of a crime and taken away by him or her, 3) evidence from an unknown/questioned source which can be used to link multiple offenses together which were committed by the same person, tool, or weapon.

Known Samples 1) standard/reference samples are material from a known/verifiable source; 2) control/blank samples are from a known source which was uncontaminated by the crime and are used to make sure that the evidence on which the evidence was deposited does not interfere with laboratory testing; and 3) elimination samples, which are taken from a source known to have had lawful access to the crime scene to be used to compare with unknown samples of the same type from that scene.

Page ref: 82-83

 

48.                How would you recover shoeprints?

Ans: There are several methods by which the footwear prints can be recovered. As usual, the best case is to send the original evidence to the lab. It should be taped in a rigid container which does not create the opportunity for accidental erasure of the footwear print; do not wrap it in plastic as this can cause a partial erasure of the image. Footwear prints may be collected using a transparent adhesive lifter, which measure roughly 6’x15′, and then mounting the lifter on an appropriately colored card. Similarly, an appropriately colored and sized rubber gelatin lifter can be employed.

Page ref: 85-86

 

49.                Define fracture match and discuss its use and importance in criminal investigations.

Ans:  A fracture match occurs when it is established that two physical items were once co-joined.  Usually, paint and glass are class-characteristic evidence, although in some cases it reaches the level of individual evidence. If the chips are large enough, it may be possible to make a fracture match between a questioned and a known source.

Page ref:  88-89

50.                Identify and discuss the three broad categories of latent fingerprints.

Ans: Plastic prints are created when fingers touch against some material such as a newly painted surface, the gum on envelopes and stamps, oil films, explosives, thick layers of dust, edible fats, putty, and adhesive tape.

Contaminated/visible prints result after a finger, contaminated with foreign matter such as soot, oils, face power, ink, and some types of safe insulation, touches a clean surface.

Latent/invisible prints are associated with the small amounts of body perspiration and oil that are normally found on the friction ridges.

Page ref: 94-95

 

51.                What three factors account for the rapid rise in superglue fuming?

Ans: The three factors associated with superglue fuming rapidly finding favor were ease of use, remarkable results, and low cost. The mechanics of superglue fuming are fairly straightforward.

Page ref: 98-99

 

52.                Dicuss the conditions that affect the quality of fingerprints.

Ans:  1. The surface on which the print is deposited.

2.The nature of the material contaminating the fingerprint

3.   Any physical or occupational defects of the person making the print.

4.   How the object on which the prints appear was handled

         5 . The amount of the contamination.

Page ref:  95-96

 

53.                How do you collect bite mark evidence?

Ans: All suspected or actual bites should be photographed using both black-and-white and color film if feasible. A color scale should always be included in color photographs because it will be of use in determining the approximate time the victim was bitten. A ruler should be placed next to the bite area. This documentation helps the forensic dentist make an exact replica of the bite, which can later be compared with that of the suspect.

Page ref: 102-103

 

54.                It may be possible to reconstruct a crime based on the analysis of blood stains. Identify six determinations which may be made from this type of analysis.

Ans: By studying blood stain evidence the crime maybe reconstructed from the determining the:

1.   direction in which blood droplets were traveling when they were deposited on the surface;

2.   distance from the source of blood to the surface on which droplets were found;

3.   angle at which the droplets impacted;

4.   direction and relative speed of blood trails;

5.   nature of the object used as a weapon;

6.   number of blows struck;

7.   relative locations of other persons, surfaces, and objects having droplets on them;

8.   sequence of events, if multiple events are involved;

9.   interpretation of blood contact or blood transfer patterns; and

10.                estimation of the elapsed time for the event and the volume of bloodshed.

Page ref: 106

 

55.                You collect a shirt with wet bloodstains on it at the crime scene. What do you do with it?

Ans: You should allow fresh blood stains on garments to naturally air dry and then the clothing should be carefully folded with the crusts intact. Do not fold clothing in a way which creases blood stains as this may cause them to become dislodged. As you fold the clothing, place clean paper between each layer. Usually, bloodstained garments are found at the crime scene or retrieved from a hospital’s emergency room.

Page ref: 110

Chapter 7: The Follow-Up Investigation and Investigative Resources

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1.   Which of the following is not part of the investigative solvability factors as discussed in your text?

2.   A) Is the suspect named?

3.   B) Can the suspect be identified?

4.   C) Is there significant physical evidence?

5.   D) Is there a detailed admission about the suspect?

Ans: D

Page ref: 171-172

 

2.   Questions that must be answered by an investigative supervisor in determining whether or not to move forward on an investigation are referred to as

3.   A) clearance factors.

4.   B) solvability factors.

5.   C) solution factors.

6.   D) ration factors.

Ans: B

Page ref: 171

 

3.   Some steps in the follow-up investigation include

4.   A) creation of a case file

5.   B) review the incident and any supplemental reports

6.   C) meeting with the chief to determine the best course of investigation

7.   D) A and B only

Ans:  D

Page ref:  172-174

 

4.   The NCIC contains many database files for use by police. Which of the following is not one of the database files available from NCIC?

5.   A) Unlocated suspect file.

6.   B) Wanted person file.

7.   C) Stolen boat file.

8.   D) Terrorist file.

Ans: A

Page ref: 178-180

 

5.   One source of case information that reveals personal information about the suspect, including his or her current aliases and health condition is the

6.   A) crime lab reports.

7.   B) traffic reports.

8.   C) incident reports.

9.   D) jail booking reports.

Ans: D

Page ref: 175

 

6.   Which statement about conducting a lineup is most accurate?

7.   A) The clothing worn by persons in the lineup should be dissimilar.

8.   B) The witness should be given the opportunity to see the defendant prior to the lineup.

9.   C) Include only one suspect in each identification procedure.

10.                D) There should be at least three persons in the lineup including the suspect.

Ans: C

Page ref: 184-186

 

7.   With regard to guidelines for photo and live lineups, to the extent possible, which of the following should not be present?

8.   A) Prosecutor.

9.   B) Patrol officer.

10.                C) Latent investigator.

11.                D) Assigned investigator.

Ans: D

Page ref: 184

 

8.   Establishing the existence of a violation, obtaining probable cause for a search warrant and preventing crime are all considered effective uses of

9.   A) an informant.

10.                B) grid maps.

11.                C) crime analysis.

12.                D) surveillance.

Ans: D

Page ref: 182

 

9.   Which of the following is not correct as it relates to informants?

10.                A) Informants often expect pay or consideration on pending charges against them.

11.                B) Investigators should not accept gifts or other gratuities from an informant.

12.                C) Investigators do need special permission when using juveniles as informants.

13.                D) Investigators should never keep records on their informants.

Ans: D

Page ref: 181-182

 

10.                Which statement about security cameras and facial recognition software programs is most accurate?

11.                A) There are not many cameras that can be used.

12.                B) The programs uses mathematical calculations to compare known and unknown photos.

C)Law enforcement agencies are not utilizing this technology.

D)This technology has only been around since 9/11/01.

Ans: B

Page ref: 193-194

 

11.                Which of the following is not one of the categories of intelligence as listed in the textbook?

12.                A) Indicative intelligence.

13.                B) Tactical intelligence.

14.                C) Preemptive intelligence.

15.                D) Evidential intelligence.

Ans: C

Page ref: 191

 

12.                The intelligence/analytical cycle is driven by

13.                A) community needs.

14.                B) end-user needs.

15.                C) the mayor’s needs.

16.                D) the system’s needs.

Ans: B

Page ref: 191

 

13.                Which step in the intelligence/analytical cycle refers to the gathering and managing of raw data?

14.                A) Scanning.

15.                B) Implementing.

16.                C) Planning.

17.                D) Collection.

Ans: D

Page ref: 192-193

 

14.                Which step in the intelligence/analytical cycle does feedback have to be obtained regarding the value of the intelligence?

15.                A) Planning.

16.                B) Response.

C)Reevaluation.

1.   D) Analysis.

Ans: C

Page ref: 193

 

15.                The process of using systematic analytical methods to acquire timely information of crime patterns and trend correlations is

16.                A) tactical analysis.

17.                B) service analysis.

18.                C) crime intelligence.

19.                D) crime analysis.

Ans: D

Page ref: 194

 

16.                The same type of crime being committed over a short period of time, probably by the same offender, is referred to as a

17.                A) crime series.

B).crime spree.

1.   C) crime pattern.

2.   D) crime hot spot.

Ans: A

Page ref: 194

 

17.                The police have noted that a single bar where underage drinkers are served is also the location of numerous fights. In crime analysis terms this would be considered

18.                A) a spree.

19.                B) a pattern.

20.                C) a hot spot.

21.                D) a trend.

Ans: C

Page ref: 195

 

18.                One method by which crime analysts can disseminate information is through

19.                A) reward programs.

20.                B) crime stopper signs.

21.                C) staff briefings.

22.                D) mug-shots.

Ans: C

Page ref : 195

 

19.                A useful techniques for analyzing crime data, that displays events in rough chronological order, is a

20.                A) place-time chart.

21.                B) time-event chart.

22.                C) crime-pattern chart.

23.                D) crime-location chart.

Ans: B

Page ref: 201-202

 

20.                The process of studying all the available information on a crime and developing a psychological profile of the offender is called

21.                A) sketching.

22.                B) crime modeling.

23.                C) character analysis.

24.                D) criminal profiling.

Ans: D

Page ref: 198

 

21.                The police have been quick to use the internet for

22.                A) investigative purposes

23.                B) public information purposes

24.                C) administrative purposes

25.                D) All of the above are police uses of the internet

Ans:  D

Page ref:  202

 

22.                Which of the following are steps in the scientific method?

23.                A) State the problem

24.                B) Gather relevant data

25.                C) Form a hypothesis

26.                D) All of the above are steps in the scientific method

Ans:  D

Page ref:  196

 

23.                Geographic profiling is an investigative strategy that uses locations of a series of crimes to determine the most probable area of

24.                A) the next robbery.

25.                B) the most likely escape route.

26.                C) the location of gangs.

27.                D) the offender’s residence.

Ans: D

Page ref: 200

 

24.                “Cold” cases are unsolved cases that become inactive because

25.                A) there are no more leads to follow

26.                B) witnesses were very cooperative

27.                C) evidence was properly maintained

28.                D) None of the above are reasons

Ans:  A

Page ref:  190

 

25.                Law Enforcement Online (LEO) is a secure intranet system created and maintained as a tool for communicating, obtaining mission-critical information, providing or participating in online educational programs, and participating in professional interest or topically focused dialogs. Which agency is responsible for maintaining LEO?

26.                A) Department of Justice.

27.                B) Drug Enforcement Agency.

28.                C) Federal Bureau of Investigation.

29.                D) Department of Homeland Security.

Ans: C

Page ref: 180