Criminal Justice in Action The Core 6th Edition by Larry K. Gaines – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 3—Inside Criminal Law
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The
____________________ is the supreme law of the land, and as such is the basis
of all law in the United States.
|
a. |
Declaration of Independence |
|
b. |
U.S. Penal Code |
|
c. |
U.S. Constitution |
|
d. |
Case law of the United States Supreme
Court |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
63
OBJ: LO 1
2. Statutes
enacted by legislative bodies at any level of government make up a source of
law, which is generally referred to as:
|
a. |
Administrative law |
|
b. |
Case law |
|
c. |
Constitutional law |
|
d. |
Statutory law |
ANS:
D
REF: p. 63-64
OBJ: LO 1
3. On a
state and local level, ______________ can write criminal statutes through a
form of direct democracy known as the ballot initiative.
|
a. |
Law enforcement |
|
b. |
Legislators |
|
c. |
Judges |
|
d. |
Voters |
ANS:
D
REF: p. 64-64
OBJ: LO 1
4. The
term “judge-made” law is synonymous with:
|
a. |
Administrative law |
|
b. |
Case law |
|
c. |
Constitutional law |
|
d. |
Statutory law |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
65
OBJ: LO 1
5. The
rules, orders, and decisions of regulatory agencies make up:
|
a. |
Administrative law |
|
b. |
Case law |
|
c. |
Constitutional law |
|
d. |
Statutory law |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
65
OBJ: LO 1
6. Court
decisions that provide guidance in interpreting the law are called:
|
a. |
Procedural guidelines |
|
b. |
Benchmarks |
|
c. |
Precedents |
|
d. |
Baselines |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
66
OBJ: LO 1
7. The
primary legal function of the law is to:
|
a. |
Teach societal boundaries |
|
b. |
Reflect society’s changing morality |
|
c. |
Express public morality |
|
d. |
Maintain social order by protecting
citizens from criminal harm |
ANS:
D
REF: p.
66
OBJ: LO 2
8. The
social function of the law includes the concepts of:
|
a. |
Protecting individual rights and teaching
societal boundaries |
|
b. |
Protecting individual rights and
punishing offenders |
|
c. |
Expressing public morality and teaching
societal boundaries |
|
d. |
Expressing public morality and
punishing offenders |
ANS:
C
REF: p. 67
OBJ: LO 2
9. Law
may be broken down according to various classifications. Which of the following
is
not one of these classifications?
|
a. |
Civil law and criminal law |
|
b. |
Felonies and misdemeanors |
|
c. |
Mala in se and Mala
prohibita |
|
d. |
Tort crimes and civil crimes |
ANS:
D
REF: p.
69
OBJ: LO 3
10.
The remedy for a violation of civil law is:
|
a. |
Monetary damages awarded to the
plaintiff |
|
b. |
Probation up to five years |
|
c. |
A fine paid to the state or county |
|
d. |
Incarceration up to 1 year |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
69
OBJ: LO 3
11.
What is the burden of proof necessary to win a civil trial?
|
a. |
Clear and convincing evidence |
|
b. |
Probable cause |
|
c. |
Preponderance of evidence |
|
d. |
Proof beyond a reasonable doubt |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
70
OBJ: LO 3
12.
In a criminal case, the burden of proof is:
|
a. |
Beyond a reasonable doubt |
|
b. |
Preponderance of the evidence |
|
c. |
Beyond a shadow of doubt |
|
d. |
By clear and convincing evidence |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
70
OBJ: LO 3
13.
In a civil case, the injured party is called the ____.
|
a. |
Plaintiff |
|
b. |
Defendant |
|
c. |
Prosecutor |
|
d. |
State |
ANS: A
REF: p.
69
OBJ: LO 3
14.
Crimes punishable by death or imprisonment in a federal or state
penitentiary for 1 year or longer are called:
|
a. |
Felonies |
|
b. |
Gross misdemeanors |
|
c. |
Misdemeanors |
|
d. |
Petty misdemeanors |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
70
OBJ: LO 3
15.
What degree of felony carries the maximum penalty of death?
|
a. |
Capital offense |
|
b. |
First degree felonies |
|
c. |
Second degree felonies |
|
d. |
Third degree felonies |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
70
OBJ: LO 3
16.
As a circumstance of murder, ____ means that the offender
considered the crime beforehand.
|
a. |
Deliberation |
|
b. |
Malice aforethought |
|
c. |
Premeditation |
|
d. |
Spontaneity |
ANS: C
REF: p.
71
OBJ: LO 3
17.
Which category of murder occurs when the victim provoked the
offender to act violently?
|
a. |
First degree murder |
|
b. |
Second degree murder |
|
c. |
Voluntary manslaughter |
|
d. |
Involuntary manslaughter |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
71
OBJ: LO 3
18.
A homicide that results from the offender’s carelessness, but
occurs when the offender lacks intent is classified as:
|
a. |
First degree murder |
|
b. |
Second degree murder |
|
c. |
Voluntary manslaughter |
|
d. |
Involuntary manslaughter |
ANS:
D
REF: p.
71
OBJ: LO 3
19.
Misdemeanors are punishable by a fine or by confinement up to:
|
a. |
1 year |
|
b. |
5 years |
|
c. |
10 years |
|
d. |
Life imprisonment |
ANS:
A
REF:
72
OBJ: LO 3
20.
____ are offenses punishable by 30 days to a year in jail.
|
a. |
Gross misdemeanors |
|
b. |
Third degree felonies |
|
c. |
Violations |
|
d. |
Petty misdemeanors |
ANS: A
REF: p.
72
OBJ: LO 3
21.
The term mala
prohibita refers to:
|
a. |
An act that would be wrong even if no
law prohibited it |
|
b. |
A violation of natural law |
|
c. |
A “human-made” law |
|
d. |
An act that goes against the public morality |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
72
OBJ: LO 4
22.
The offense of robbery is:
|
a. |
Mala in se |
|
b. |
Mala prohibita |
|
c. |
A tort |
|
d. |
A misdemeanor |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
72
OBJ: LO 4
23.
A criminal act that is considered wrong even if there is no law
prohibiting it is known as:
|
a. |
A felony |
|
b. |
Mala in se |
|
c. |
Mala prohibita |
|
d. |
A misdemeanor |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
72
OBJ: LO 4
24.
Murder, rape, and theft are examples of ____ crimes.
|
a. |
Mala in se |
|
b. |
Mala prohibita |
|
c. |
Premeditated |
|
d. |
Deliberate |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
72
OBJ: LO 4
25.
Which of the following is NOT a basic element of corpus delicti?
|
a. |
Actus reus |
|
b. |
Mala in se |
|
c. |
Mens rea |
|
d. |
Concurrence, or coming together of the
criminal act and guilty mind |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
74
OBJ: LO 5
26.
A wrongful mental state, or intent, is known as:
|
a. |
Actus reus |
|
b. |
Mala in se |
|
c. |
Mens rea |
|
d. |
Concurrence |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
75
OBJ: LO 5
27.
The guilty act in a criminal offense is referred to as:
|
a. |
Actus reus |
|
b. |
Mens rea |
|
c. |
Corpus delicti |
|
d. |
Habeus corpus |
ANS: A
REF: p.
73
OBJ: LO 5
28.
As discussed in the textbook, Corpus delicti refers to:
|
a. |
The dead body at the scene of a crime |
|
b. |
The element of criminal intent |
|
c. |
The basic elements of a crime |
|
d. |
The criminal act |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
74
OBJ: LO 5
29.
A defendant is said to have ____ committed a criminal act when
he or she desires to engage in certain criminal conduct or to cause a certain
criminal result.
|
a. |
Purposely |
|
b. |
Knowingly |
|
c. |
Negligently |
|
d. |
Accidentally |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
75
OBJ: LO 5
30.
Which category of mens
rea involves the mental state in which the defendant grossly
deviates from the standard of care that a reasonable person would use under the
same circumstances?
|
a. |
Purpose |
|
b. |
Knowledge |
|
c. |
Accidental |
|
d. |
Negligence |
ANS:
D
REF: p. 75-76
OBJ: LO 5
31.
Strict liability is inconsistent with the general principles of criminal
law, because ____ is lacking.
|
a. |
Mens rea |
|
b. |
Actus reus |
|
c. |
Causation |
|
d. |
Concurrence |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
76
OBJ: LO 5
32.
A crime in which the defendant is guilty regardless of his or
her state of mind at the time of the act is known as:
|
a. |
Tort |
|
b. |
First degree homicide |
|
c. |
Strict liability |
|
d. |
Manslaughter |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
76
OBJ: LO 5
33.
What is the term that means that the guilty act and the guilty
intent occur together?
|
a. |
Causation |
|
b. |
Attendant circumstances |
|
c. |
Concurrence |
|
d. |
Harm |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
78
OBJ: LO 5
34.
The facts surrounding an underlying crime are referred to as:
|
a. |
Causation |
|
b. |
Attendant circumstances |
|
c. |
Concurrence |
|
d. |
Harm |
ANS:
B
REF: p. 78-79
OBJ: LO 5
35.
What defense is used when the wrongdoing of the accused is
excused because he or she is too young to fully understand the consequences of
his or her actions?
|
a. |
Infancy |
|
b. |
Insanity |
|
c. |
Intoxication |
|
d. |
Mistake |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
80
OBJ: LO 6
36.
What is the defense for criminal ability that is used to assert
a lack of criminal responsibility because according to law, a person cannot
have the requisite state of mind to commit a crime?
|
a. |
Duress |
|
b. |
Insanity |
|
c. |
Entrapment |
|
d. |
Mistake |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
81
OBJ: LO 6
37.
A common law test of criminal responsibility that relies on the
defendant’s inability to distinguish right from wrong is the:
|
a. |
Durham Rule |
|
b. |
Irresistible-Impulse Test |
|
c. |
M’Naughten Rule |
|
d. |
Substantial Capacity Test |
ANS:
C
REF: p. 81
OBJ: LO 6
38.
A defense for criminal liability in which the defendant claims
that the taking of intoxicants rendered him or her unable to form the requisite
intent to commit a criminal act is:
|
a. |
Never accepted in court |
|
b. |
A good defense if the intoxication was
voluntary |
|
c. |
A good defense if the intoxication was
involuntary |
|
d. |
Not allowed in felony court but is
sometimes allowed in misdemeanor trials |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
82
OBJ: LO 6
39.
When the wrongful threat of one person induces another person to
perform an act that he or she would otherwise not perform, ____ exists.
|
a. |
Duress |
|
b. |
Entrapment |
|
c. |
Necessity |
|
d. |
Self-defense |
ANS:
A
REF: p. 84
OBJ: LO 7
40.
A person who used force in order to protect him or herself from
harm would apply the criminal defense of:
|
a. |
Necessity |
|
b. |
Justification |
|
c. |
Self-defense |
|
d. |
Duress |
ANS:
C
REF: p. 85
OBJ: LO 7
41.
Which of the following is NOT an excuse defense?
|
a. |
Mistake |
|
b. |
Infancy |
|
c. |
Insanity |
|
d. |
Necessity |
ANS:
D
REF: p.
87
OBJ: LO 7
42.
Law that defines the manner in which the rights and duties of
individuals may be enforced is known as __________________.
|
a. |
Legislative criminal law |
|
b. |
Procedural criminal law |
|
c. |
Relative criminal law |
|
d. |
Substantive criminal law |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
86
OBJ: LO 8
43.
The Fourth Amendment protects against:
|
a. |
Excessive bail |
|
b. |
Excessive fines |
|
c. |
Cruel and unusual punishment |
|
d. |
Unreasonable searches |
ANS:
D
REF: p.
86
OBJ: LO 8
44.
This form of due process requires laws to be carried out in a
fair and orderly manner.
|
a. |
Legislative due process |
|
b. |
Procedural due process |
|
c. |
Relative due process |
|
d. |
Substantive due process |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
87
OBJ: LO 8
45.
This form of due process is defined as the constitutional
requirement that laws used in accusing and convicting persons of crimes must be
fair.
|
a. |
Legislative due process |
|
b. |
Procedural due process |
|
c. |
Relative due process |
|
d. |
Substantive due process |
ANS: D
REF: p.
89
OBJ: LO 8
TRUE/FALSE
1. The
U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land and as such, it is the basis
of all law in the United States.
ANS:
T
REF: p.
63
OBJ: LO 1
2. A
state statute applies only within that state’s borders.
ANS:
T
REF: p.
63
OBJ: LO 1
3. Criminal
law has one primary function: to express public morality.
ANS:
F
REF: p. 66
OBJ: LO 2
4. Society’s
views on morality, which are reflected as laws, are stable and unchanging over
time.
ANS:
F
REF: p.
67
OBJ: LO 2
5. Proceedings
in civil court are normally initiated by the plaintiff.
ANS:
T
REF: p.
69
OBJ: LO 3
6. Most
criminal cases involve a request for monetary damages in recognition that a
wrong has been committed.
ANS:
F
REF: p.
69
OBJ: LO 3
7. Murder
is a mala in se offense.
ANS:
T
REF: p.
72
OBJ: LO 4
8. Actus
reus refers to guilty intent as an element of a crime.
ANS:
F
REF: p.
73
OBJ: LO 5
9. An
inchoate offense is an attempted or incomplete offense.
ANS:
T
REF: p.
79
OBJ: LO 5
10.
Defendants who are found “guilty but mentally ill” do not serve
criminal sentences.
ANS:
F
REF: p.
82
OBJ: LO 6
11.
Involuntary intoxication is a valid criminal defense.
ANS:
T
REF: p. 82-83
OBJ: LO 6
12.
Duress, self-defense, entrapment, and necessity are examples of
excuse defenses.
ANS: F
REF: p. 85-86
OBJ: LO 7
13.
Entrapment is a justification defense in which the offender
claims that he or she was induced to commit the crime by a public official.
ANS:
T
REF: p.
86
OBJ: LO 7
14.
Procedural criminal law defines the acts that the government
will punish.
ANS:
F
REF: p.
86
OBJ: LO 8
15.
Due process is addressed in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments
to the Constitution.
ANS:
T
REF: p.
87
OBJ: LO 8
COMPLETION
1. A
statutory text created by the American Law Institute that sets forth general
principles of criminal responsibility and defines specific offenses is the__________________________.
ANS: Model Penal Code
REF:
p. 64 OBJ:
LO 1
2. The
burden of proof in the American criminal court system is ___________________.
ANS: Beyond a reasonable
doubt
REF: p. 70
OBJ: LO 3
3. An
offense motivated by bias is a ___________________.
ANS: Hate
Crime
REF:
p. 79 OBJ:
LO 5
4. Ordinarily
ignorance of the law, or _______________________, is not a valid criminal
defense.
ANS: Mistake of
law
REF: p. 83
OBJ: LO 6
5. The
____________ and __________ Amendments require that no one can be deprived of
life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
ANS: Fifth and Fourteenth
REF:
p. 87
OBJ:
LO 8
ESSAY
1. Identify
and discuss the four written sources of American criminal law.
ANS:
|
o |
The U.S. Constitution and the
constitution of the various states is Constitutional Law. The U.S.
Constitution is the supreme law of the land: state constitutions are supreme
within state borders to the extent that they do not violate the U. S.
Constitution or a federal law. |
|
o |
Statutes, or laws, passed by Congress
and by state legislatures, plus local ordinances; statutory law is laws or
ordinances created by federal, state, and local legislatures and governing
bodies; none of these laws can violate the U.S. Constitution or the relevant
state constitution; uniform laws, when adopted by a state legislature, become
statutory law in that state. |
|
o |
Regulations created by regulatory
agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration comprise administrative
Law. This includes the rules, orders, and decisions of federal or state
government administrative agencies; federal administrative agencies are
created by enabling legislation enacted by U.S. Congress. Agency functions
include rulemaking, investigation and enforcement, and adjudication. |
|
o |
Case law (court decisions) and common
law doctrines are judge-made laws, including interpretations of
constitutional provisions, of statutes enacted by legislatures, and of
regulations created by administrative agencies. |
REF: p.
63-66 OBJ: LO 1
2. Explain
the difference between crimes that are mala
in se and crimes that are mala prohibita.
ANS:
|
o |
Mala in se is considered wrong even if there is no law prohibiting
it; this type of crime is said to go against “natural laws,” and includes
acts of murder, rape, and theft. |
|
o |
Mala prohibita, refers to acts that are considered crimes only because
they have been codified as such through statute – “human-made laws;”
definitions of these crimes vary among societies. |
REF: p.
72-73 OBJ: LO 4
3. Explain
how the doctrine of strict liability applies to criminal law.
ANS:
|
o |
In certain cases, the law holds the
defendant to be guilty even if criminal intent to commit the offense is
lacking; this is called “strict liability.” |
|
o |
While strict liability is inconsistent
with the concept of mens
rea, it is designed to protect the public by eliminating the possibility
that the offender may try to absolve him or herself of criminal culpability. |
|
o |
Most strict liability offenses involve
endangering the public welfare in some way. |
REF: p.
76
OBJ: LO 5
4. Discuss
the justification defenses of duress, self-defense, necessity, and entrapment.
Describe a situation in which each defense may be used.
ANS:
|
o |
Justification defenses are based on a
defendant admitting that he or she committed the particular criminal act, but
asserting that, under the circumstances, the criminal act was justified. |
|
o |
With a defense of duress, the defendant
must prove that he or she performed the criminal act under the use or threat
of use of unlawful force against his or her person that a reasonable person
would have been unable to resist; for example, a mother assists her boyfriend
in committing a burglary after he threatens to kill her children if she
refuses to do so. |
|
o |
Self-defense claims that the defendant
acted in a manner to defend himself or herself, others, or property, or to
prevent a commission of a crime; for example, a husband awakens to find his
wife standing over him, pointing a shotgun at his chest, and in the ensuing
struggle, the firearm goes off, killing the wife. |
|
o |
The defense of necessity states that
the criminal act the defendant committed was necessary in order to avoid a
harm to himself or herself or to another that was greater than the harm
caused by the act before; for example, four people physically remove a friend
from her residence on the property of a religious cult, arguing that the
crime of kidnapping was justified in order to remove the victim form the
damaging influence of cult leaders. |
|
o |
The entrapment defense states that the
defendant was encouraged by agents of the state to engage in a criminal act
she or he would not have engaged in otherwise; for example, the owner of a
boat marina agrees to allow three federal drug enforcement agents, posing as
drug dealers, to use his dock to unload shipments of marijuana from Columbia. |
REF: p.
84-86 OBJ: LO 7
5. Explain
the importance of the due process clause in the criminal justice system.
ANS:
|
o |
The due process clause is contained in
the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. |
|||
|
o |
The due process clause requires that
the government not act unfairly or arbitrarily, but rather must stay within
the boundaries of reason and law. |
|||
|
o |
There are two types of due process are
procedural due process and substantive due process. |
|||
REF: p. 87
OBJ: LO 8
Chapter 5—Challenges to Effective Policing
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which
of the following is NOT one
of the basic requirements for becoming a police officer?
|
a. |
Being a U.S. citizen |
|
b. |
Having no felony convictions |
|
c. |
Minimum height requirements |
|
d. |
Possession of or eligibility to obtain
a driver’s license in the state where the police department is located |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
123
OBJ: LO 1
2. Today,
____ percent of all local police departments require a degree from a two-year
college.
|
a. |
18 |
|
b. |
12 |
|
c. |
9 |
|
d. |
4 |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
124
OBJ: LO 1
3. The
segment of a police recruit’s training that takes place on the beat is referred
to in the text as:
|
a. |
A practicum |
|
b. |
An internship |
|
c. |
Probation |
|
d. |
Field training |
ANS:
D
REF: p.
125
OBJ: LO 1
4. Generally
speaking, the minimum age to become a police officer is ____:
|
a. |
18 |
|
b. |
20 |
|
c. |
21 |
|
d. |
25 |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
123
OBJ: LO 1
5. Minority
representation in American police departments has increased to roughly ____:
|
a. |
10% |
|
b. |
16% |
|
c. |
24% |
|
d. |
53% |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
125
OBJ: LO 2
6. Many
police departments recognize that the benefit of a diverse police department
is:
|
a. |
A decline in criminal offending |
|
b. |
Improved community relations |
|
c. |
Improved response rates |
|
d. |
Increased clearance rates |
ANS: B
REF:
126
OBJ: LO 2
7. Often,
the ____ serves to legally discriminate against female applicants for police
officer positions.
|
a. |
Visual acuity test |
|
b. |
Physical fitness test |
|
c. |
Height standard |
|
d. |
Body mass index standard |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
126
OBJ: LO 2
8. What
is the ultimate goal of a bureaucratic organization, such as a police
department?
|
a. |
Administration development |
|
b. |
Efficiency |
|
c. |
Low employee turnover |
|
d. |
Work satisfaction for the employee |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
127
OBJ: LO 3
9. As
many as ____ of sworn officers, or those officers authorized to make arrests
and use force, in some large police departments are patrol officers.
|
a. |
1/4 |
|
b. |
1/3 |
|
c. |
1/2 |
|
d. |
2/3 |
ANS:
D
REF: p.
129
OBJ: LO 3
10.
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of police patrol
listed in the text?
|
a. |
Deterrence of crime |
|
b. |
Maintenance of public order |
|
c. |
Improvement of public attitudes towards
the police |
|
d. |
Provision of services that are not
crime related |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
130
OBJ: LO 3
11.
Which patrol function focuses on maintaining a presence in the community,
either in a car or on foot, which allows attempts at preventing crime from
occurring?
|
a. |
Administrative duties |
|
b. |
Calls for service |
|
c. |
Officer-initiated activities |
|
d. |
Preventive patrol |
ANS:
D
REF: p. 131
OBJ: LO 3
12.
The majority of a patrol officer’s time is spent on:
|
a. |
Preventive patrol |
|
b. |
Calls for service |
|
c. |
Administrative duties |
|
d. |
Officer-initiated activities |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
131
OBJ: LO 3
13.
Paperwork takes up to ____ of a patrol officer’s time.
|
a. |
20% |
|
b. |
40% |
|
c. |
60% |
|
d. |
80% |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
131
OBJ: LO 3
14.
After a crime has been committed and the patrol officer has
gathered preliminary information from a crime scene, the responsibility of
identifying the offender is delegated to the:
|
a. |
Detective |
|
b. |
Internal affairs unit |
|
c. |
Patrol officer |
|
d. |
Police chief |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
131
OBJ: LO 3
15.
The most common way for someone to become a detective is to
___________________.
|
a. |
Attend graduate school in criminal
justice |
|
b. |
Attend specialized training in the
field |
|
c. |
Earn an undergraduate college degree |
|
d. |
Be promoted from patrol officer |
ANS:
D
REF: p.
131
OBJ: LO 3
16.
After a crime has been committed and the patrol officer has
gathered preliminary information from a crime scene, the responsibility of
identifying the offender is delegated to the:
|
a. |
Detective |
|
b. |
International affairs unit |
|
c. |
Patrol officer |
|
d. |
Police chief |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
131
OBJ: LO 3
17.
What is the second main function of police, along with patrol?
|
a. |
Administration |
|
b. |
Bureaucratic organization |
|
c. |
Internal Affairs |
|
d. |
Investigation |
ANS:
D
REF: p.
131
OBJ: LO 3
18.
Aggressive investigation strategies include:
|
a. |
Crackdowns |
|
b. |
Undercover operations |
|
c. |
Roadblocks |
|
d. |
Increased patrol of hot spots |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
132
OBJ: LO 4
19.
A person who is involved in criminal activity and provides
information about that activity and those who engage in it to the police is
a(n):
|
a. |
Confidential informant |
|
b. |
Undercover police officer |
|
c. |
Witness |
|
d. |
Vice detective |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
132
OBJ: LO 4
20.
The term “clearance rate” refers to:
|
a. |
The percentage of reported crimes |
|
b. |
The percentage of crimes that result in
arrest and prosecution |
|
c. |
The percentage of crimes that result in
a criminal conviction |
|
d. |
The percentage of stolen goods that are
returned to victims of crime |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
133
OBJ: LO 4
21.
Criminal investigations that are not cleared after a certain
amount of time are referred to as __________.
|
a. |
Closed cases |
|
b. |
Cold cases |
|
c. |
Unsolved cases |
|
d. |
Unfounded cases |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
133
OBJ: LO 4
22.
DNA is ____ in each cell of a person’s body, and provides a
“genetic blueprint” or “code” for that person.
|
a. |
Different |
|
b. |
The opposite |
|
c. |
The same |
|
d. |
Similar |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
135
OBJ: LO 4
23.
The establishment of a connection between a suspect and a crime,
often through the use of DNA evidence, in the absence of an ongoing
investigation is a(n):
|
a. |
Proactive solve |
|
b. |
Clearance rate |
|
c. |
Random hit |
|
d. |
Cold hit |
ANS:
D
REF: p. 136
OBJ: LO 4
24.
A database containing the DNA of more than 4.5 million people
is:
|
a. |
CODIS |
|
b. |
AFIS |
|
c. |
IBIS |
|
d. |
NCVS |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
136
OBJ: LO 4
25.
For more than a century the most important piece of trace
evidence has been ____________.
|
a. |
DNA |
|
b. |
The human fingerprint |
|
c. |
Human hair |
|
d. |
Blood evidence |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
133
OBJ: LO 4
26.
A reactive approach to policing that emphasizes a speedy
response to calls for service is:
|
a. |
Community policing |
|
b. |
Directed policing |
|
c. |
Problem-oriented policing |
|
d. |
Incident-driven policing |
ANS:
D
REF: p.
137
OBJ: LO 5
27.
Time elapsed between the instant a call for service is received
and the instant a police officer arrives on the scene, otherwise referred to as
____, has become a benchmark for police efficiency.
|
a. |
Differential response |
|
b. |
Directed patrol |
|
c. |
Incident-driven policing |
|
d. |
Response time |
ANS: D
REF: p.
137
OBJ: LO 5
28.
In which type of patrol do officers make the rounds of a
specific area with the purpose of carrying out the various patrol functions?
|
a. |
Directed |
|
b. |
Incident-driven |
|
c. |
General |
|
d. |
Scattered |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
138
OBJ: LO 5
29.
The Kansas City Experiment showed that decreasing preventive
patrol:
|
a. |
Had little or no impact on crime |
|
b. |
Decreased crime |
|
c. |
Increased crime |
|
d. |
Increased the number of reported
offenses |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
138
OBJ: LO 5
30.
An area that is concentrated with high criminal activity to
which there is a directed police response is a:
|
a. |
Ghetto |
|
b. |
Heavy spot |
|
c. |
Hot spot |
|
d. |
Slum |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
139
OBJ: LO 5
31.
What type of technology is utilized by police departments to
locate and identify hot spots?
|
a. |
Arrest rates |
|
b. |
Crime mapping |
|
c. |
Preventive patrol |
|
d. |
Rapid response |
ANS: B
REF: p.
139
OBJ: LO 5
32.
The “broken windows theory” is based on the theory that by
cracking down on ____ crimes, police can significantly reduce all crime in an
area.
|
a. |
Felony |
|
b. |
Property |
|
c. |
Quality-of-life |
|
d. |
Violent |
ANS:
C
REF: p.
140
OBJ: LO 5
33.
The directed patrol of hot spots is associated with
______________________.
|
a. |
Reactive arrests |
|
b. |
Proactive arrests |
|
c. |
Directed arrests |
|
d. |
Responsive arrests |
ANS:
B
REF: p.
139
OBJ: LO 5
34.
A policing philosophy that moves beyond responding to incidents
and attempts to solve the root causes of criminal behavior is
___________________________.
|
a. |
Problem-oriented policing |
|
b. |
Community policing |
|
c. |
Incident-driving policing |
|
d. |
Proactive policing |
ANS:
A
REF: p.
141
OBJ: LO 5
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