Criminal Justice in America 8th Edition by George F. Cole – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Chapter_03_Criminal_Justice_and_the_Rule_of_Law     True / False

 

1. In the United States, criminal laws dictate punishments for those who violate the terms of a contract with another individual.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

2. In Robinson v. California (1962), the Supreme Court struck down a law that made it a crime to be addicted to drugs.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

3. To be a crime, an act must cause harm to some legally protected value.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

4. If a person did not have mens rea, then he or she cannot be found guilty, with the exception of strict liability offenses.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

5. All societies and cultures base their criminal law on the same principles.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

6. Felonies are punishable by more than one year in prison.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

7. Entrapment is one of the seven principles of substantive criminal law.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

8. Entrapment cannot be used as a defense in a criminal trial.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

9. The insanity defense is used in most cases in the American criminal justice system.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

10. An intoxicated individual cannot be found guilty of committing a crime.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

11. Ignorance of the law can be used as a defense in a criminal trial.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

12. Procedural due process requires that accused persons must be tried in accordance with legal procedures.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

13. Public opinion surveys have indicated that Americans would like courts to focus more on protection of rights than guaranteeing offenders are punished.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

14. According to the Fifth Amendment’s double jeopardy clause, a defendant may be subject to a maximum of two prosecutions for a single offense within the same jurisdiction.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

15. The Supreme Court of the United States may favor guilty people by ordering new trials.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

16. The Bill of Rights has always protected individuals’ rights at the state level.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

17. The due process and equal protection clauses are found in the Fourteenth Amendment.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

18. The Amendments to the Constitution have been passed down to the states through the process of information.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

19. The Bill of Rights has been completely incorporated and applied to the states.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

20. It is unconstitutional to use a police dog to search for illegal drugs.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

21. Self-incrimination occurs when an offender provides information about his or her guilt in a criminal offense.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

22. Under the Fifth Amendment, states are required to use grand juries in the criminal justice process.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

23. Double jeopardy does not apply when offenders commit offenses that can be considered violations of both state and federal law.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

24. Even though the Constitution guarantees the right to a public trial, courts may place limits on how many members of the public may view each trial.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

25. In jury trials, the composition of the jury must match the characteristics of the offender with regard to race, age, and socioeconomic status.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

26. The current Supreme Court sees itself as the champion of the rights of the criminal defendant.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

27. Most of the justices on the current Supreme Court are women.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

28. The contemporary Supreme Court tends to favor law enforcement over the rights of the criminal defendant.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

29. For a crime to have been committed, there must be a causal relationship between an act and the harm suffered.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

30. Actus rea means that for a crime to occur there must be an act of either commission or omission by the accused.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

31. Offensive and harmful behaviors are almost always illegal.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

32. The duress defense is used when people break the law in order to save themselves or prevent some greater harm.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

Multiple Choice

 

33. If victims wish to recoup their losses following a crime, they must rely on:   a. substantive criminal law.   b. procedural criminal law.   c. real estate law.   d. civil law.   e. cooperative law.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

34. The accountability of an individual for a crime because of their characteristics and the circumstances of the illegal act is called:   a. legal responsibility.   b. civil law.   c. cooperative law.   d. procedural responsibility.   e. real estate law.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

35. The definitions of crimes and people eligible for punishment are spelled out in:   a. procedural criminal law.   b. substantive criminal law.   c. constitutional criminal law.   d. fundamental criminal law.   e. administrative criminal law.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

36. Procedures criminal justice professionals must follow in enforcement, adjudication, and corrections are:   a. procedural criminal law.   b. substantive criminal law.   c. constitutional criminal law.   d. civil law.   e. tort law.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

37. Crimes usually considered and punished by more than a year in state or federal prison are called:   a. felonies.   b. misdemeanors.   c. civil infractions.   d. criminal elements.   e. infractions.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

38. Crimes that are usually punished by a sentence of less than a year in jail, probation, and or/fines are called:   a. felonies.   b. misdemeanors.   c. civil infractions.   d. criminal elements.   e. maxi-maxi felonies.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

39. Minor offenses that are typically punishable by small fines and that produce no criminal record for the offender are called:   a. felonies.   b. misdemeanors.   c. civil infractions.   d. criminal elements.   e. civil elements.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

40. Which of the following indicates that for a crime to occur there must be an act of commission or omission by the accused?   a. mens rea   b. inchoate offense   c. defamation   d. actus reus   e. concurrence   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

41. A guilty or blameworthy state of mind describes the element of:   a. mens rea.   b. inchoate offense.   c. defamation.   d. actus reus.   e. causation.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

42. The elements of a crime consist of:   a. actus reus, inchoate offense, and concurrence.   b. mens rea, actus rea, and punishment.   c. attendant circumstances, mens rea, and actus reus.   d. actus reus, causation, and inchoate offense.   e. mens rea, inchoate offense, and legality.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

43. Which of the following terms is used to distinguish murder from manslaughter?   a. degree of harm   b. malice aforethought   c. criminal negligence   d. personal responsibility   e. actus reus   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

44. Which type of defense involves an individual’s action, which is socially acceptable under the circumstances despite causing harm?   a. excuse defense   b. justification defense   c. procedural defense   d. civil defense   e. necessity defense   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

45. Entrapment occurs when:   a. the accused claims mental illness.   b. the accused acts in self-defense.   c. the accused must commit the act to survive.   d. the accused is lured into crime by the police.   e. the accused is intoxicated.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

46. Lack of intent can be demonstrated by proving the occurrence of which of the following?   a. actus reus   b. mens rea   c. entrapment   d. insanity   e. duress   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

47. What distinguishes the defense of self-defense from the defense of necessity?   a. Necessity occurs when an individual must harm an aggressor to ward off an attack. For self-defense, this is not the case.   b. Necessity occurs when an offender has an incompetent attorney. For self-defense, this is not the case.   c. Necessity occurs when an offender is tricked into committing a crime. For self-defense, this is not the case.   d. Necessity occurs when offenders must break the law in order to save themselves or prevent some greater harm. For self-defense, this is not the case.   e. Necessity and self-defense are the same thing.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

48. In 2005, some survivors of Hurricane Katrina illegally entered closed grocery stores to take food. These survivors may argue they are not guilty using the defense of:   a. entrapment.   b. self-defense.   c. mistake of fact.   d. immaturity.   e. necessity.   ANSWER:   e REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

49. Coercion to commit a crime from another party would be considered what type of defense?   a. entrapment   b. self-defense   c. mistake of fact   d. duress   e. necessity   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

50. Which of the following statements about the insanity defense is TRUE?   a. A large number of criminals escape punishment using the insanity defense.   b. Every state in the United States has an option for defendants to claim insanity.   c. The insanity defense is rarely used by defendants.   d. The American criminal system has banned the use of the insanity defense.   e. Defendants who claim insanity must be incarcerated in prisons rather than mental hospitals.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

51. The idea that an accused cannot be criminally responsible if the crime was the result of mental disease or mental defect is known as the:   a. Durham rule.   b. M’Naghten rule.   c. substantial capacity test.   d. irresistible impulse test.   e. model penal code.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

52. The main purpose of the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 was:   a. to strengthen laws regarding violence against women.   b. to allow police departments to hire more officers.   c. to limit the insanity defense to those with severe mental disease or defect.   d. to punish federal offenders who cross state lines.   e. to allow a maximum incarceration length of 50 years for homicide.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

53. How is procedural criminal law defined?   a. by prosecutors, through the filing of charges   b. by courts, through judicial rulings   c. by citizens, through ballot proposals   d. by lobbyists, through political polling   e. by police officers, through discretion   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

54. The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution are also known as:   a. the Bill of Rights.   b. the preamble.   c. the procedural compendium.   d. the declaration of independence.   e. the Dredd Scott decision.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

55. A person cannot be forced to respond to questions in which the answers may reveal that they may have committed a crime. This is called:   a. double jeopardy.   b. self-incrimination.   c. fundamental fairness.   d. incorporation.   e. jurisprudence.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

56. The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees that defendants have the right to a public and speedy trial, as well as to:   a. protection from unreasonable search and seizure.   b. freedom of speech.   c. reasonable bail.   d. assistance of counsel.   e. the right to bear arms.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

57. According to this protection, an individual can only be subjected to one prosecution or punishment for a single offense in the same jurisdiction.   a. double jeopardy   b. self-incrimination   c. fundamental fairness   d. incorporation   e. jurisprudence   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

58. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable search and seizure is found in the:   a. First Amendment.   b. Second Amendment.   c. Third Amendment.   d. Fourth Amendment.   e. Fifth Amendment.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

59. In a criminal prosecution, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, an impartial jury, and to confront witnesses, which is protected by which amendment?   a. First Amendment   b. Fourth Amendment   c. Fifth Amendment   d. Sixth Amendment   e. Eighth Amendment   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

60. Which of the following landmark U.S. Supreme Court cases required courts to provide attorneys for poor defendants facing the death penalty?   a. Robinson v. California (1962)   b. The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens (1884)   c. Barron v. Baltimore (1833)   d. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)   e. Powell v. Alabama (1932)   ANSWER:   e REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

61. The Fourteenth Amendment does the following:   a. protects citizens from unreasonable search and seizure   b. protects citizens from unreasonable use of force by police   c. spreads power between the executive and legislative branches   d. requires states to observe federal due process standards   e. provides counsel for indigent defendants   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

62. This U.S. Supreme Court case originally ruled that the protections of the Bill of Rights apply only to the actions of the federal government.   a. Robinson v. California (1962)   b. The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens (1884)   c. Barron v. Baltimore (1833)   d. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)   e. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

63. What is the legal doctrine supporting the idea that so long as a state’s conduct maintains basic standards of fairness, the Constitution has not been violated?   a. fundamental fairness   b. the incorporation doctrine   c. doctrine of fairness   d. original intent   e. evil intent   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

64. The extension of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to make binding on state governments the rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights is called:   a. fundamental fairness.   b. the incorporation doctrine.   c. actus reus.   d. doctrine of fairness.   e. evil intent.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

65. Which of the following statements regarding searches, seizures, and stops is TRUE?   a. Searches, seizures, and stops are the same thing.   b. Officers must have proper justification for a search, but not a seizure or stop.   c. Seizures involve taking someone or something into custody, but stops do not.   d. Search and seizure protections apply to offenders, but not law-abiding citizens.   e. Police officers do not have to be knowledgeable about search and seizure laws, but must be cognizant of Constitutional restrictions placed on stops.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

66. Grand juries are used to:   a. determine whether an offender should be prosecuted.   b. determine whether an offender is guilty or innocent.   c. determine whether an offender should be arrested.   d. determine whether an offender should be incarcerated.   e. determine whether a judge’s decision should be recalled.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

67. The right to counsel in felony cases was applied to the states in the landmark case of:   a. Mapp v. Ohio (1961).   b. Weeks v. United States (1914).   c. Barron v. Baltimore (1833).   d. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963).   e. Furman v. Georgia (1972).   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

68. Bail is employed for which of the following purposes?   a. to pay fines after being convicted   b. to assure an offender appears for trial   c. to cover legal costs   d. to compensate the system for the cost of incarceration   e. to allow the wealthy an escape from jail   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

69. Which of the following statements about the death penalty is TRUE?   a. The Supreme Court has decided the death penalty is cruel and unusual.   b. The death penalty can be imposed in petty cases, such as those involving theft, provided there are aggravating circumstances.   c. The death penalty is covered in the Fourth Amendment.   d. The Court has agreed with public sentiment about the death penalty.   e. The death penalty is constitutional.   ANSWER:   e REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

70. Which of the following became Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court in 2005?   a. Roberts   b. Marshall   c. Burger   d. Warren   e. Taft   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

71. Which of the following U.S. Supreme Court justices was added to the bench in 2009?   a. Roberts   b. Alito   c. Kennedy   d. Sotomayor   e. Ginsburg   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

72. The contemporary Supreme Court endorses the actions of law enforcement and:   a. perpetrators.   b. prosecutors.   c. judges.   d. corrections.   e. defense attorneys.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

73. The ideological makeup of the contemporary Supreme Court tends to be:   a. liberal.   b. conservative.   c. moderate.   d. socialist.   e. libertarian.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

74. The contemporary Supreme Court tends to:   a. favor the rights of the criminal defendant over law enforcement.   b. favor law enforcement over the rights of the criminal defendant.   c. favor protections of the individual over the needs of government.   d. favor defendant rights over the rights of the victim.   e. show no favoritism to any one view.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

75. Which of the following statements about the justices on the current Supreme Court is TRUE?   a. Nearly half of the justices are above 70 years of age.   b. Most of the justices are new to the bench.   c. Most of the justices are quite young.   d. There are no women on the current Supreme Court.   e. There are no African Americans on the current Supreme Court.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

76. The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft is the definition of:   a. assault.   b. burglary.   c. robbery.   d. theft.   e. larceny.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

77. The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force of violence and/or by putting the victim in fear is the definition of:   a. assault.   b. burglary.   c. robbery.   d. theft.   e. larceny.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

78. The causal relationship between an act and the harm suffered is referred to as:   a. actus rea.   b. causation.   c. harm.   d. legality.   e. concurrence.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

79. Concurrence refers to:   a. the causal relationship between an act and the harm suffered.   b. the intent and the act both being present at the same time.   c. the harm caused to some legally protected value.   d. an act of either commission or omission by the accused.   e. the law that defines the specific action as a crime.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

80. The case deciding that the protections of the Bill of Rights apply only to actions of the federal government was:   a. Powell v. Alabama (1932).   b. Haley v. Munro (1941).   c. Marbury v. Madison (1803).   d. Barron v. Baltimore (1833).   e. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963).   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

81. The case deciding that an attorney must be provided to a poor defendant facing the death penalty was:   a. Powell v. Alabama (1932).   b. Haley v. Munro (1941).   c. Marbury v. Madison (1803).   d. Barron v. Baltimore (1833).   e. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963).   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

82. The cruel and unusual test proposed by Justice Warren maintained that punishments may be declared unconstitutional if the punishment:   a. is disproportionate to the offense.   b. is comparable to a form of torture.   c. offends the values of contemporary society.   d. inflicts physical or psychological pain.   e. all of the above.   ANSWER:   e REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

83. Accidents are the clearest examples of which legal principle?​   a. actus rea   b. presumptive guilt   c. mens rea   d. presumptive innocence   e. limited liability crimes   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

84. The _______ defense is used when people break the law in order to save themselves or prevent some greater harm.   a. duress   b. self-defense   c. necessity   d. infancy   e. mistake of fact   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

85. Which of the following defenses is NOT an excuse defense?   a. insanity   b. entrapment   c. necessity   d. infancy   e. mistake of fact   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

​Mary has just been arrested for possession of marijuana.  During the arrest, Bill entered Mary’s apartment and tried to intervene on Mary’s behalf, but the effort became an altercation and he, too, was arrested.  The scuffle Bill had with the police resulted in Mary being hurt.

 

86. To get a court to order Bill to cover her medical bills, Mary would be using which type of law?   a. substantive criminal law   b. procedural criminal law   c. real estate law   d. civil law   e. cooperative law   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   Bloom’s: Remember LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

87. Mary possessed marijuana grown in Mexico, and she was found with more marijuana than she would probably use.  She will likely be charged with a:   a. felony.   b. misdemeanor.   c. civil infraction.   d. criminal element.   e. transnational crime.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

88. Bill was charged with interfering with a police officer, assault on a police officer, and possession of a gun while on probation.  Bill will likely be charged with what type of crime?   a. felony   b. misdemeanor   c. civil infraction   d. criminal element   e. an organized criminaloffense   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

Completion

 

89. Criminal law is divided into ____________________ and ____________________ law. ANSWER:   substantive, procedural procedural, substantive REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

90. ____________________law governs business deals, contracts, and other interpersonal agreements between individuals in society. ANSWER:   Civil REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

91. ______________ are those crimes that can lead to incarceration for a year or more in state or federal prison. ANSWER:   Felonies REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.05.01 – Describe the everyday actions of police. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

92. When the harm the law seeks to prevent has not been done, but planned or attempted, this is called an ____________________offense. ANSWER:   inchoate REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

93. ____________________law defines an offense against society. ANSWER:   Criminal REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

94. The act, the attendant circumstances, and the intent are the _______ to the crime. ANSWER:   elements REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

95. A criminal act of commission (or omission) is referred to as ____________________. ANSWER:   actus rea (actus reus) actus reus (actus rea) actus rea actus reus REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

96. ____________________refers to a guilty state of mind. ANSWER:   Mens rea REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

97. For an act to be considered a crime, the intent and act must be present at the same time, which is known as _____________. ANSWER:   concurrence REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

98. Someone who was lured into committing a crime by the government can use the defense of ____________________. ANSWER:   entrapment REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

99. A person who feels that he or she is in immediate danger of being harmed by another person may ward off the attack in ___________. ANSWER:   self-defense REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

100. A person who was forced to commit a crime is under ____________________. ANSWER:   duress REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

101. The “right-from-wrong” test is part of the ____________________rule. ANSWER:   M’Naghten REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

102. The first 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791 are called the ____________________. ANSWER:   Bill of Rights REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

103. When the accused “pleads the fifth,” they are invoking their right against ____________________. ANSWER:   self-incrimination REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

104. The protection against _______ _______ means that a person may be subjected to only one prosecution or punishment for a single offense within the same jurisdiction. ANSWER:   double jeopardy REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

105. The _______ ________ guarantees the right of the people to be secure in their person, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures. ANSWER:   Fourth Amendment 4th Amendment REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

106. The process of ____________________extended portions of the Bill of Rights to the states. ANSWER:   incorporation REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

107. The ________ _________ protects against excessive fines as well as cruel and unusual punishment. ANSWER:   Eighth Amendment 8th Amendment REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

108. Under the doctrine of ____________________ fairness, as long as a state’s conduct is fair, it has not violated the Constitution. ANSWER:   fundamental REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

109. The purpose of ________ is to allow for the release of the accused while he or she is awaiting trial. ANSWER:   bail REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

110. A ____________ is a body of citizens drawn from the community to hear evidence from the prosecutor in order to determine whether there is sufficient basis to move forward with a trial. ANSWER:   grand jury REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

111. The case of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) confirmed that indigent defendants had the right to ____________________. ANSWER:   counsel REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

112. Torture is not allowed as a punishment in the United States, as it has been deemed ___________________________ by the Supreme Court. ANSWER:   cruel and unusual REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

113. The court case of ______ __ ______, which involved a former soldier who was deprived of U.S. citizenship for deserting his post during World War II, established the standard for interpreting when a punishment is deemed cruel and unusual. ANSWER:   Trop v. Dulles REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

114. The ideological makeup of the current Supreme Court tends to be more ______ than liberal. ANSWER:   conservative REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

115. When a vacancy occurs on the Supreme Court, the ______ nominates the replacement. ANSWER:   president REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

116. ______ means that there must be a law that defines the specific action as a crime. ANSWER:   Legality REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

117. The Supreme Court case _________ decided that indigent defendants have a right to counsel when charged with serious crimes for which they could face six or more months of incarceration. ANSWER:   Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

118. The first 10 amendments added to the U.S. Constitution to provide specific rights for individuals, including criminal justice rights concerning searches, trials, and punishments are called _________. ANSWER:   Bill of Rights REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

119. _______ are actions based on self-defense or necessity in which the individual reasonably felt obligated to cause harm, but the actions were those that are recognized and accepted by society as essential to the individual’s self-preservation. ANSWER:   Justifications REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

120. _______ focus on the actor and whether the actor fulfilled the elements required for being held responsible under a criminal statute. ANSWER:   Excuses REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

121. ______   __________ are minor offenses that are usually punishable by a small fine and produce no criminal record. ANSWER:   Civil infractions REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

Subjective Short Answer

 

James Jones has recently been found not guilty of first degree murder of Lisa Smith. The victim’s family has decided to have the case tried as a wrongful death case in a different court. James Jones believes that he is free from additional court activity due to rights guaranteed by the constitution. Several weeks later, Mr. Jones is given notice of his new upcoming court date.

 

122. If James is summoned to a courtroom to stand accused, most likely he will be tried under what type of law? a. criminal law b. civil law c. procedural law d. legal responsibility e.  moral obligation ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Foundations of Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.01 – Identify the bases and sources of American criminal law. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

123. Since James had originally been charged with first degree murder, he would have been thought to have had the thought process available to plan and carry out the murder, which could be defined as ______. a. the insanity defense b. actus reus c. mens rea d. causation e. culpability ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

124. James had determined that he was protected against being tried again for the same crime. What amendment gives him this protection, if any? a. Fifth amendment b. Sixth amendment c. Eighth amendment d. Tenth amendment ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

125. James was assigned an attorney for the duration of his first trial because he was indigent. This particular guarantee is provided by the: a. First Amendment. b. Fifth Amendment. c. Sixth Amendment. d. Eighth Amendment. ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

John Massey has been charged with first degree forcible rape. He is a college-educated Caucasian businessman who is married with three children. Mr. Massey feels certain that a jury of his peers will find him innocent of the charges based upon the specific forensic evidence, which most likely will be presented.

 

126. After the jury has been selected, Mr. Massey becomes irate and feels that his constitutional rights have been violated. The jury consists of 12 men and women, of which only one holds a college degree. Five of its members are Caucasian, three are African American, two are Asian, and two are Hispanic. Eight of the members are female and four are males. Is Mr. Massey correct in believing that this jury is not a jury of his peers? a. Yes, jurors are to be composed of the same attributes as the accused in socioeconomic, marital, and sex. b. Yes, jurors are always required to have a college education. c. No, jurors are to be comprised of a cross section of the community. d. No, jurors are hired and paid by the court system. ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

127. The jury selection process for Mr. Massey is stipulated in what amendment? a. Fourth Amendment b. Fifth Amendment c. Sixth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

128. At the conclusion of Mr. Massey’s trial, he is found guilty and sentenced to life in prison without parole. This would be an example of: a. fair punishment. b. cruel and unusual punishment. c. adequate punishment. d. presumptive punishment. ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

Jason Blue arrived home from work at approximately 5:45 pm. As he approached the front door, he heard his pet Rottweiler, Zeus, barking and growling. As Mr. Blue entered the home, he realized that there was an unarmed man pinned to the ground by Zeus. Mr. Blue quickly retrieved his 40-caliber gun and shot the intruder in the head rendering him dead.

 

129. Mr. Blue will most likely claim the defense of: a. necessity. b. self-defense. c. duress. d. entrapment. ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

130. The defense can claim that Mr. Blue should have responded by: a. shooting the intruder in the leg. b. telling his dog to bite the intruder. c. retreating from the home and contacting law enforcement. d. beating the intruder until law enforcement arrives. ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

131. Mr. Blue may actually be charged with which of the following crimes? a. first-degree murder b. necessity c. self-defense d. crime of passion ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

Essay

 

132. Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law. To illustrate this difference, consider the case of a car accident in which the person who caused the accident has been drinking alcohol. Explain the criminal and civil consequences the offender would experience from this act. ANSWER:   Responses will vary REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

133. List and explain the seven principles of criminal law based upon a recent sensationalized case. Make sure you include each principle in detail. ANSWER:   Responses will vary REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

134. Compare and contrast both self-defense and necessity. Write a scenario for each defense that would justify its use. Determine if society is in support of both defenses. ANSWER:   Responses will vary REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

135. How does the U.S. Supreme Court impact procedural law? List specific court cases that have impacted the justice system as a whole. ANSWER:   Responses will vary REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

136. How were significant portions of the Bill of Rights nationalized using the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment? What was this process called, and under which Court’s leadership were major portions passed down to the states? ANSWER:   Responses will vary REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

137. Define the concept of double jeopardy and provide an example of a crime that could be prosecuted under both federal and state law. Should protection against double jeopardy be extended to those who break both state and federal laws in one offense? ANSWER:   Responses will vary REFERENCES:   Substantive Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.02 – Discuss how substantive criminal law defines a crime and the legal responsibility of the accused. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

138. In your opinion, does the death penalty violate the Eighth Amendment right against cruel and unusual punishment? Discuss the varying perspectives of the Supreme Court on this issue. ANSWER:   Responses will vary REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

139. The current Supreme Court is expected to narrowly define rights for criminal suspects and expand powers of the police. Does this seem to reflect the current views of society? Use what you know about public opinion and trends in the crime rate to speculate on the directions of the Court in the future. ANSWER:   Responses will vary REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

140. With many court cases taking well over a year to go to trial, explain what the nation’s founders meant by the right to a speedy and public trial. Who determines what is “speedy”? ANSWER:   Responses will vary REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

141. Explain the concept of an impartial jury. Can an impartial jury ever exist? Would the concept of a professional jury infringe upon this Sixth Amendment guarantee? ANSWER:   Responses will vary REFERENCES:   Procedural Criminal Law LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.03 – Describe how procedural criminal law defines the rights of the accused and the processes for dealing with a case. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

142. Explain how the Supreme Court’s ideological makeup may change over time.  What circumstances must be present?  Explain.  Do vacancies automatically translate into changes in the Court’s dominant ideology? ANSWER:   Responses will vary REFERENCES:   Constitutional Rights and Criminal Justice Professionals LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.03.04 – Explain the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in interpreting the criminal justice amendments to the Constitution. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

Chapter_05_Policing_Contemporary_Issues_and_Challenges     True / False

 

1. Police officers who have the public’s confidence are often more effective at their jobs.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Everyday Action of the Police LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.05.01 – Describe the everyday actions of police. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

2. Police are mainly reactive because they are dependent upon citizen calls for service in performing their duties.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Delivery of Police Services LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.05.04 – Describe the delivery of police services. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

3. ComStat delivers detailed crime statistics for each precinct and helps to develop immediate approaches and goals for problem solving. .   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Delivery of Police Services LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.05.04 – Describe the delivery of police services. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

4. In large departments, detectives make up two-thirds of sworn officers.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Delivery of Police Services LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.05.04 – Describe the delivery of police services. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

5. Preventive patrol involves increased police presence in a community in order to reduce crime.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True REFERENCES:   Patrol Functions LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.05.05 – Name patrol strategies that departments employ. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

 

6. Detectives are more closely supervised than patrol officers.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False REFERENCES:   Delivery of Police Services LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CJIA.COSM.16.05.04 – Describe the delivery of police services. KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember