Criminal Procedure 10th Edition by Samaha – Test Bank

 

To Purchase this Complete Test Bank with Answers Click the link Below

 

https://tbzuiqe.com/product/criminal-procedure-10th-edition-by-samaha-test-bank/

 

If face any problem or Further information contact us At tbzuiqe@gmail.com

 

 

Sample Questions

 

 

1. Rules to tell officers, courts, and the rest of us what’s reasonable are called:​   a. ​hearsay rules.   b. ​direct information rules.   c. ​“bright-line” rules.   d. ​reasonableness rules.   ANSWER:   c POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/3/2017 11:55 PM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

2. ​The U.S. Constitution requires police officers to have an objective basis to back up unwanted interferences with individuals’ rights to liberty and privacy. What objective basis is required for an arrest?   a. ​a hunch   b. ​reasonable suspicion   c. ​probable cause   d. ​No objective basis is required for an arrest.   ANSWER:   c POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Chapter Introduction QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.01 – Understand that Fourth Amendment stops are seizures of persons that allow officers to briefly freeze suspicious people and situations to investigate possible criminal activity. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:06 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

3. ​The first question to ask in a Fourth Amendment case is whether the:   a. ​officer action was a stop and frisk.   b. ​officer action was unreasonable.   c. ​fruit of the police action (that which was obtained) should be excluded.   d. police were investigating a serious crime.​   ANSWER:   a POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:09 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

4. ​Which of the following is considered a type of hearsay information?   a. ​statements by fellow officers   b. ​resisting an officer   c. ​contradictory answers   d. ​hiding   ANSWER:   a POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.07 – Know and appreciate that routine detentions at international borders do not require reasonable suspicion to back up lengthy detentions and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:12 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

5. ​There are two parts to the Fourth Amendment: the reasonableness clause and the:   a. ​warrant clause.   b. ​objective clause.   c. ​subjective clause.   d. ​suspicion clause.   ANSWER:   a POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:14 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

6. ​Arizona v. Johnson (2009) ruled that:   a. ​it’s lawful to frisk a passenger in a lawfully stopped vehicle, even if the passenger wasn’t suspected of committing a crime.   b. ​it’s not lawful to frisk a passenger in a lawfully stopped vehicle, even if the passenger wasn’t suspected of committing a crime.   c. ​highway sobriety checkpoint programs are reasonable stops of citizens, even when there’s no individualized suspicion.   d. ​highway sobriety checkpoint programs are reasonable stops of citizens, only if there’s individualized suspicion.   ANSWER:   a POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.05 – Understand that empirical evidence stands in conflict with the decisions made by the Supreme Court expanding police power to stop and frisk during traffic stops. Appreciate the importance of evidence-based decision making when balancing officer safety against individual Fourth Amendment rights. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:17 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

7. ​The balancing approach to reasonableness:   a. ​requires courts to weigh the degree of intrusion against the government’s need for the intrusion.   b. ​prohibits the police from making intrusions simply to prevent crimes that may happen.   c. ​does not require the court to weigh the degree of intrusion, as long as there is a factual foundation for the intrusion.   d. ​does not require a factual foundation to support stops involving serious crimes.   ANSWER:   a POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:20 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

8. ​In Illinois v. Lidster (2004), SCOTUS held that:   a. ​a DUI checkpoint was constitutional.   b. ​a drug interdiction information checkpoint was constitutional.   c. ​a sexual assault information checkpoint was constitutional.   d. ​a hit-and-run information checkpoint was constitutional.   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.06 – Know and appreciate that law enforcement officers do not need individualized suspicion to stop individuals at roadblocks and checkpoints to serve special public interests. Understand the three prongs of the balancing test SCOTUS uses to determine the reasonableness of these seizures: (1) the gravity of the public interest being served; (2) the effectiveness of the seizure in advancing the public interest; and (3) the degree of intrusion upon individual liberty and privacy. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:23 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

9. ​According to the SCOTUS opinion in Terry v. Ohio (1968), which of the following is permissible in a police stop and frisk of a citizen on a street to investigate a possible robbery?   a. ​In dealing with dangerous situations on city streets, police need an escalating set of flexible responses.   b. ​Police cannot stop citizens without probable cause that crime is afoot.   c. ​In any instance where the police can stop a person, they can also frisk the person.   d. ​Police cannot stop citizens without clear and convincing evidence that crime is afoot.   ANSWER:   a POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:25 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

10. ​According to the SCOTUS opinion in Terry v. Ohio (1968), involving the stop and frisk of a citizen on the street to investigate a robbery:   a. ​a stop is conduct outside the purview of the Fourth Amendment, because the action does not rise to the level of a seizure.   b. ​whenever a police officer accosts an individual and restrains his or her freedom to walk away, he has “seized” that person.   c. ​a stop is not a serious intrusion upon the sanctity of the person and may be taken lightly.   d. ​the personal security and privacy of the individual always outweigh the government’s interests in detecting crime.   ANSWER:   b POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:29 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

11. ​The totality-of-facts-and-circumstances test is also known as the:   a. ​whole picture test.   b. ​objective basis test.   c. ​logical test.   d. ​reasonableness test.   ANSWER:   a POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.07 – Know and appreciate that routine detentions at international borders do not require reasonable suspicion to back up lengthy detentions and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:32 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

12. Which of the following activities cannot be conducted as a matter of routine at an international border stop?   a. ​a dog sniff   b. ​a cavity search   c. ​a pocket check   d. ​a wallet search   ANSWER:   b POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Detentions at International Borders QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.07 – Know and appreciate that routine detentions at international borders do not require reasonable suspicion to back up lengthy detentions and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:35 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

13. According to the SCOTUS opinion in Terry v. Ohio (1968), a stop justified at its beginning can:   a. be justified on mere hunches alone.   b. ​only be done for violent crimes.   c. ​become unjustified by being too extensive in scope.   d. have any scope the stopping officer wants.   ANSWER:   c POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:37 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

14. ​In the 1960s, SCOTUS shifted away from the conventional approach to what new approach?   a. ​the subjective Fourth Amendment approach   b. the objective Fourth Amendment approach   c. the balancing Fourth Amendment approach   d. the reasonableness Fourth Amendment approach   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:45 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

15. ​What case established the nature of a reasonable stop regarding suspected “balloon swallowers”?   a. ​U.S. v. Montoya de Hernandez (1985)   b. ​Terry v. Ohio (1968)   c. ​Arizona v. Johnson (2009)   d. ​Illinois v. Lidster (2004)   ANSWER:   a POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Detentions at International Borders QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.07 – Know and appreciate that routine detentions at international borders do not require reasonable suspicion to back up lengthy detentions and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:48 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

16. ​Which of the following will not support stopping vehicles at a roadblock?   a. ​driver’s license checks   b. ​general checks to see if drivers might be committing any crime   c. ​vehicle safety checks   d. ​agricultural inspection stops   ANSWER:   b POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.06 – Know and appreciate that law enforcement officers do not need individualized suspicion to stop individuals at roadblocks and checkpoints to serve special public interests. Understand the three prongs of the balancing test SCOTUS uses to determine the reasonableness of these seizures: (1) the gravity of the public interest being served; (2) the effectiveness of the seizure in advancing the public interest; and (3) the degree of intrusion upon individual liberty and privacy. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:50 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

17. ​As per Maryland v. Wilson (1997), police officers who have effected a traffic stop can choose to remove _______________ from the stopped vehicle to maximize personal safety.   a. ​drivers   b. ​animals   c. ​passengers   d. ​weapons   ANSWER:   c POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.04 – Know that the Supreme Court views police work, especially during traffic stops, as very dangerous and has created bright-line rules expanding police powers during traffic stops in order to balance the increased need of officer safety against individual Fourth Amendment rights. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:52 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

18. ​In Florida v. J.L. (2000), what did the court decide with regards to an anonymous tip about a man with a gun?   a. ​The informant would have to be identified before the police could act.   b. ​A stop and frisk was justified in the interests of public safety.   c. ​An anonymous tip lacking any indication of reliability does not justify a stop and frisk, even though it did allege the illegal possession of a firearm.   d. ​A stop and frisk would be permissible as long as the police could verify the information.   ANSWER:   c POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:54 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

19. Reasonable suspicion needed to make a stop requires:​   a. ​more than probable cause.   b. ​a preponderance of the evidence.   c. ​only a hunch.   d. ​some minimum level of objective justification.   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 12:57 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

20. Which of the following circumstances has been found sufficient by itself to amount to reasonable suspicion?​   a. ​A driver was double-parked within ten feet of a pedestrian in a drug trafficking area.   b. ​A passenger leaving an airplane appeared nervous in the presence of officers.   c. ​A driver failed to look at a patrol car late at night.   d. ​At 2:15 a.m., a person approached an officer in his police vehicle in a high crime area and told him that a person seated in a nearby car had illegal drugs and a gun at his waist.   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law after Terry v. Ohio QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:00 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

21. If an officer was specifically patting down a suspect for weapons, but came across an item in the person’s pocket that was in a shape consistent with contraband, such as narcotics, would the officer be able to seize the item and arrest the person?​   a. ​No, they can never seize evidence unless they, in fact, know what the item is in advance.   b. ​Yes, but only if the person consents to the removal of the objects.   c. ​No, the officer can only seize the item if it was, in fact, a weapon.   d. ​Yes, the officer can seize the item.   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Frisks and the Fourth Amendment QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:34 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

22. Categorical suspicion:​   a. ​can be sufficient in itself to amount to reasonable suspicion.   b. ​can be sufficient as long as the category in which the suspect falls is not based on race or ethnicity.   c. ​can be one of the factors in the entire picture of reasonable suspicion.   d. ​is sufficient in itself, if officers can establish the stop occurred in a high-crime area.   ANSWER:   c POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:39 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

23. The reasonableness of roadblocks and checkpoints is determined by the following three-prong balancing test: the gravity of the public interest being served by the seizure; the effectiveness of the seizure in advancing the public interest; and:   a. the likelihood of reducing crime as a result of the roadblock or checkpoint.   b. the experience of the officers at the roadblock or checkpoint.   c. the cost of the roadblock or checkpoint.   d. the degree of intrusion upon individual liberty due to the roadblock or checkpoint.   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.06 – Know and appreciate that law enforcement officers do not need individualized suspicion to stop individuals at roadblocks and checkpoints to serve special public interests. Understand the three prongs of the balancing test SCOTUS uses to determine the reasonableness of these seizures: (1) the gravity of the public interest being served; (2) the effectiveness of the seizure in advancing the public interest; and (3) the degree of intrusion upon individual liberty and privacy. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:41 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 12:17 PM

 

24. In City of Indianapolis v. Edmond (2000), the Court held that drug interdiction checkpoints:​   a. ​did not violate the Fourth Amendment, because they were a minor inconvenience.   b. ​did violate the Fourth Amendment, because they were a major inconvenience.   c. ​did not violate the Fourth Amendment, because they were indistinguishable from general crime control interests.   d. ​did violate the Fourth Amendment, because they were indistinguishable from general crime control interests.   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.06 – Know and appreciate that law enforcement officers do not need individualized suspicion to stop individuals at roadblocks and checkpoints to serve special public interests. Understand the three prongs of the balancing test SCOTUS uses to determine the reasonableness of these seizures: (1) the gravity of the public interest being served; (2) the effectiveness of the seizure in advancing the public interest; and (3) the degree of intrusion upon individual liberty and privacy. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:43 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

25. What case provides an excellent example of the violent crime–automatic frisk exception?​   a. ​Adams v. Williams (1972)   b. ​Navarette v. California (2014)   c. ​Illinois v. Wardlow (2000)   d. ​Terry v. Ohio (1968)   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.01 – Understand that Fourth Amendment stops are seizures of persons that allow officers to briefly freeze suspicious people and situations to investigate possible criminal activity. CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:44 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

26. In Maryland v. Wilson (1997), the case in which police removed and detained a passenger from a lawfully stopped vehicle, SCOTUS held that:​   a. ​the officer ordering the passenger out of the car was an unreasonable seizure.   b. ​the practice of ordering all drivers and passengers who were stopped in traffic stops out of their vehicles was reasonable.   c. ​the officer ordering the driver out of the car was too great an intrusion into the driver’s liberty.   d. ​police must have articulable suspicion of danger to order the passenger out of the vehicle.   ANSWER:   b POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.04 – Know that the Supreme Court views police work, especially during traffic stops, as very dangerous and has created bright-line rules expanding police powers during traffic stops in order to balance the increased need of officer safety against individual Fourth Amendment rights. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:46 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

27. According to SCOTUS in U.S. v. Montoya de Hernandez (1985), involving a detention at the border for drug investigation:   a. even routine customs searches at the border require reasonable suspicion.   b. any detention at the border that lasts more than 15 minutes is unreasonable.   c. detention beyond the scope of a routine customs search and inspection is always unreasonable.   d. the Fourth Amendment’s balance of reasonableness is qualitatively different at the international border than in the interior of the country.   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Detentions at International Borders QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.07 – Know and appreciate that routine detentions at international borders do not require reasonable suspicion to back up lengthy detentions and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:48 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 12:17 PM

 

28. ​According to SCOTUS’s opinion in U.S. v. Montoya de Hernandez (1985), involving the detention of a traveler at the border, the standard of evidence necessary to detain a traveler at the border, beyond the scope of a routine custom search and inspection, is:   a. ​probable cause.   b. ​no evidence at all, because the Fourth Amendment does not apply at the border.   c. ​a clear indication of illegal activity.   d. ​reasonable suspicion.   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Detentions at International Borders QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.07 – Know and appreciate that routine detentions at international borders do not require reasonable suspicion to back up lengthy detentions and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:50 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

29. ​According to SCOTUS in Michigan v. Sitz (1990), involving sobriety checkpoints, detaining a car briefly at a sobriety checkpoint:   a. ​is not a stop.   b. ​is a stop, but it is not covered by the Fourth Amendment.   c. ​is a stop to which the Fourth Amendment applies.   d. ​requires probable cause that someone in the car has committed a crime.   ANSWER:   c POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.06 – Know and appreciate that law enforcement officers do not need individualized suspicion to stop individuals at roadblocks and checkpoints to serve special public interests. Understand the three prongs of the balancing test SCOTUS uses to determine the reasonableness of these seizures: (1) the gravity of the public interest being served; (2) the effectiveness of the seizure in advancing the public interest; and (3) the degree of intrusion upon individual liberty and privacy. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:51 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

30. ​According to SCOTUS in Michigan v. Sitz (1990), involving sobriety checkpoints, detaining a car briefly at a sobriety checkpoint requires:   a. reasonable suspicion that the driver is driving under the influence.​   b. ​probable cause that the driver is driving under the influence.   c. ​clear and convincing evidence that the driver is driving under the influence.   d. ​no individualized suspicion, because of the importance of the state’s interest in addressing the drunk driving problem.   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.06 – Know and appreciate that law enforcement officers do not need individualized suspicion to stop individuals at roadblocks and checkpoints to serve special public interests. Understand the three prongs of the balancing test SCOTUS uses to determine the reasonableness of these seizures: (1) the gravity of the public interest being served; (2) the effectiveness of the seizure in advancing the public interest; and (3) the degree of intrusion upon individual liberty and privacy. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:53 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

31. ​The case of Michigan v. Sitz (1990) challenged the constitutionality of:   a. ​the stop and frisk.   b. ​a frisk without a warrant.   c. ​courier profiles.   d. ​DUI roadblocks.   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.06 – Know and appreciate that law enforcement officers do not need individualized suspicion to stop individuals at roadblocks and checkpoints to serve special public interests. Understand the three prongs of the balancing test SCOTUS uses to determine the reasonableness of these seizures: (1) the gravity of the public interest being served; (2) the effectiveness of the seizure in advancing the public interest; and (3) the degree of intrusion upon individual liberty and privacy. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:54 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

32. ​Which of the following is a legitimate purpose for a frisk?   a. ​to protect officers   b. ​to preserve evidence   c. ​to find illegal drugs   d. ​to convince suspects that they should respond to an officer’s questions   ANSWER:   a POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:56 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

33. ​Frisks are:   a. the most invasive type of search.​   b. ​not considered invasions of privacy.   c. ​always allowed following a stop.   d. ​the least invasive type of search.   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Frisks and the Fourth Amendment QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:57 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

34. ​Fourth Amendment stops and frisks are warrantless searches and seizures that must satisfy the two conditions of what test?   a. ​the “bright-line” test   b. ​the balancing test   c. ​the whole picture test   d. ​the reasonableness test   ANSWER:   d POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 2:59 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

35. ​Which of the following circumstances provides the most support for an automatic frisk?   a. possession of marijuana​   b. ​shoplifting   c. ​armed robbery   d. ​vagrancy   ANSWER:   c POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Frisks and the Fourth Amendment QUESTION TYPE:   Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:01 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

36. ​SCOTUS has created bright-line rules that expand police powers during traffic stops, in order to balance the increased need of officer safety against individual Fourth Amendment rights.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.04 – Know that the Supreme Court views police work, especially during traffic stops, as very dangerous and has created bright-line rules expanding police powers during traffic stops in order to balance the increased need of officer safety against individual Fourth Amendment rights. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:12 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

37. ​Routine detentions at international borders don’t require reasonable suspicion to back up lengthy detentions or frisks.   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Detentions at International Borders QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.07 – Know and appreciate that routine detentions at international borders do not require reasonable suspicion to back up lengthy detentions and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:14 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

38. Outer clothing pat-downs do not constitute Fourth Amendment searches.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:16 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

39. Voluntary contacts between citizens and police officers are seizures.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Chapter Introduction QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.01 – Understand that Fourth Amendment stops are seizures of persons that allow officers to briefly freeze suspicious people and situations to investigate possible criminal activity. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:17 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

40. Fourth Amendment stops are not warrantless seizures.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:18 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

41. Information received from anonymous informants is always considered equal in quality to that received from known informants, in providing reasonable suspicion for a stop.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.01 – Understand that Fourth Amendment stops are seizures of persons that allow officers to briefly freeze suspicious people and situations to investigate possible criminal activity. CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:20 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

42. Adams v. Williams (1972) upheld a stop and frisk on informant information that Adams was armed with a handgun in his waistband.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law After Terry v. Ohio QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:21 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

43. Frisks are searches.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:22 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

44. Police officers can automatically frisk all citizens whom they stop.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Frisks and the Fourth Amendment QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:24 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

45. The purpose of a frisk is to protect officers or other people from death or injury.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Chapter Introduction QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.01 – Understand that Fourth Amendment stops are seizures of persons that allow officers to briefly freeze suspicious people and situations to investigate possible criminal activity. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:25 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

46. According to the SCOTUS opinion in Illinois v. Wardlow (2000), a person’s mere presence in a high crime area can supply the objective basis needed for a stop.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:34 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

47. A suspect’s race alone cannot constitute reasonable suspicion for police action.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   True POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:35 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

48. An officer conducting a protective pat-down search can never seize any items other than weapons.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law After Terry v. Ohio QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:36 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

49. SCOTUS has held that fitting a drug-courier profile is itself enough to furnish reasonable suspicion.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:37 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

50. Reasonable suspicion can never be based on hearsay information.​   a. True   b. False   ANSWER:   False POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   True / False HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:39 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

51. In practice, the vast majority of searches and seizures are performed without _______________.​ ANSWER:   warrants​ POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Completion HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.01 – Understand that Fourth Amendment stops are seizures of persons that allow officers to briefly freeze suspicious people and situations to investigate possible criminal activity. CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:41 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

52. A brief detention that enables law enforcement officers to freeze a situation for the purpose of investigating suspicious persons is a(n) _______________.​ ANSWER:   ​stop POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Chapter Introduction QUESTION TYPE:   Completion HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.01 – Understand that Fourth Amendment stops are seizures of persons that allow officers to briefly freeze suspicious people and situations to investigate possible criminal activity. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:42 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

53. The _______________ _______________–_______________ _______________ exception states that facts backing up a stop don’t automatically justify a frisk, except when suspects are stopped for crimes of violence.​ ANSWER:   violent crime–automatic frisk​ POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Frisks and the Fourth Amendment QUESTION TYPE:   Completion HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:43 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

54. The objective basis required for making a lawful stop is _______________ _______________.​ ANSWER:   ​reasonable suspicion POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stop-and-Frisk Law QUESTION TYPE:   Completion HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.01 – Understand that Fourth Amendment stops are seizures of persons that allow officers to briefly freeze suspicious people and situations to investigate possible criminal activity. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:44 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

55. Barricades set up for stopping vehicles and questioning the occupants are known as _______________.​ ANSWER:   roadblocks​ POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Stops and Frisks at the Roadside QUESTION TYPE:   Completion HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.01 – Understand that Fourth Amendment stops are seizures of persons that allow officers to briefly freeze suspicious people and situations to investigate possible criminal activity. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:46 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

56. ​The patting down of a suspect’s outer clothing to check for weapons is the type of search called a _______________. ANSWER:   frisk​ POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Chapter Introduction QUESTION TYPE:   Completion HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.01 – Understand that Fourth Amendment stops are seizures of persons that allow officers to briefly freeze suspicious people and situations to investigate possible criminal activity. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:46 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

57. The two elements to the scope of a reasonable stop are on-the-spot location of the investigation and _______________ _______________.​ ANSWER:   ​short duration POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   Completion HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.01 – Understand that Fourth Amendment stops are seizures of persons that allow officers to briefly freeze suspicious people and situations to investigate possible criminal activity. CRPR.SAMA.18.04.02 – Understand and appreciate that warrantless searches and seizures, including Fourth Amendment stops and frisks, must satisfy the two requirements of the reasonableness test: (1) the need to search/seize must outweigh the invasion of individual liberty and privacy, and (2) there must be enough facts and circumstances to back up the search/seizure. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:48 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

58. Facts that police learn not from their observation but from what other people tell them are called _______________ _______________. ​ ANSWER:   hearsay information​ POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   Completion HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:49 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM

 

59. Another name for the totality-of-circumstances test is the _______________ _______________ test.​ ANSWER:   whole picture ​ POINTS:   1 REFERENCES:   Fourth Amendment “Stops” QUESTION TYPE:   Completion HAS VARIABLES:   False LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   CRPR.SAMA.18.04.03 – Know that reasonable suspicion is the objective basis required to back up Fourth Amendment stops and frisks. KEYWORDS:   Remember DATE CREATED:   1/4/2017 3:50 AM DATE MODIFIED:   1/6/2017 6:01 AM