Crisis Intervention Strategies 8th Edition by Richard – Test Bank
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Sample
Questions
Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 4 – Tools of the Trade
True / False
1. “Why” questions are generally excellent open ended leads.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
2. “Tell me more “is an open lead that asks the client for expansion of the
subject.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. Open ended questions are designed to encourage clients to respond with
fuller, more meaningful responses.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
4. Closed ended questions should never be used because they are highly
intrusive and aggressive sounding and could
shut off communication.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
5. Close-ended questions in crisis intervention are generally inappropriate.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
6. Owning feeling is probably more important in crisis intervention because of
the need to be directive.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
7. “We” statements are an excellent way to build collaboration.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
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Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 4 – Tools of the Trade
8. A good owning statement may mean making a value judgment about a client’s
behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
9. A good owning statement can be used for setting limits on disruptive and
demeaning client behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
10. An important aspect of listening is to respond in ways that let the client
know that the worker is hearing both the
content and underlying emotional content.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
11. Allowing clients to cathart about the issue only compounds the crisis.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
12. As odd and paradoxical as it may seem, expansion and focusing strategies
may both be helpful in crisis intervention.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
13. Communicating empathically means focusing exclusively on the accurate
restatement of the content of verbal
messages and not trying to guess at underlying meanings.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
14. Sympathy and empathy are essentially the same thing except sympathy uses
more worker owning statements to
convey feelings.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
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Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 4 – Tools of the Trade
15. Distancing is a technique the worker can employ to step back and more
objectively view the client’s dilemma.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
16. Monitoring and assessing body language is an as important as monitoring and
assessing verbal responses in crisis
work.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
17. One way in which a crisis worker may determine whether the client fully
understands a commitment is to ask the
client to summarize the action steps that he or she plans to take.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
18. Silence is also golden at times in crisis counseling.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
19. Directive counseling is culturally judgmental and demeaning and should not
be used in crisis intervention because it
reinforces helplessness.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
20. Communicating genuineness means talking about yourself as a way to let
clients see that you understand them.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Multiple Choice
21. Open ended questions do all but which of the following?
a. Request description
b. Garner specific, concrete data
c. Focus on plans
d. Provide for assessment
ANSWER: b
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Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 4 – Tools of the Trade
22. Closed questions are useful in crisis intervention to:
a. request description.
b. encourage expansion.
c. increase focus.
d. express empathy.
ANSWER: c
23. If the client said, “I feel like I am in a giant vice that is squeezing my
sides in on me, and a huge weight is on my head
pressing me down.” A good worker restatement of the client’s content message
would be:
a. “It all goes back to your mother putting pressure on you to succeed.”
b. “So you sound like you are really in need of some relaxation techniques.”
c. “There appears there is no direction you can go that will give you some
relief.”
d. ”It sounds like you are outgrowing your body.”
ANSWER: c
24. Relational markers:
a. are stop signs for reflective statements.
b. are points to remember to make restatements.
c. shorten the psychological distance between the worker and the client.
d. are owning statements that help bond the relationship.
ANSWER: c
25. An owning statement does which of the following?
a. Puts responsibility directly on the client to respond
b. Allows the worker to safely cathart about his or her own issues
c. Uses positive reinforcement to approximate a client towards a larger goal
d. None of these define what an owning statement is.
ANSWER: c
26. An owning statement most generally starts with the pronoun:
a. I.
b. You.
c. We.
d. They.
ANSWER: a
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Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 4 – Tools of the Trade
27. “I want you to stop swearing or I will end this session” is an example of
a(n):
a. disowned statement.
b. distancing statement.
c. limit setting statement.
d. intolerant statement.
ANSWER: c
28. Which of the following is not a disowned statement?
a. Based on my own experience in this work I would say if you keep doing that
you are putting yourself at grave
risk.
b. We believe if you keep doing that you are putting yourself at grave risk.
c. Research indicates if you keep doing that you will put yourself at grave
risk.
d. Don’t you think if you keep doing that you will be putting yourself at grave
risk?
ANSWER: a
29. A statement such as “I need for you to take a deep breath, exhale slowly,
and put the gun down!” is a(n)
____________ statement.
a. assertation
b. closing
c. genuine
d. reflective
ANSWER: a
30. Of the following basic strategies for crisis intervention, which one seeks
to deal with warded off, shunted, and denied
feelings?
a. Allowing catharsis
b. Providing support
c. Creating awareness
d. Promoting mobilization
ANSWER: c
31. If a worker quietly sat by and allowed a client to cry for five minutes and
bemoan her broken engagement, the worker
would be engaging in ______ as a technique.
a. sympathy eliciting
b. catharsis
c. empathic responding
d. providing support
ANSWER: b
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Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 4 – Tools of the Trade
32. Promoting expansion means:
a. to have clients engage in a number of plans.
b. supporting clients as they attack multiple facets of the problem.
c. opening up clients tunnel vision in regard to the problem.
d. mobilizing the client to stay in the crisis situation.
ANSWER: c
33. Providing protection means:
a. shielding the client from potential traumatic events post crisis.
b. safeguarding clients from engaging in harmful and destructive behavior.
c. creating a space where the client’s thoughts and emotions will escalate.
d. allowing clients to avoid talking about the reasons they are in crisis.
ANSWER: b
34. Providing guidance:
a. is an archaic term that best describes school counseling in the 1960s and
has little to do with contemporary
counseling and particularly crisis intervention.
b. means clients are incapable of helping themselves.
c. means clients don’t have the knowledge or resources available to get
themselves out of the crisis and need an
expert in providing them with the tools to do so.
d. means helping clients focus on their goals.
ANSWER: c
35. The term empathy means that the worker:
a. accurately senses the client’s inner feelings and meanings.
b. correctly diagnoses the client’s problem or symptoms.
c. is open and transparent in the relationship with the client.
d. engages in funeral home counseling.
ANSWER: a
36. An important component of genuineness (p. 86)
a. playing a counselor role.
b. being non-defensive.
c. is self-disclosing for its own sake.
d. is using disowning statements.
ANSWER: b
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Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 4 – Tools of the Trade
37. The level of action on the part of the crisis worker is determined largely
by the assessed level of the client’s:
a. empathy.
b. mobility.
c. genuineness.
d. kind of crisis.
ANSWER: b
38. The crisis worker who interacts with complete acceptance of clients
demonstrates:
a. an ability to reassure a client even when there is little hope of the
client’s dilemma being solved.
b. a total understanding of the client’s problem from the crisis worker’s point
of view.
c. the utmost of confidence that the client will succeed in overcoming the
crisis.
d. an unconditional positive regard for clients that transcends clients’
personal qualities, beliefs, problems,
situations, or crises.
ANSWER: d
39. Silence as a counseling technique is best used:
a. when the worker wants to put some pressure on the client to talk.
b. when clients need time to think.
c. when there is a gap in the dialogue.
d. All of the answers are a “best use.”
ANSWER: b
40. All of the following are good rules of the road for crisis workers,
except:
a. provide support for the client.
b. crisis workers can independently handle any situation.
c. clear understanding of the problem is vital to effective crisis management.
d. clients’ resources are helpful to build solid crisis plans.
ANSWER: b
Essay
41. Compare and contrast the use of open and closed questions as they apply to
crisis intervention.
ANSWER: Answers may vary.
42. Case of Mildred. Mildred is a 42-year-old white female who is recently
divorced. She is not doing well in her love life
and comes to you to get some immediate help because she is depressed and thinking
about suicide. She spends the
first ten minutes weeping uncontrollably and has a hard time putting words
together. Of the nine intentional strategies
depicted in your book, which ones will you employ to stabilize this very
distraught woman, and why?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.
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Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 4 – Tools of the Trade
43. You are a crisis worker that has been called in to help with a client at a
small substance abuse treatment clinic. The
client is agitated and unable to sit still or attend to the group conversation.
The therapist on site is concerned about the
safety of the client as well as the safety of others in the room. Once you have
met with the client you determine that
he is not a physical danger to himself or the others. How do you decide the
amount of direction you will use with this
client? Which action strategies will you use to resolve this crisis
ANSWER: Answers may vary.
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Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 7 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
True / False
1. Support groups are an important component for treating PTSD.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
2. PTSD is different for children and adults.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. There is little reason to believe that the war in Iraq will produce PTSD
casualties among U.S. soldiers as did the war
in Vietnam.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
4. Man-made and natural disasters are equivalent in their ability to produce
PTSD.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
5. Eye movement desensitization/reprocessing (EMDR) works because the strobe
light or finger movement interrupts
abnormal neural activity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
6. Flooding works well as a safe therapeutic intervention with children because
it allows them to expunge intrusive
thoughts.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
7. “Railway spine” was a historical precursor of what is now known as PTSD.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
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Chapter 7 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
8. Child abuse and rape victims experience PTSD very differently than other
victims of PTSD.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
9. There is evidence that intense and continuous stress can cause permanent
physical changes to occur in the brain.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
10. Terr’s studies of children differentiate PTSD into two distinct types
depending on traumatic event duration.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
11. SUDS is a term identified with EMDR.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
12. Children who suffer a traumatic experience are likely to have problems with
“narrative coherence,” which is the
ability to organize material into a beginning, middle, and end.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
13. In childhood Type II traumas, children rarely misperceive or distort the
trauma once brought to awareness.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
14. An example of a childhood Type II trauma would be a one-time stranger rape
of a child.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
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Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 7 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
15. A SUDS and VOC rating that both went down after an EMDR session would mean
that the client felt some relief
from the trauma.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
16. One of the major reasons for PTSD counseling groups is to let the members
cathart about their experiences and thus
get rid of the bad memories.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
17. Psychotropic medications are widely effective with all trauma types and
should be used conjointly with psychotherapy
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
18. EMDR should not be used with children because it is very intrusive and may
reignite the trauma.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
19. Nondirective play therapy is ill advised because restitutive play may
become increasingly destructive if left
ungoverned.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
20. Because their mission is to save lives, survivors’ guilt is one of the
negative emotions that affects emergency medical
personnel.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
21. In the outcry phase, the focus of treatment should be on finding support
groups whose members have responses
associated with the trauma.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
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Name:
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Date:
Chapter 7 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
22. Moving beyond the trauma means survivors need to come to understand the
negative aspects of PTSD and that the
physiological responses they may have are common to the experience.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
23. The Army’s Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program does not include a
component to help families.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
24. The Master Resilience Trainer course will require thousands of
psychologists, social workers, and licensed
professional counselors to implement across the whole army.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
25. Structured Interviews such as the CAPS-1 are the best way of diagnosing
PTSD if time is available to conduct the
interview.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
Multiple Choice
26. Which of the following has not been a historical label for PTSD?
a. Combat fatigue
b. Hysterical neurosis
c. Railway spine
d. Acute intrapsychic trauma
ANSWER: d
27. PTSD may be developed following exposure to uncommon stressful life events such
as:
a. physical or sexual assault.
b. earthquakes.
c. car accidents.
d. All of the answers are correct.
ANSWER: d
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Chapter 7 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
28. Which of the following is not one of the diagnostic criteria for PTSD?
a. Constricted affect
b. Hyperalertness
c. Heightened social interaction
d. Memory impairment
ANSWER: c
29. One of the reasons the Vietnam War was a fertile breeding ground for PTSD
was:
a. the war was always ideologically unacceptable.
b. the country was in a patriotic frenzy and couldn’t accept defeat.
c. there were no front lines and one had to be alert at all times.
d. average age of combat participants was 26.5.
ANSWER: c
30. Which of the following is a common reaction to traumatic stress?
a. Psychotic breaks
b. Numbing
c. Catharsis of emotions
d. Traumagrams
ANSWER: b
31. Support groups are important to victims of PTSD because:
a. sharing experiences gives group members a common bond.
b. increased stigma comes from sharing experiences.
c. people with PTSD rarely use support groups.
d. groups are not emotionally safe for people with PTSD.
ANSWER: a
32. There is a great deal of psychophysiological assessment evidence that indicates
that stimulus presentation of sights,
sounds, and smells associated with the long-past traumatic event in PTSD
sufferers may cause:
a. hypervigilence.
b. physiological responses such as increased heart rate, blood pressure,
triglycerides, and cholesterol levels, and
decreased blood flow to the extremities.
c. higher outputs of impulsive behavior.
d. denial/numbing during the recovery phase of treatment.
ANSWER: b
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Chapter 7 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
33. Young children who suffer from PTSD are likely to:
a. continuously reenact the event through play.
b. immediately become very passive.
c. become suicidal.
d. have symptoms much like those of adults, but of briefer duration.
ANSWER: a
34. Assessment of PTSD may be best accomplished by:
a. structured interviews specifically related to PTSD criteria.
b. personality tests with special PTSD scales like the MMPI and Mississippi
Combat Scale.
c. complete medical work-ups to determine degree and kind of neurobiological
involvement.
d. incidence of drug use and criminal acts.
ANSWER: a
35. Neat and orderly progression for the PTSD sufferer through the recovery
phase is:
a. indicative of emotional numbing and denial.
b. indicative of integration taking place.
c. indicative that the intervention is working.
d. the exception rather than the rule.
ANSWER: d
36. The police, fire, and emergency services support group provide all but one
of the following in their support groups?
a. Restoration of self-pride
b. Mutual respect
c. Shared experiences of traumatic events
d. Integration with others kinds of PTSD
ANSWER: d
37. A somewhat controversial treatment method for PTSD requires the client to
maintain awareness of one or more of
(1) an image of the memory, (2) a negative self-statement or assessment of the
trauma, (3) the physical feelings of
the anxiety-provoking event. What is this particular treatment method called?
a. Flooding
b. EMDR
c. Thought stopping
d. CISD
ANSWER: b
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Chapter 7 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
38. Gestalt techniques such as the “empty chair” can be used for PTSD clients
to effectively:
a. dispute irrational thoughts that take over thinking.
b. reduce the guilt of “unfinished business” of past traumatic events.
c. generate positive addicting behaviors.
d. interpret psychodynamic drives.
ANSWER: b
39. An inappropriate technique for therapeutic intervention with children who
suffer from PTSD involves:
a. EMDR.
b. therapeutic play with sand trays and puppets.
c. flooding.
d. emotional catharsis through music, computer art, painting.
ANSWER: c
40. Terr (1995) proposed a division of childhood trauma into two categories that
she called Type I and Type II traumas.
What is the difference?
a. Type I targets very young children and Type II targets adolescents.
b. Type I results from natural causes and Type II results from man-made
causes.
c. Type I derives from sudden, distinct, traumatic experiences and Type II
derives from long standing, repeated
ordeals.
d. Type I stems from childhood sexual or physical abuse and Type II stems from
environmental catastrophes.
ANSWER: c
41. Affective State Dependent Retention is important to PTSD because it
theorizes that:
a. a calm, tranquil state is needed to treat PTSD.
b. no one is immune from PTSD given the right circumstances.
c. traumatic memories are stored under different physiological states.
d. a preexisting maladjusted personality pattern is retained in memory.
ANSWER: c
42. Of the following, which is not a common dynamic pattern of PTSD?
a. Exaggerated social interaction
b. Survivor’s guilt
c. Death imprint
d. Emotional enmeshment
ANSWER: a
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Chapter 7 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
43. Of the following phases of recovery in PTSD, which does not belong?
a. The calm, tranquil “before the storm” phase
b. The emotional numbing phase
c. The intrusive-repetitive phase
d. The reflective-transition phase
ANSWER: a
44. Treatment for PTSD can best be described as:
a. multimodal/multiphasic.
b. atheoretical.
c. stress inoculation.
d. eclectic.
ANSWER: d
45. The original principal physical technique of an EMDR therapist is:
a. rapid hand movements called saccades.
b. deep muscle massage called rolfing.
c. body manipulation called kinesthetics.
d. no physical movements are made, only imagery is used.
ANSWER: a
46. All of the following were involved in the classification of PTSD as a
diagnosable mental illness, except:
a. the Veterans Administration supported its inclusion.
b. Iraq war veterans began to develop psychological problems after returning
from combat.
c. Freud’s earlier work on hysteria was “rediscovered” by the American
Psychiatric Association.
d. the National Organization of Women pushed for legislation mandating
treatment.
ANSWER: b
Essay
47. Explain why the Vietnam War was a major breeding ground for PTSD.
ANSWER: Answers may vary.
48. What are the behavioral differences between Terr’s Type I and Type II
childhood trauma?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.
49. Wage an argument for or against EMDR.
ANSWER: Answers may vary.
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Chapter 7 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
50. Assume EMDR does have potential to work. Why do you think there is so much
resistance to it? Is this any different
than the views of new and unexplained phenomena in other fields?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.
51. Name the DSM-5 indicators necessary for a diagnosis of PTSD and discuss how
they might look in an adult or a
child.
ANSWER: Answers may vary.
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