Development Through Life A Psychosocial Approach 11th Edition by Barbara M. Newman – Test Bank
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Sample Test
CHAPTER THREE
Psychosocial Theory
CHAPTER
OBJECTIVES
|
OBJECTIVES |
ITEM NUMBER |
|
1. To
explain the rationale for using psychosocial theory as an organizing
framework for the study of human development. |
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 87, 107, 108, 134 |
|
1. To
define the six basic concepts of psychosocial theory: stages of development,
developmental tasks, psychosocial crisis, central process for resolving the
crisis, radius of significant relationships, and coping. |
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
74, 75, 76, 77, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101,
102, 103, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120,
121, 122, 123, 124, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137 |
|
1. To
evaluate psychosocial theory, pointing out its strengths and weaknesses. |
105, 106, 125, 126, 127, 128, 138, 139 |
MULTIPLE-CHOICE
QUESTIONS
1. As an
organizing framework, psychosocial theory is useful because
2. it
focuses solely on the age ranges of adolescence and adulthood.
3. it
ignores the role of culture in a person’s development.
4. it
assumes people actively contribute to their development.
5. it
focuses only on the biological influences on human development.
Factual
p.
62
C
*CO:
1
Moderate
2. Which
of the following best describes the range of applicability of psychosocial
theory?
3. Changes
in unconscious processes during childhood.
4. Patterns
of psychological and social change and growth over the life course.
5. Habits
created and sustained in adulthood.
6. Logical
thinking changes from infancy through adolescence.
Conceptual
p.
62
B
CO:
1
Difficult
3. Which
of the following statements is considered an assumption of psychosocial theory?
4. At
every stage of life, individuals may contribute to their own development.
5. The
direction of growth follows a genetically guided course that is impervious to
cultural influences.
6. Development
is shaped largely through experiences in the first six years of life.
7. The
combination of differences among cultures and individual differences make it
impossible to speak of patterns of development.
Factual
p.
62
A
CO:
1
Difficult
4. Who
is considered the developer of psychosocial theory?
5. Erik
Erikson
6. Sigmund
Freud
7. Jean
Piaget
8. Peter
Blos
Factual
p.
62
A
CO: 1
Easy
5. Psychosocial
theory presents human development as a product of ________.
6. culmination
of human experience calculated in older adulthood
7. the
interaction between biological and psychological needs and societal
expectations
8. infantile
experiences of the id, ego, and superego
9. genetic
influences on personality development
Factual
p.
62
B
*CO:
1
Moderate
6. Psychosocial
evolution is best described as _____________.
7. gathering
knowledge from ancestors and passing it to future generations
8. strengthening
groups of people through selective breeding
9. transmitting
biochemical information through the mechanisms of genetics
10. the
evolving nature of genetic counseling
Conceptual
p.
64
A
CO:
2
Moderate
7. Which
of the following terms refers to the transmission of values and knowledge
across generations?
8. stages
of development
9. coping
10. psychosocial
evolution
11. psychosocial
crisis
Conceptual
p.
64
C
CO:
2
Easy
8. Jeanette
could use all of the following to illustrate the relationship between
psychosocial theory and psychosocial evolution except
9. biological
evolution.
10. emailing
her children.
11. following
her parents’ childrearing techniques.
12. passing
down traditional rituals.
Application
p.
64
A
CO:
2
Easy
9. Which
of the following is not one
of the six basic concepts of psychosocial theory as defined by the text?
10. operational
definition
11. a
radiating network of significant relationships
12. stages
of development
13. developmental
tasks
Factual
p.
64
A
CO:
2
Moderate
10. A developmental
stage is best defined as ________________.
11. the
ability to manage stress and emotions associated with that stress
12. a set
of skills and competencies that one performs
13. people
who are important sources of support and information at each period of life
14. a
period of life that is characterized by a specific underlying organization
Conceptual
p.
64
D
*CO:
2
Easy
11. Psychosocial
theory is considered a stage theory because at each stage
12. failures
at each stage prevent an individual from growing and developing past age 13.
13. accomplishments
from previous stages provide resources for mastering challenges at new stages.
14. there
is no specific direction or order for the stages.
15. there
lacks an organization underlying the stage.
Factual
p.
64
B
CO:
2
Moderate
12. The
stage theory concept ______________________.
13. proposes
a specific direction of development
14. follows
a haphazard pattern
15. focuses
on correlations
16. uses
naturalized relationships
Conceptual
p. 64
A www
CO:
2
Difficult
13. In
developing the eight stages, Erik Erikson’s utilized
14. Jean
Piaget’s cognitive development stages.
15. Peter
Blos’ theory of identity.
16. Sigmund
Freud’s psychosexual stages.
17. Urie
Brofenbrenner’s ecological context.
Factual
p.
64
C
CO:
2
Easy
14. In
Erikson’s original model, life stages were given names but no ages because Erikson
wanted to
15. incorporate
all ages into all stages.
16. conduct
research first prior to determining ages.
17. leave
something unfinished in order to continue theorizing about life stages.
18. emphasize
an individual developmental timetable as unique, guided by biological
maturation and cultural expectations.
Conceptual
p. 65 D
CO:
2
Easy
15. Which
of the following statements best describes the concept of stages?
16. Ages
correspond directly to stages.
17. Poverty
can alter the sequence of stages.
18. The
length of each stage remains constant.
19. All
individuals follow the same stage sequence.
Factual
p.
66
D
CO:
2
Difficult
16. The
authors of the text, Newman and Newman, expanded the number of life stages in
Erikson’s original theory to ________ stages.
17. eight
18. ten
19. eleven
20. thirteen
Factual
p.
67
C
CO:
2
Moderate
17. Which
of the following statements is a good description about the addition of stages
to Erikson’s original theory?
18. Erikson’s
original theory did not include ages with the names of the life stages.
19. Theories
of human development can change based on cultural and historical changes.
20. Erikson’s
original theory was not based on research.
21. Theories
of human development are unstable and constantly changing.
Conceptual
p.
67
B
*CO:
2
Moderate
18. Which
of the following statements is considered a strength of Erikson’s theory of
psychosocial stages?
19. Presentation
of stages makes each stage look similar in length of time to complete.
20. Stages
appear to be discreet and separate.
21. Stages
are complete; no new stages are needed.
22. Stages
incorporate biological and societal influences.
Conceptual
p. 66 D
CO:
2
Moderate
19. Which
of the following statements reflects a psychosocial stage approach to
development?
20. Psychological
growth occurs in a patterned sequence.
21. One
can reinterpret previous stages in light of new experiences.
22. Each
stage brings a unique set of problems to solve.
23. All
of these reflect a psychosocial approach.
Conceptual
pp.
64-65
D
CO:
2
Difficult
20. Erikson
suggested that there is a biological plan for growth which allows each function
to emerge in a systematic way until the fully functioning organism is
developed. What is this concept called?
21. epigenetic
principle
22. coping
23. psychosocial
crisis
24. moratorium
Conceptual
p.
65
A
CO:
2
Easy
21. The
epigenetic principle refers to
22. ages
and stages in psychosocial theory.
23. a
biological plan for growth.
24. societal
expectations.
25. age-graded
expectations.
Conceptual
p. 65
B
CO:
2
Easy
22. Which
of the following is considered an example of how a person might anticipate the
challenges and roles of a future stage?
23. a
teenager worries about taking a test
24. a
preschool child pretends to get married and have a family
25. a
middle adult women plans Thanksgiving dinner
26. a
grandfather regrets not having spent enough time with his granddaughter
Application
p.
66
B
CO:
2
Moderate
23. Which
of the following is not a
characteristic of developmental stages in psychosocial theory?
24. Each
new stage incorporates gains made in earlier stages.
25. The
stages reflect a biologically based plan for the nature and direction and
growth.
26. Each
new stage brings a qualitatively new approach for understanding oneself and
others.
27. Once
a stage is passed, there is no way to review or reinterpret events from that
stage.
Factual
p.
65
D
*CO:
2
Moderate
24. Which
of the following statements best reflects a potential risk of thinking about
development as a sequence of stages?
25. Stages
highlight qualitative differences in outlook.
26. Stages
emphasize a mixture of new needs, capabilities, and expectations at each period
of life.
27. Stages
may be misconstrued to assume that a person in one stage cannot function at
other levels.
28. Stages
build one upon the other.
Conceptual
p.
66
C
CO:
2
Moderate
25. Which
of the following statements about psychosocial stages is most accurate?
26. Once
a stage is passed, the achievements of that period are never challenged again.
27. At
each stage, one struggles with one, and only one, major developmental issue.
28. Once
a stage is passed, the achievements of earlier stages are no longer relevant.
29. The
way one perceives and experiences life varies qualitatively from stage to
stage.
Conceptual
p.
66
D www
CO:
2
Difficult
26. Which
of the following terms refer to the set of skills and competencies that
contribute to increased mastery over one’s environment at a particular life
stage?
27. developmental
tasks
28. psychosocial
evolution
29. psychosocial
crises
30. prime
adaptive ego qualities
Conceptual
p.
67
A
CO:
2
Moderate
27. Which
of the following is the best definition of developmental tasks?
28. Tasks
that need to be completed around the house.
29. Rituals
that are performed at various ages.
30. Planning
for a goal and reaching that goal.
31. Skills
and competencies that contribute to increased mastery.
Conceptual
p.
67
D
CO:
2
Easy
28. Developmental
tasks can be viewed as
29. the
physical challenges in a stage of development.
30. the
unfolding of the epigenetic principle.
31. competencies
that lead to mastery of the environment.
32. unrelated
to stages of a person’s development.
Conceptual
p.
67
C
*CO:
2
Moderate
29. When
Alana was 2 years old, she was able to burp at the dinner table because she was
considered ‘a kid.’ Now at age 16, Alana is expected to be polite at the dinner
table. This is an example of
30. life
stages.
31. developmental
tasks.
32. age-graded
expectations.
33. life
roles.
Application
p.
67
C
CO:
2
Easy
30. Robert
Havighurst introduced the concept of developmental tasks and argued that
developmental tasks change with age because
31. society
has age-graded expectations.
32. infants
form social attachments that last throughout life.
33. language
skills change with age.
34. children
have greater physical strength at older ages.
Conceptual
p.
67
A
CO:
2
Moderate
31. According
to Robert Havighurst, which of the following terms is considered a time when a
person is most ready to acquire a new ability?
32. coping
situation
33. sensitive
period
34. psychosocial
conflict
35. developmental
task
Conceptual
p.
67
B
CO: 2
Moderate
32. Ellie
received a ‘big’ bike for her birthday without training wheels attached. She
was eager and apprehensive about riding her new bike. According to Havighurst,
this is considered an example of a
33. teachable
moment.
34. developmental
task.
35. transformation.
36. psychosocial
crisis.
Application
p.
67
A
CO:
2
Moderate
33. Which
of the following statements about developmental tasks is most accurate?
34. Developmental
tasks are universal and are not related to societal expectations.
35. Learning
about team play is a developmental task for all stages of life.
36. There
is no relationship between developmental tasks of one life stage and the
psychosocial crisis of previous stages.
37. Achieving
developmental tasks in one stage contributes to greater chances of achieving
developmental tasks of future stages.
Conceptual
p.
68
D
*CO:
2
Difficult
34. Which
of the following is most influential in the demands for growth based on
developmental tasks?
35. cultural
values
36. age
of the individual
37. physical
maturation
38. the
sensitive period of growth
Conceptual
p.
68
A
CO:
2
Moderate
35. Izekial
was preparing for his marriage at the age of 13. His upcoming marriage is
typical of his peers in Iran. This example best illustrates which of the
following influences of developmental tasks?
36. biological
age of individuals
37. cultural
values
38. physical
growth and development
39. teachable
moment and sensitive period
Application
p.
68
B
CO:
2
Easy
36. According
to psychosocial theory, development occurs as a result of which of the
following crises?
37. reinforcements
and punishments
38. modeling
and imitation
39. interaction
between individual needs and societal demands
40. modification
of boundaries as a result of feedback and adaptive self-regulation
Conceptual
p.
68
C
CO:
2
Moderate
37. Which
of the following terms refer to the tension that is experienced as a person
strives to adjust to societal demands at each life stage of development?
38. psychosocial
crisis
39. radius
of significant relationships
40. epigenetic
principle
41. sensitive
period
Conceptual
p.
68
A
CO:
2
Easy
38. Which
phrase best describes psychosocial crisis?
39. an
unusual set of stresses and strains
40. an
absence of societal demands
41. a
normal set of stresses and strains
42. an
unpredictable life event
Conceptual
p.
69
C
*CO:
2
Easy
39. According
to psychosocial theory, prior to the end of each life stage, individuals try to
adjust to societal demands based on their personal terms. This process produces
tension that must be reduced in order to develop to the next stage. This
tension produces
40. sensitive
periods of life.
41. transformational
change.
42. teachable
moments.
43. psychosocial
crisis.
Conceptual
p. 68
D
*CO:
2
Easy
40. Which
of the following statements best describes the relationship between
developmental tasks and the psychosocial crisis?
41. Mastery
of developmental tasks is not related to the resolution of the psychosocial crisis.
42. Mastery
of developmental tasks is influenced by the resolution of the psychosocial
crisis.
43. Developmental
tasks are resolved independently of the psychosocial crisis.
44. Skills
learned from developmental tasks allow individuals to skip resolving the psychosocial
crisis.
Conceptual
p.
70
B
CO:
2
Moderate
41. Which
of the following statements about the psychosocial crisis is most accurate?
42. Only
infants and toddlers have psychosocial crises.
43. The psychosocial
crisis is expressed as polarities with positive and negative ends on a
continuum.
44. Most
people do not experience a psychosocial crisis during their lifetime.
45. The
psychosocial crisis is a result of vulnerability in the biological system
without societal influence.
Conceptual
p.
70
B
CO:
2
Moderate
42. Psychosocial
crises arise because
43. most
people are not prepared for the level of intimacy and identity required in
adult life.
44. of
the unsatisfactory relationship developed between parents and children.
45. of a
discrepancy between a person’s competence and societal expectations.
46. society
benefits when most of the people are in some kind of conflict.
Conceptual
p.
70
C
CO:
2
Moderate
43. Which
of the following statements concerning the resolution of psychosocial crisis is
most accurate?
44. Individuals
are most likely to have a completely positive resolution of the crisis based on
epigenetic principle.
45. Individuals
are most likely to have a completely negative resolution of the crisis based on
societal influence.
46. Most
people resolve crisis in a generally positive direction based on developmental
task achievement.
47. Most
people resolve crisis in a generally negative direction based on complex
developmental tasks as one ages.
Conceptual
p.
70
C
CO:
2
Moderate
44. Which
of the following statements is most accurate pertaining to the concept of
psychosocial crisis?
45. Most
people resolve the crisis with a completely negative resolution.
46. Most
people never resolve the first crisis of trust versus mistrust.
47. Most
people resolve the crisis positively with some negative experience.
48. Most
people resolve the crisis with a completely positive resolution.
Factual
p.
70
C
CO:
2
Moderate
45. Which
of the following statements about the negative pole of the psychosocial crisis
is most accurate?
46. Most
people experience both the negative as well as the positive poles of each
psychosocial crisis.
47. The
negative pole is only relevant for understanding extreme cases of mental
illness.
48. Any
exposure to the negative pole is likely to result in a negative resolution to the
crisis.
49. The
negative pole is produced by individual vulnerability and genetic
predisposition, not by society.
Factual
p.
70
A
CO:
2
Easy
46. According
to the epigenetic principle, the succession of psychosocial crises
47. is
unpredictable and haphazard in nature.
48. occurs
in a predictable sequence over the life course.
49. is
non-sequential over the life course, especially during adolescence.
50. occurs
in an unpredictable sequence over the life course.
Conceptual
p.
71
B
CO:
2
Moderate
47. Which
of the following statements best describes the importance of the negative poles
at each psychosocial crisis?
48. The
negative poles define specific types of mental illness.
49. The
negative poles reflect areas of vulnerability at each stage.
50. The
negative poles predict the possibility of criminal activity at a later stage.
51. The
negative poles highlight issues where the rights of the individual outweigh the
rights of the group.
Conceptual
p.
72
B
CO:
2
Moderate
48. The
psychosocial crisis serves as a mechanism for development by
49. highlighting
the tension and conflict between positive and negative poles.
50. speeding
up the biological maturation process.
51. focusing
on the sensitive period of an infant’s development.
52. experiencing
only the negative of a conflict.
Conceptual
p. 72 A
CO:
2
Moderate
49. Joel
just graduated from college and is about to start his first job as a family
life educator. He has planned to ask his college sweetheart to marry him after
about 3 months in his new job. When Joel came home last weekend, he learned
that his parents are divorcing, and each parent plans to dedicate more time to
career. According to psychosocial theory, a combination of Joel’s needs for
development and the unexpected divorce of his parents may lead to
50. Joel
being able to resolve his current psychosocial crisis more quickly.
51. Joel
ignoring his developmental needs.
52. Joel
needing to revisit and reinterpret earlier psychosocial stages.
53. Joel
focusing only on his intimate relationship.
Application
p.
72
C
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Difficult
50. Unpredictable
life stresses, such as divorce and death, may contribute to the
51. re-working
of earlier life stages.
52. progression
to future life stages.
53. speeding
up of resolving a psychosocial crisis.
54. sequential
progression of life stage development.
Conceptual
p. 72
A
*CO:
2
Moderate
51. A
psychosocial crisis is resolved through
52. hard
work and persistence.
53. an
orderly unfolding of functions.
54. age-graded
expectations based on biological maturity.
55. a
central process linking individuals’ needs with cultural expectations.
Factual
p.
72
D
CO:
2
Moderate
52. The
central process in psychosocial theory refers to
53. stages
of development.
54. how a
person resolves a psychosocial crisis.
55. important
people in an individual’s life.
56. a
dichotomy between positive and negative poles.
Conceptual
p.
72
B
CO:
2
Easy
53. Which
of the following statements best describes the central process, an organizing
concept of psychosocial theory?
54. The
central process identifies a discrepancy between a developmental task and
stage.
55. The
dichotomy of a psychosocial crisis is reflected in the central process.
56. The
central process helps to resolve the psychosocial crisis.
57. The
epigenetic principle allows internalization of processes central to
development.
Conceptual
p.
72
C
CO:
2
Easy
54. When
an individual engages in a central process, the result is
55. a
stabilization of boundaries and identity.
56. a
reworking of an individual’s psychological system.
57. a
stagnation in growth and development.
58. a
decrease in the acquisition of new skills.
Conceptual
p.
72
B
CO:
2
Difficult
55. The
term radius of
significant others refers to
56. a
geometric pattern illustrating the life stages and psychosocial crisis.
57. a
process for resolving a psychosocial crisis.
58. the
tension between individual development and societal pressures.
59. a
network of relationships important to an individual.
Conceptual
p.
72
D
CO:
2
Difficult
56. Which
of the following statements best describes the pattern of change in the radius
of significant relationships from infancy through adolescence?
57. There
is a deepening and narrowing of significant relationships.
58. There
is a new focus on one’s relationship with humankind with the radius of
significant others.
59. The
radius of significant relationships does not change much during these years.
60. The
range and variety of significant relationships expand.
Conceptual
p.
72
D
CO:
2
Moderate
57. The
key function of the radius of significant relationships is to
58. help
individuals learn their spoken language.
59. recognize
the demands of society brought to bear on the individual.
60. determine
a person’s fame based on network size.
61. determine
the age of adulthood.
Conceptual
p.
73
B
CO:
2
Moderate
58. Dylan
wants to drop out of high school and go to New York to be a musician. Her
parents, friends, and high school teachers encourage her to graduate from high
school prior to moving to New York. This encouragement is an example of what
organizing principle of psychosocial theory?
59. stages
of development
60. central
process
61. radius
of significant others
62. coping
behavior
Application
p.
73
C
CO:
2
Easy
59. Which
of the following are discussed as the three primary social contexts for
development?
60. family,
culture, and ethnic group
61. school,
work, and community
62. home,
neighborhood, and country
63. friends,
family, and work
Factual
p.
74
A
CO:
2
Easy
60. For
most children, the primary social context of childhood is
61. family.
62. community.
63. nation.
64. religion.
Factual
p.
74
A
CO:
2
Easy
61. Cheria
wanted to attend the local community college rather than attend a prestigious
college where she was awarded a full scholarship. Her decision was based on the
family expectation that she would be near her parents to assist with their
care. Her other siblings were unable to provide care, and she was raised to
believe that it was her responsibility. Cheria’s perception is an example of
62. core
pathology.
63. cultural
context.
64. stage
of development.
65. central
process.
Application
p.
75
B
CO:
2
Easy
62. In
terms of the context of development, culture refers to
63. socially
standardized ways of thinking, feeling, and acting shared by members of a
society.
64. a
group of individuals who co-reside with one another in a community.
65. the
exclusion of technology and religion in age-graded expectations.
66. uncommon
threads of standardization of an ethnic group.
Conceptual
p.
75
A
*CO:
2
Moderate
63. Which
of the following terms refers to an individual’s active efforts to resolve
stress and find new solutions to challenges?
64. developmental
stage
65. coping
66. defense
67. equilibrium
Conceptual
p.
75
B
CO:
2
Easy
64. The
ability to enlist affective and behavioral strategies is a key element of
65. coping
behavior.
66. defensive
behavior.
67. core
pathologies.
68. life
crises.
Conceptual
p.
75
A
CO:
2
Easy
65. Anna
started dating Chris soon after breaking up with Hayden. She wants to continue
to explore intimate relationships and doesn’t like being alone. Anna strives to
be with others and has acquired new skills and coping that can be classified as
66. a
psychosocial crisis.
67. progression
through stages.
68. her
radius of significant others.
69. the
central process of coping.
Conceptual
p.
76
D
CO:
2
Moderate
66. Coping
is an important concept in psychosocial theory because
67. no
other theory uses it.
68. coping
is determined by the epigenetic principle.
69. it
explains how unique and inventive behaviors occur.
70. it
always involves gathering new information that changes the biological system.
Conceptual
p.
76
C
CO:
2
Moderate
67. Robin
has moved to a new town during her sophomore year in high school. In order to
find a new group of friends, she joins the staff of the school paper and tries
out for the girls’ swim team. These efforts are examples of which of the
following?
68. developmental
stage
69. core
pathology
70. psychosocial
crisis
71. coping
behavior
Application
p.
76
D
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2
Moderate
68. Which
of the following is not a
factor in understanding how a person copes?
69. the
range of resources available
70. the
meaning of the stressor
71. the
nature of the stressor
72. how
the situation is perceived
Conceptual
p.
76
B
CO:
2
Easy
69. When
Lou arrived at summer camp, he was uncomfortable and began to walk around and
learn where the activities were held. He next observed the boys in his age
group playing a game of ball. According to psychosocial theory, Lou was
70. negatively
resolving the identity crisis.
71. determining
members of his radius of significant others.
72. following
the epigenetic principle.
73. appraising
the situation as a coping behavior.
Application
p.
76
D
CO:
2
Moderate
70. Problem-focused
coping refers to
71. controlling
emotions associated with a stressor.
72. changing
something about the source of stress.
73. controlling
the emotions of others involved.
74. changing
stages of development.
Conceptual
p.
76
B
CO:
2
Moderate
71. An
important aspect of coping is the ability to redefine the meaning or value of a
stressful situation. This process is referred to as
72. reappraisal.
73. emotional-focused
coping.
74. stage
progression.
75. central
process identification.
Factual
p.
76
A
CO: 2
Easy
72. Consistent
efforts to cope with a psychosocial crisis result in
73. developmental
tasks.
74. appraisal.
75. prime
adaptive ego qualities.
76. radius
significant others.
Factual
p.
77
C
CO:
2
Easy
73. _________
develop from the positive resolution of the psychosocial crisis, and _____
develop from the negative resolution of the psychosocial crisis.
74. Worldviews;
insider views
75. Prime
adaptive ego qualities; core pathologies
76. Adaptation
techniques; self-approaching techniques
77. Core
pathologies; ego qualities
Conceptual
p.
77
B
CO:
2
Moderate
74. Terms
such as hope, will, competence, care, and wisdom are examples of which of the
following terms?
75. prime
adaptive ego qualities
76. psychosocial
crises
77. core
pathologies
78. central
processes
Factual
p.
77
A
CO:
2
Moderate
75. Prime
adaptive ego qualities and core pathologies influence one’s
76. physical
development.
77. subcultural
or ethnic identity.
78. worldview.
79. generational
cohort.
Conceptual
pp.
77-78
C
CO:
2
Difficult
76. Core
pathologies
77. provide
new resources for coping with the next psychosocial crisis.
78. protect
the person from unwanted interaction with the societal system.
79. provide
new information.
80. promote
an optimistic worldview.
Conceptual
p.
78
B
CO:
2
Easy
77. Which
of the following is not considered
a strength of psychosocial theory?
78. It
provides insight into directions of healthy development across the lifespan.
79. It
identifies predictable crises.
80. It
links childhood and later life stages.
81. Supporting
research is gender neutral.
Conceptual
p.
78
D
CO:
3
Moderate
78. The
emphasis on the interplay between individual development and society is
considered a
79. weakness
of psychosocial theory.
80. factor
that is not considered in psychosocial theory.
81. strength
of psychosocial theory.
82. psychosocial
crisis embedded in psychosocial theory.
Factual
p.
78
C
CO:
3
Moderate
79. Longitudinal
research using psychosocial theory as a framework has found
80. general
support for many of the psychosocial concepts.
81. lack
of support for many of the psychosocial concepts.
82. that
individuals do not preview themes prior to entering a life stage.
83. mixed
results focusing on developmental tasks.
Factual
p.
79
A
CO:
3
Easy
80. Dr.
Know and Dr. No were discussing the merits of psychosocial theory while
drinking lattés. Dr. Know asserted that the basic concepts of psychosocial
theory were not well developed or defined. Dr. No concurred and felt that the
theory was further hampered because its concepts were based on its European
American male context. As a student of human development, how would you
characterize these comments?
81. Both
comments are inaccurate and hinder the advancement of the theory.
82. Both
comments are accurate portrayals of the weaknesses associated with the theory.
83. Dr.
Know’s comment is accurate; Dr. No’s is inaccurate.
84. Dr.
No’s comment is accurate; Dr. Know’s comment is inaccurate.
Conceptual
pp.
79-80
B
CO:
3
Moderate
81. Which
of the following statements is considered a weakness of psychosocial theory?
82. It
focuses on childhood rather than adulthood.
83. It
hypothesizes a specific direction for healthy growth at each life stage.
84. The
process of moving from one stage to another needs more development.
85. The
psychosocial crisis is not the same from one stage to the next.
Conceptual
p.
79
C
CO:
3
Moderate
82. Which
of the following is no longer considered a weakness of psychosocial theory?
83. Basic
concepts are presented in terms that are abstract and difficult to measure.
84. A
dynamic view of the interaction between a genetically guided plan and societal
expectations is offered.
85. The
theory identifies predictable crises throughout the lifespan.
86. The
theory provides a broad societal and historical perspective within which to
study development.
Conceptual
p.
80
A
CO:
3
Moderate
83. Researchers
using three cohorts of college students studied psychosocial development and
the concept of changes in coping as one proceeds through the life stages. The
researchers found that there
84. was
no difference in the life stages and the type of coping in which individuals
engage.
85. is
evidence that people do change in their resolution over time as predicted by
psychosocial theory.
86. was
lack of evidence for life stages and central processes.
87. is
insignificant evidence to support prime adaptive ego qualities and core
pathologies.
Factual
p.
80
B
CO:
3
Difficult
84. Which
of the following statements is most accurate concerning life expectancy and
psychosocial theory?
85. Life
expectancy determines the age breakdown of the life stages.
86. The
number of life stages is based on the life expectancy age.
87. As
life expectancy increases, it is expected that developmental tasks may need
reexamination.
88. Psychosocial
theory concepts will remain the same despite increases in life expectancy.
Conceptual
p.
80
C
CO:
3
Difficult
85. Which
of the following criticisms of psychosocial theory relates to the stages of
development?
86. A
male, Eurocentric, individualistic perspective is utilized to create the
stages.
87. The
period of adult life is not adequately differentiated.
88. The
life stage concept is abstract and difficult to measure.
89. Movement
from one stage to the next is not adequately explained.
Conceptual
p.
80
B
CO:
3
Difficult
86. Which
of the following psychosocial concepts best illustrates a sense of communion or
connection?
87. prime
adaptive ego quality
88. central
process
89. developmental
tasks
90. radius
of significant others
Factual
p.
80
D
*CO:
3
Moderate
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