Drugs Behaviour, And Society 3rd Canadian Edition by Carl L Hart -Test Bank

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Sample Test

Chapter 03

Drug Policy

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In a Chronicle Herald article, patients treated at the Centre for Pain Management in Halifax were asked to provide which of the following (which many felt was against their rights)?
A.a blood test
B. a urinary toxicology
C. weekly sexual histories
D. DNA samples to the local police enforcement agency

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Summarize the history of and influences on the creation of drug regulations in Canada.
Topic: 03-01 The History of Drug Regulations

2. Although prior to 1908, opium was not viewed as a serious societal threat, which of the following was viewed to be a problematic health concern in Canada?
A.Alcohol and cocaine
B. Cocaine and tobacco
C. Heroin and cocaine
D. Tobacco and alcohol

3. From the mid to late 1800s the Canadian government’s primary financial concern was regarding which of the following?
A.Alcohol
B. Marijuana
C. Barbiturates
D. Opium

4. In 1908, the Opium Act was enacted. Which of the following Canadian(s) initiated this legislation?
A.Dr. Le Dain
B. Mackenzie King
C. Euro-Canadian Society
D. Emily Murphy

5. In 1908, the Opium Act made it illegal to import, manufacture, sell or possess opium for nonmedical purposes. What prompted this action to be taken?
A.The smoking of opium would lead to high rates of lung cancer.
B. Opium use would outstrip the use of alcohol.
C. Smoking opium would corrupt the youth of the nation.
D. An increasing number of white people were smoking opium.

6. In the early 1900s in Canada, what were the fears regarding opium connected to?
A.Large numbers of drug-related deaths
B. Family violence
C. Racial dislike against Chinese immigrants
D. Public use in saloons and night clubs

7. Which of the following was first the step toward federal drug regulation in Canada?
A.Controlled Substances Act
B. Pure Food and Drugs Act
C. Prescription Drug Act
D. Patent Medicine Act

8. Which of the following describes the order in which Canada’s drug legislation unfolded?
A.Opium Act; Opium and Drug Act; Narcotic Control Act; Patent Medicine Act
B. Opium Act; Opium and Drug Act; Patent Medicine Act; Food and Drugs Act
C. Opium Act; Patent Medicine Act; Opium and Drug Act; Narcotic Control Act
D. Opium Act; Patent Medicine Act, Opium and Drug Act; Prescription Drug Act

9. In 1955, the Senate Special Committee on the Traffic of Narcotics in Canada was formed in response to the medical community’s approach to drug addiction as a medical and social problem rather than as a criminal issue. What did committee’s work result in?
A.A more compassionate view of addiction among members of the general public in Canada.
B. Pressure on law enforcement to be more tolerant of addiction.
C. The committee siding with law enforcement and enacting the Narcotic Control Act.
D. The committee being tied between members who wanted a medical model and those who did not.

10. Between 1969 and 1973, the Le Dain Commission produced four reports that recommended all of the following EXCEPT which one?
A.The gradual withdrawal of criminalization of illegal drugs.
B. That the possession of cannabis not be a crime.
C. The abolishment of imprisonment for possession of drugs.
D. Regulatory standards for the production and distribution of cocaine.

11. In 2013 Canada’s police chiefs voted overwhelmingly in favour of reforming drug laws in the country. What was one of the key changes stated in the textbook?
A.Officers should have the ability to ticket people found with 10 grams of marijuana or less.
B. Officers should have the ability to ticket people found with 20 grams of marijuana or less.
C. Officers should have the ability to ticket people found with 30 grams of marijuana or less.
D. Officers should have the ability to ticket people found with 40 grams of marijuana or less.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Summarize the history of and influences on the creation of drug regulations in Canada.
Topic: 03-06 Canada’s Drug Strategies

12. In 2016 the Government of Canada replaced the National Anti-Drug Strategy with the Canadian Drugs and Substances Strategy in response to which crisis?
A.The Methamphetamine crisis
B. The Opioid crisis
C. The Hepatitis C crisis
D. The Crack Cocaine crisis

13. Which of the following is an offence under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act?
A.To obtain a controlled substance from a practitioner.
B. To obtain a controlled substance without a prescription.
C. To obtain a controlled substance without a license.
D. To obtain a controlled substance without revealing other controlled substances procured from other practitioners within a 30 day period.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Describe the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
Topic: 03-07 Canada’s Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

14. Under which schedule of The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act would the possession of isosafrole (used in making MDMA) be located?
A.6
B. 8
C. 10

15. Under which schedule of The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act would the possession of one gram of hashish be located?
A.6
B. 8
C. 10

16. How many schedules are there in The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act?
A.6
B. 8
C. 10

17. Under which schedule of The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act would the possession of Rohypnol be located?
A.2
B. 3
C. 4

18. Under which schedule of The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act would the possession of GHB be located?
A.2
B. 3
C. 4

19. Where are the offenses dealing with drug paraphernalia laws addressed in Canadian legislation?
A.Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
B. Criminal Code of Canada.
C. In both the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act and Criminal Code of Canada.
D. Narcotic Control Act.

20. Under the CDSA it is an offence to seek or obtain a controlled substance from a medical practitioner without disclosing to that practitioner all other controlled substances obtained from other practitioners within the previous 30 days. What would be the maximum punishment for this offence?
A.Indictment is 1 years
B. Indictment is 3 years
C. Indictment is 7 years
D. Indictment is 10 years

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Describe the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
Topic: 03-08 Sentencing

21. Where is the synthetic drug LSD listed in the CDSA?
A.Schedule I
B. Schedule II
C. Schedule III
D. Class A

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Describe the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
Topic: 03-07 Canada’s Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

22. Martin claims he was the first person to have his case heard in a drug treatment court in Canada. What city would this have taken place in?
A.Vancouver
B. Winnipeg
C. Toronto
D. Montreal

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Describe the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
Topic: 03-08 Sentencing

23. Richard claims he was the first person to have his case heard in a drug treatment court in Canada. In what year would his case have been heard?
A.1995
B. 1998
C. 2001
D. 2004

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Describe the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
Topic: 03-08 Sentencing

24. How has the omnibus Bill S-10, been otherwise termed?
A.Safe School and Communities Act
B. Safe Streets and Communities Act
C. Safe Streets and Prisons Act
D. Safe Prisons and Streets Act

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-03 Discuss Bill S-10 and its potential impacts.
Topic: 03-14 Bill S-10: An Act to Amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

25. In which year did Bill S-10 received Royal Assent and became law in Canada?
A.2011
B. 2012
C. 2013
D. 2014

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03 Discuss Bill S-10 and its potential impacts.
Topic: 03-14 Bill S-10: An Act to Amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

26. The amendments in Bill C-10 prescribe mandatory prison terms for offences related to drugs listed which of the following?
A.Schedule I
B. Schedule I and II
C. Schedule II and III
D. Schedule III

27. Before a new drug is released into the Canadian market what does Health Canada’s HPFB require?
A.A pricing comparison with competing drugs.
B. Proof that no adverse reactions will occur.
C. The manufacturer of the drug to file a NDS.
D. Personal testimony from patients who have tried the drug.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04 Explain how pharmaceuticals are regulated in Canada.
Topic: 03-16 New-Drug Submission Process

28. With respect to regulating drugs in Canada, what is the responsibility of the provincial and territorial governmental bodies?
A.To oversee drug benefit programs for military personal.
B. To manage drug formularies.
C. To manage drug benefit programs for the RCMP.
D. To oversee drug benefit programs for Aboriginal Peoples.

29. In which decade in Canada did the government establish regulations on investigating new drug applications?
A.1940s
B. 1950s
C. 1960s
D. 1970s

30. In 2004, Parliament passed the Jean Chretien Pledge to Africa Act. According to this act what can governments of WTO member countries grant?
A.A compulsory license for a generic medication, therapeutically equivalent to a brand name drug, without the consent of the patent holder.
B. Protection for pharmaceutical companies that would allow them sole license to market their drug on a worldwide basis.
C. Non-member countries the right to access free drugs if they need them.
D. Extended protection of patented medicines that are in demand worldwide.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04 Explain how pharmaceuticals are regulated in Canada.
Topic: 03-13 International Conventions

31. What does the four phase process to approve drugs for use in Canada include?
A.Phase one: testing on animals.
B. Phases three and four: testing that occurs after approval.
C. Phase three: testing that takes place with healthy volunteers.
D. Phase four: testing that occurs after approval.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04 Explain how pharmaceuticals are regulated in Canada.
Topic: 03-13 International Conventions

32. Approximately how many pharmaceutical products are available on the Canadian market?
A.Less than 10,000
B. Between 10,000-15,000
C. Less than 20,000
D. More than 20,000

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-05 Discuss the pharmaceutical industry in Canada.
Topic: 03-20 The Pharmaceutical Industry in Canada

33. Pharmaceutical sales in Canada account for what percentage of the global market share?
A.1%
B. 2%
C. 3%
D. More than 4%

34. Which statement describes the trend in pharmaceutical sales in Canada from 2005 to 2015?
A.Sales have increased by 34%.
B. Sales have increased by 54%.
C. Sales have decreased by 34%.
D. Sales have decreased by 54%.

35. All of the following represent disorders that would allow legal access to marijuana under The Marihuana Medical Access Regulations EXCEPT which one?
A.Multiple sclerosis
B. Nausea due to HIV/AIDS
C. Anorexia
D. Diagnosed anxiety disorder

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-06 Explain the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) of July 2001.
Learning Objective: 03-07 Discuss the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR) of April 2014.
Topic: 03-22 Medicinal Marijuana Regulations

36. In what year did Health Canada implement The Marihuana Medical Access Regulations?
A.1995
B. 2001
C. 2005
D. 2010

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-06 Explain the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) of July 2001.
Learning Objective: 03-07 Discuss the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR) of April 2014.
Topic: 03-23 Canadian Marijuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR)

37. Which of the following cases brought about the monumental legal decision that invalidated the marijuana prohibition under the CDSA?
A.R. v Emery
B. R. v Jackson
C. R. v Parker
D. R. v Smith

38. When a Federal Court judge in Vancouver issued an injunction against the government’s plans to end the practice of grow-your-own medical marijuana what occurred?
A.It allowed the approximately 30,000 existing licenses for home-grown pot users/patients to continue growing their own.
B. It allowed for the continued use of medical marijuana, but the consumers had to buy “quality-controlled” marijuana from federally approved commercial producers.
C. It allowed the approximately 5,000 existing licenses for home-grown pot users/patients to continue growing their own.
D. It allowed the existing licenses for home-grown pot users/patients to continue growing their own, but disallowed any further licenses from going forward.

39. Since the inception of the Marihuana Medical Access Program (MMAP), stakeholder concerns have grown. All of the following have been raised EXCEPT which one?
A.Potential for diversion of marijuana to illicit markets due to limited security requirements.
B. Increase potential for overdoes caused due to polysubstance use.
C. Risk of violent home invasion by criminals attempting to steal marijuana.
D. Creation of fire hazards resulting from faulty or overloaded electricity installations used to support marijuana cultivation.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-06 Explain the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) of July 2001.
Learning Objective: 03-07 Discuss the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR) of April 2014.
Topic: 03-25 Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (ACMPR)

40. Before what year in Canada were natural health products sold as either drugs or food under the Food and Drugs Act?
A.1990
B. 1995
C. 2000
D. 2004

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-08 Describe how natural health products are regulated in Canada.
Topic: 03-26 Natural Health Products

41. With respect to natural health products, which of the following statements represent the position Health Canada would state?
A.Health Canada is concerned only with ensuring their efficacy and safety, not their purity.
B. Health Canada is concerned only with ensuring their purity and safety, not their efficacy.
C. Health Canada is concerned only with ensuring their purity and efficacy, not their safety.
D. Health Canada is concerned with ensuring their purity, safety, and their efficacy.

42. In which decade did officials at Health Canada become concerned with a rapidly growing market in natural health products (NHPs)?
A.1970s
B. 1980s
C. 1990s
D. 2000s

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-08 Describe how natural health products are regulated in Canada.
Topic: 03-26 Natural Health Products

43. Beginning in which year in Canada did all natural products with associated claims of health benefits became subject to the regulations of the NHPD?
A.1984
B. 1994
C. 2004
D. 2014

44. From a pharmacological perspective, the word narcotic can only be correctly used to label which of the following?
A.Marijuana
B. Cocaine
C. Morphine
D. Ecstasy

True / False Questions

45. Prior to 1928, Canada did not have regulations, federal or provincial, for governing the use of drugs.
FALSE

46. Drug regulations in Canada were not driven by concerns for the health of its citizens but it had more to do with public fear of Chinese and Japanese immigrants.
TRUE

47. In 1908, John A MacDonald travelled to British Columbia to gather information pertaining to the 1907 labour demonstrations and riots and the opium dens.
FALSE

48. In the 1950s illegal drug use was on the decline in Canada.
TRUE

49. A former Winnipeg police officer, a member of the group Law Enforcement Against Prohibition Stated if police are suggesting tickets for possession less than 30 grams ( called a common offence) then prohibition should take place altogether.
TRUE

50. The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) replaced the Narcotic Control Act and Parts III and IV of the Food and Drugs Act.
TRUE

51. The sale and use of alcohol and tobacco is only subject to provincial/territorial legislation.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Describe the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
Topic: 03-10 Regulation of the Sale of Alcohol and Tobacco

52. It is not an offence to possess drug paraphernalia in Canada.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Describe the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
Topic: 03-09 Drug Paraphernalia Laws

53. With the Royal Assent for Bill S-10, mandatory minimum jail sentences for marijuana offences became law.
TRUE

54. The history of introducing new drugs into the marketplace in Canada can be traced back to the 1940s.
FALSE

55. World Trade Organization countries may grant compulsory licensing to produce and sell generic drugs, which are therapeutically equivalent to their patented counterpart, under certain conditions.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04 Explain how pharmaceuticals are regulated in Canada.
Topic: 03-18 Compulsory Licences

56. In Canada Bill C-22 provides for a 20 year protection period for drug manufacturers beginning on the date that the patent is filed.
TRUE

57. In, Canada Phase I testing of drugs is conducted using animal subjects only.
FALSE

58. Canada is ranked 5^th in the world for its pharmaceutical sales.
FALSE

59. If you are seeking to live in a country where Marijuana has received approval as a therapeutic drug you will find that Mexico is the only country that does.
FALSE

60. In 2015 the Supreme Court of Canada in R. v. Smith decided that restricting legal access to dried marijuana was unconstitutional.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-06 Explain the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) of July 2001.
Learning Objective: 03-07 Discuss the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR) of April 2014.
Topic: 03-24 Marijuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR)

61. On July 30, 2001, Health Canada implemented the MMAR, which clearly articulated the process through which access to marijuana for medical purposes was permitted.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-06 Explain the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) of July 2001.
Learning Objective: 03-07 Discuss the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR) of April 2014.
Topic: 03-24 Marijuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR)

62. Any person wishing to use marijuana for medicinal purposes in Canada under the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) must provide a declaration from a medical practitioner.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-06 Explain the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) of July 2001.
Learning Objective: 03-07 Discuss the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR) of April 2014.
Topic: 03-24 Marijuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR)

63. The Food and Drug Act and Regulations drug manufacturers must prove that their drugs were an effective treatment for some diseases.
FALSE

Short Answer Questions

64. Describe the Patent Medicine Act of 1909.

It was the first step toward federal drug regulation in Canada. This legislation required the documentation and approval of a small number of drugs formulated and issued by doctors. It also prohibited the use of cocaine in medicines.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 Summarize the history of and influences on the creation of drug regulations in Canada.
Topic: 03-03 Patent Medicine Act of 1909

65. When did the Le Dain Commission take place, and what was the outcome?

The inquiry took place between 1969 and 1973. The commission produced four reports.

66. Describe the scope of Sentencing under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA).

Under the CDSA judges are afforded considerable discretion in sentencing offenders. Aggravating factors that often influence sentencing decisions include the selling drugs to children, involving children under 18 years of age in the commission of an offence, or selling drugs in or near schools or public places frequented by youth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 03-02 Describe the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
Topic: 03-08 Sentencing

67. What was one of the primary changes resulting from the enactment of Bill C-10?

It was an omnibus Bill that included amendments to Canada’s Controlled Drugs and Substances. With the Royal Assent for Bill S-10 mandatory minimum jail sentences for marijuana offences became law Act (CDSA).

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03 Discuss Bill S-10 and its potential impacts.
Topic: 03-14 Bill S-10: An Act to Amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

68. Describe the Natural Health Products standards in Canada.

Ensuring the efficacy, safety, and quality of pharmaceutical drugs, vitamins, vaccines, and medical devices sold in Canada is the responsibility of Health Canada. Their mandate to provide this oversight is contained within the Food and Drugs Act and Regulations.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04 Explain how pharmaceuticals are regulated in Canada.
Topic: 03-26 Natural Health Products

69. Describe The Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties.

The Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (CPS) is published annually by the Canadian Pharmacists Association (CPhA) and has been providing health care professionals with a centralized source of Health Canada-approved product monographs since 1960.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-05 Discuss the pharmaceutical industry in Canada.
Topic: 03-21 The Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties

70. Describe when the Canadian Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) was enacted and its primary purpose.

On July 30, 2001, Health Canada implemented the MMAR, which clearly articulated the process through which access to marijuana for medical purposes was permitted. The Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) provide a mechanism for patients to access marijuana for medical purposes with the support of their physician.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 03-06 Explain the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) of July 2001.
Learning Objective: 03-07 Discuss the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR) of April 2014.
Topic: 03-22 Medicinal Marijuana Regulations

71. How does the Food and Drug Act and Regulations describe a drug?

According to the Food and Drug Act and Regulations, any substance “manufactured, sold or represented for use in the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of a disease, disorder or abnormal physical state, or its symptoms, in human beings or animals” is a drug.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04 Explain how pharmaceuticals are regulated in Canada.
Topic: 03-15 Regulation of Pharmaceuticals

72. Describe the main reason an interest was generated to create The Opium Act of 1908.

In 1908, then Canadian Deputy Minister of Labour Mackenzie King travelled to British Columbia to gather information pertaining to the 1907 labour demonstrations and riots. During this visit King interviewed two Vancouver opium merchants, who revealed to him the extent to which opium was being traded and consumed in British Columbia. Based on these interviews, King drew four conclusions: (1) that opium smoking was growing in popularity among white people, (2) that Chinese merchants were making considerable profits through the opium trade, (3) that the opium trade was in violation of current provincial pharmacy legislation, and (4) that as a Christian nation, Canada had a moral responsibility to serve as a leader in the then international campaign against opium use.

73. Identify which part of Canadian legislation addresses Drug Paraphernalia Laws, and what is the scope of penalties.

Under section 462.2 of the Criminal Code of Canada the import, export, manufacturing, promoting, or selling of instruments or literature for illicit drug use is a summary conviction offence. The consequences of conviction are severe (e.g., for a first offence, to a fine not exceeding $100 000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or both).

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Describe the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
Topic: 03-09 Drug Paraphernalia Laws

74. Describe Bill S-10, and the areas that highlight serious crime.

Bill S-10, otherwise known as the “Safe Streets and Communities Act,” was an omnibus Bill that included amendments to Canada’s Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA). It proposed minimum penalties for serious drug offences, such as dealing drugs for organized crime purposes or when a weapon or violence is involved.
Bill S-10 received Royal Assent and became law during the 41^st Parliament, which ended in September 2013. This law made jail time for serious drug offence convictions mandatory, and where “aggravating factors” are present such as: production; trafficking; possession for the purpose of trafficking or exporting and importing and exporting.

75. Give a brief description of the process required in Canada for a pharmaceutical company to test a new drug on humans and later to market a new prescription drug.

Animal testing must be followed by an CTA application to the HPFB of Health Canada, then three phases of clinical testing, which must also be approved by the HPFB as well as the Phase IV testing that takes place after approval. Bonus: an explanation of the BGTD’s role in the trials involving biological and radiopharmaceutical, including blood and blood products, tissue, genetic therapeutic product and vaccines both viral and bacterial.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 03-04 Explain how pharmaceuticals are regulated in Canada.
Topic: 03-20 The Pharmaceutical Industry in Canada

76. Give a brief description of the internet activity between Canada and the United States as it relates to pharmaceuticals.

Cross-border Internet pharmacy sales between Canada and the United States grew swiftly from 2000 to 2003, but have since progressively declined to 2% of total exports in 2011. The top ten pharmaceutical products sold in Canada account for 14% of 2012 industry sales. Leading therapeutic categories are neuro-therapies, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal.

77. There are two categories under which Canadians can apply for medical marijuana under the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations. Explain the categories.

Category 1 includes pain and/or muscle spasm associated with multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury or spinal cord disease. Category 1 also includes health issues associated with cancer treatment and end-of-life care for cancer and HIV/AIDS patients, as well as, for the relief of pain in severe forms of arthritis. People suffering from epileptic seizures may also apply to possess marijuana for medicinal purposes. Category 2 includes people who are suffering from debilitating medical conditions that are not included in Category 1 and for whom traditional treatments have proved ineffectual.

Bonus: Applications under both categories must be accompanied by a declaration from a medical practitioner.

78. Describe the criteria and defining differences between Category 1 and 2 of the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR).

Category 1 comprises any symptoms treated within the context of compassionate end-of life care or the symptoms associated with the specified medical conditions. Category 2 applies to persons who have debilitating symptoms of medical conditions other than those described in Category 1.

79. Describe the Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (ACMPR) and state the year in which these were passed.

In August 2016, the Government of Canada enacted the Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (ACMPR). This regulation replaced the MMPR. The government did this in response to an earlier federal court decision in Allard v. Canada. Allard v. Canada determined that requiring individuals to get their marijuana only from licensed producers violated liberty and security rights protected by section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In supporting this, the government reasoned that individuals who require marijuana for medical purposes did not have “reasonable access. “The ACMPR was designed to provide a solution to the court judgment. As the federal government moves forward with its commitment to legalize recreational marijuana use, it will need to evaluate how a system of medical access to cannabis should function alongside legalization, regulation, and restriction to access.

80. Why in the 1990s, did officials at Health Canada become concerned with a rapidly growing market in natural health products (NHPs)?

Officials at Health Canada became concerned with a rapidly growing market in natural NHPs because the term NHP was used to represent a variety of substances that were being formulated, packaged, and/or promoted in a manner similar to drugs but that were classified and regulated as foods. These substances include vitamins and mineral supplements, herbal remedies (herb- and plant-based remedies), homeopathic medicines, traditional medicines such as traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicines, probiotics, amino acids, and essential fatty acids. Health Canada’s concerns lay in that fact that these natural products, while being promoted as therapeutic, were classified as foods.

Chapter 05

The Actions of Drugs

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Canada ranks _____ in the world in terms of population despite the Canadian pharmaceutical market being the 8th largest in the world, accounting for about 2% of the world market by sales.
A.28^th
B. 30^th
C. 36^th
D. 40^th

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 05-01 Explain why plants are the source of many of the chemicals we use as drugs.
Topic: 05-01 Sources and Names of Drugs

2. Which pharmaceutical drugs are the most popular in Canada?
A.Apotex
B. Generic
C. Novartis
D. Pfizer

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-01 Explain why plants are the source of many of the chemicals we use as drugs.
Topic: 05-01 Sources and Names of Drugs

3. Which of the following terms is NOT used to describe commercially available drug compounds?
A.Brand
B. Chemical
C. Generic
D. Dose

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