Drugs in American Society 10th Edition by Erich Goode- Test Bank

 

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Drugs in American Society, 10e (Goode)

Chapter 3   A History of the War on Drugs

 

1) The first psychoactive substance that American states attempted to control was:

1.   A) opium.

2.   B) marijuana.

3.   C) heroin.

4.   D) alcohol.

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  D

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2) During the 1920s and 1930s, in the years following the Supreme Court ruling on the Harrison Act (1914), which was rendered in 1919, the number of addicts who were arrested on drug charges:

1.   A) decreased.

2.   B) increased.

3.   C) remained the same.

4.   D) fluctuated wildly and erratically from year to year.

5.   E) remained unknown.

 

Answer:  B

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3) Which of the following was the most common ingredient in a number of nineteenth-century soft drinks?

1.   A) Ecstasy (MDMA)

2.   B) marijuana

3.   C) cocaine

4.   D) heroin

5.   E) methamphetamine

 

Answer:  C

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4) Which of the following categories in the population was more like to politically and ideologically support the Volstead Act (passed in 1919), which imposed a national prohibition on the sale of alcohol?

1.   A) Anglo-Saxons (as opposed to persons whose ancestry stemmed from eastern and southern Europe)

2.   B) Catholics (as opposed to Protestants)

3.   C) immigrants (as opposed to native-born Americans)

4.   D) urban residents (as opposed to rural and small-town dwellers)

5.   E) members of the working class (as opposed to farmers and the middle class)

 

Answer:  A

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5) The earliest legislation designed to reduce or eliminate a substance that is currently illegal was aimed at:

1.   A) heroin.

2.   B) methamphetamine.

3.   C) marijuana.

4.   D) opium.

5.   E) cocaine.

 

Answer:  D

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6) The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906:

1.   A) addressed false claims about the contents of patent medicines on the product’s label.

2.   B) outlawed the sale of patent medications that contained opium.

3.   C) outlawed the sale of patent medications that contained cocaine.

4.   D) outlawed the sale of patent medications that contained marijuana.

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  A

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7) The British waged two Opium Wars against China in order to:

1.   A) abolish the sale of opium in China.

2.   B) legalize and continue the opium trade in China.

3.   C) set up addiction treatment clinics in China.

4.   D) abolish a tax on the sale of opium.

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  B

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8) Which of the following drugs was included in the Harrison Act yet was not a narcotic or opiate?

1.   A) heroin

2.   B) marijuana

3.   C) morphine

4.   D) amphetamine

5.   E) cocaine

 

Answer:  E

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9) Prior to the Harrison Act, most narcotic addicts were:

1.   A) African American.

2.   B) medical addicts.

3.   C) heroin injectors.

4.   D) also marijuana smokers.

5.   E) predatory street criminals.

 

Answer:  B

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10) During the course of the nineteenth century—that is, from the early 1800s to the late 1800s—the rate of narcotic addiction in the United States:

1.   A) increased.

2.   B) decreased.

3.   C) remained the same.

4.   D) fluctuated wildly and erratically from year to year.

5.   E) could not be estimated.

 

Answer:  A

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11) Historians estimate that the number of narcotic addicts in the United States prior to 1914 was about:

1.   A) 3,000.

2.   B) 30,000.

3.   C) 300,000.

4.   D) 3 million.

5.   E) 30 million.

 

Answer:  C

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12) The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937:

1.   A) was designed to raise revenue for the federal government by taxing marijuana transactions.

2.   B) was declared unconstitutional shortly after its enactment.

3.   C) was a state law that was passed in a few states but vetoed in most of them.

4.   D) effectively banned all possession and sale of marijuana products.

5.   E) is still in effect and currently results in most of the marijuana-related arrests in the United States.

 

Answer:  D

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13) The primary impact of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 was to:

1.   A) establish categories or “schedules” of controlled substances.

2.   B) decriminalize the possession of marijuana.

3.   C) establish treatment centers for narcotic addicts.

4.   D) remove cocaine from the list of narcotic drugs.

5.   E) relegate the authority to enforce the drug laws to the states.

 

Answer:  A

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14) The first fully enunciated “war on drugs” was launched by President:

1918.         A) Woodrow Wilson in 1918.

1919.         B) Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1932.

1920.         C) Harry Truman in 1946.

1921.         D) Richard Nixon in 1971.

1922.         E) Jimmy Carter in 1978.

 

Answer:  D

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15) Between the 1970s and the 1980s, the federal budget devoted to drug treatment:

1.   A) increased.

2.   B) decreased.

3.   C) remained stable.

4.   D) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year.

5.   E) was unknown.

 

Answer:  B

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16) Between 1979 and 1989, the percentage of the American public naming drug abuse as the nation’s most serious problem:

1.   A) increased.

2.   B) decreased.

3.   C) remained stable.

4.   D) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year.

5.   E) remained unknown.

 

Answer:  A

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17) During the course of the 1980s—that is, from 1980 to the end of 1989—the number of prisoners incarcerated in state penal institutions:

1.   A) increased.

2.   B) decreased.

3.   C) remained the same.

4.   D) fluctuated wildly and erratically from year to year.

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  A

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18) The following development did not take place in the nineteenth century:

1.   A) the discovery of the addicting properties of opiates.

2.   B) extraction of morphine from opium.

3.   C) extraction of heroin from morphine.

4.   D) invention of the hypodermic syringe.

5.   E) the isolation of cocaine from coca leaves.

 

Answer:  A

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19) The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 was originally designed to:

1.   A) address drug research and rehabilitation.

2.   B) stamp out all illicit drug abuse.

3.   C) increase the power and reach of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics.

4.   D) transfer authority of drug enforcement to the state level.

5.   E) decriminalize the possession and sale of all then-illicit drugs.

 

Answer:  A

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20) An example of a current Schedule I drug, as defined by the federal Controlled Substances Act, is:

1.   A) morphine.

2.   B) all of the amphetamines.

3.   C) LSD.

4.   D) cocaine.

5.   E) methadone.

 

Answer:  C

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21) During the 1800s and early 1900s, the trajectory of public opinion with respect to tolerance versus condemnation of recreational drug use (including alcohol consumption) and opposition to it, versus support of legislation banning and attempting to control it is an up-and-down affair. Summarize that trajectory, locating approximate time periods when both the “ups” and the “downs” took place.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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22) Likewise, between the 1960s and the 2000s, public opinion on and legislation attempting to control drug use have exhibited something of a roller-coaster pattern. Describe that pattern, identifying the time periods when these changes took place.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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23) Which comes first—the chicken or the egg? We see a time-ordered relationship between the use of psychoactive substances, both legal and illegal, and public opinion favoring drug legislation. Which is the cause—the use or public opinion favoring more restrictive legislation? Justify your argument.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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24) What were the Opium Wars? Why were they fought? Who won? What were the outcomes of these wars? What is the general category of world developments or forces to which the Opium Wars belong?

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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25) Racism and ethnic prejudice played a role in the three most important pieces of antidrug legislation passed during the twentieth century—the Harrison Act (1914), the Volstead Act (national alcohol prohibition) (1919), and the Marihuana Tax Act (1937). Describe what role race and/or ethnic prejudice played in the passage of each of these acts.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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26) It is said that Prohibition (1920-1933) was a disastrous failure. In what ways did Prohibition fail, and in what ways was it a success?

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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27) Which president was tougher on drug users—Nixon or Reagan? Why? Justify your answer.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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28) Why control drug possession and distribution at all? Why not legalize all drugs? Is drug legislation purely and simply a function of bias against pleasure or the people who use certain psychoactive substances or the fact that certain substances (such as alcohol and tobacco) have been widely used and socially institutionalized for longer periods of time than others (such as marijuana and cocaine)? Or are there objective factors related to harm that have guided lawmakers in passing legislation that attempts to control the use of certain substances more than that of others?

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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29) National alcohol prohibition did not simply spring forth, fully formed, in 1920. It emerged out of social, cultural, and political processes that brought it into being. What were the most important of these processes, and why did they put their stamp on prohibition legislation? And what were the social, cultural, and political forces that took place during the 1920s and early 1930s that brought about the demise of Prohibition?

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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30) Why has legislation against most illicit drugs been a success in that it remains in place and more or less enforced? (Most persons incarcerated in federal prisons, and about a third in state prisons, were convicted for violating the drug laws.) In contrast, laws against the sale of alcohol were a failure in the sense that they were repealed. Why the difference? Explain what social forces brought about the success of one and the failure of the other.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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Drugs in American Society, 10e (Goode)

Chapter 5   Drugs in the Media

 

1) According to the discussion on media bias, ________.

1.   A) none of the principles of the professional subculture of journalism pull the journalist away from bias toward objectivity

2.   B) some of the principles of the professional subculture of journalism pull the journalist away from bias toward objectivity, while some do not

3.   C) all of the principles of the professional subculture of journalism pull the journalist away from bias toward objectivity

4.   D) whether and to what extent the professional subculture of journalism pulls the journalist away from bias toward objectivity is unknowable and cannot be determined

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  B

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2) The period during which media attention was most strongly focused on drug use and abuse was the:

1.   A) 1950s.

2.   B) 1960s.

3.   C) 1970s.

4.   D) 1980s.

5.   E) 1990s.

 

Answer:  D

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3) In terms of number of people that drug use kills each year in the United States, ________.

1.   A) illegal drugs kill many times more people than legal drugs

2.   B) legal drugs kill many times more people than illegal drugs

3.   C) illegal and legal drugs kill about the same number of people

4.   D) the number of people that legal and illegal drugs kill remains unknown

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  B

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4) Sensationalistic stories of drug harm erupted for different drugs at different times. For these stories, match up the decade with the drug during which these stories most typically erupted.

1.   A) marijuana in the 1960s

2.   B) crack cocaine in the 1950s

3.   C) PCP in the 1990s

4.   D) methamphetamine from the late 1980s to the 2000s

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  D

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5) The harm that the media attributed marijuana with causing during the 1930s was that use of the drug would cause the user to:

1.   A) develop the “amotivational syndrome.”

2.   B) progress to more dangerous drugs.

3.   C) become insane and violent and commit rape and murder.

4.   D) drop dead of a drug overdose.

5.   E) pass on birth defects to his or her offspring.

 

Answer:  C

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6) The effect caused by smoking crack cocaine in the 1980s that the media most emphasized was:

1.   A) dying of an overdose of the drug.

2.   B) progressing to the use of other, more dangerous drugs.

3.   C) becoming addicted or dependent on the drug.

4.   D) becoming insane and violent.

5.   E) using crack in conjunction with alcohol and becoming an alcoholic.

 

Answer:  C

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7) The news stories that reported that LSD causes chromosome damage and result in the user passing on birth defects to his or her offspring was:

1.   A) verified by research conducted in the 1960s.

2.   B) a complete media invention—no article published in the scientific literature reported such a finding.

3.   C) an urban legend that was circulated during the 1960s.

4.   D) disconfirmed by later scientific research.

 

Answer:  D

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8) This chapter is based mainly on which of the following sources of news media?

1.   A) broadcast news—mainly television

2.   B) the Internet

3.   C) print sources, mainly newspapers and magazines

4.   D) fiction, mainly novels

5.   E) advertising

 

Answer:  C

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9) The author emphasizes that charges of media bias are commonly lodged by observers with particular approaches or perspectives. Which of the following is the author regarding as bias with respect to the media reporting the drug story? The extent to which these stories:

1.   A) subvert the Marxist agenda and delay the proletariat revolution.

2.   B) undermine the readers’ faith in God.

3.   C) do not accurately reflect the evidence gathered and the conclusions reached by scientists.

4.   D) fail to contribute to patriotic fervor.

5.   E) stimulate an interest among the young in trying and using illicit psychoactive drugs.

 

Answer:  C

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10) Which of the following theories of media bias is most strongly focused on the factor of hegemony or institutional bias in stressing the slant of media drug stories? The:

1.   A) ruling-elite theory

2.   B) money machine theory

3.   C) grassroots theory

4.   D) professional subculture theory

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  A

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11) Which of the following theories is most likely to be influenced by the cardinal rule, verify a story with two or more sources? The:

1.   A) ruling elite theory

2.   B) money machine theory

3.   C) grassroots theory

4.   D) professional subculture theory

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  D

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12) News stories in the 1960s about the harm caused by the use of LSD:

1.   A) reported consistently throughout the decade about only one harm the use of the drug caused—insanity and self-destruction.

2.   B) reported consistently throughout the decade about only one harm the use of the drug caused—chromosome damage.

3.   C) began by focusing its reporting mainly on one harm the use of the drug caused (insanity and self-destruction), but switched its attention to a second harm (chromosome damage).

4.   D) was unfocused and all over the map with regard to the harm the use of the drug caused—from addiction to overdoses to progression to more dangerous drugs.

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  C

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13) Media stories on the use of PCP in the 1970s tended to emphasize that the use of the drug would cause the user to:

1.   A) die of a drug overdose.

2.   B) progress to more dangerous drugs.

3.   C) engage in multiple drug use and harm himself or herself as a result.

4.   D) have psychotic episodes and engage in self-destructive behavior.

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  D

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14) Which of the following assertions about methamphetamine, as reported by the media in the late 1980s, turned out to be true? The use of meth:

1.   A) had moved up the socioeconomic ladder to the point where abuse was as common among the rich as among the poor.

2.   B) had marched across the country to the point where abuse was as common on the East Coast as on the West Coast.

3.   C) had become the drug of choice among young people to the point where it had become the most popular and widely used drug in the country.

4.   D) was “instant addiction”—one puff and you’re hooked for life.

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  E

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15) Which of the following media assertions about the use of crack cocaine in the 1980s was later verified by scientific research?

1.   A) Try it once and you’re hooked! Once you start, you can’t stop!

2.   B) The use of crack immediately hurls the user into an inferno of craving and despair.

3.   C) Crack has now infected every group and community in the country.

4.   D) Crack is as common in the middle-class suburbs as it is in the ghetto and the urban slum.

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  E

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16) Which of the following media assertions about the use of crack cocaine in the 1980s was later verified by scientific research?

1.   A) Crack has become America’s drug of choice—even more popular than marijuana.

2.   B) Nearly every expert now concedes that the crack plague is all but universal.

3.   C) One out of ten babies born today are “crack babies”—infants of crack-addicted mothers.

4.   D) Crack babies will be permanently damaged and will become an unmanageable multitude of disturbed and disruptive youth—a lost generation.

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  E

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17) Which of the following theories best explains media bias on the drug story? The:

1.   A) ruling elite theory

2.   B) money machine theory

3.   C) grassroots theory

4.   D) professional subculture theory

5.   E) All of the above theories contribute concepts that help to understand media bias on the drug story.

 

Answer:  E

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18) The year that drug use was most frequently in the news was:

1956.         A) 1956.

1957.         B) 1966.

1958.         C) 1976.

1959.         D) 1986.

1960.         E) 1996.

 

Answer:  D

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19) The year the American public most strongly believed that drug abuse was the nation’s number one problem was:

1959.         A) 1959.

1960.         B) 1969.

1961.         C) 1979.

1962.         D) 1989.

1963.         E) 1999.

 

Answer:  D

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20) Sociologists refer to an episode during which the public or the media express concern or fear from a given agent or threat that is exaggerated, out of proportion to, and less serious than its objective danger or potential damage:

1.   A) a moral panic.

2.   B) media overload.

3.   C) an accurate assessment of the situation.

4.   D) media objectivity.

5.   E) none of the above.

 

Answer:  A

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21) The professional subculture of journalism is made up of several components or elements, some of which push a drug story in the direction of bias and others of which toward objectivity and accuracy. Explain what these elements are and how they could have such influences on a drug story, giving examples from specific drugs during specific eras.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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22) What factors make the sudden emergence of the widespread use of a particular drug newsworthy? Use examples from specific drugs during specific eras.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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23) In several cases, media attention to a drug’s supposed harms and dangers was followed by legislation criminalizing the possession and sale of that drug. Cite these cases, explaining for what drug this took place and in what era.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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24) In your opinion, which of the four theories of media bias best explains the enormous attention paid to crack in the 1980s? Be specific and detailed.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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25) Discuss some common themes that can be found during all the eras of drug stories, from marijuana use in the 1930s to methamphetamine use in the late 1990s to the early twenty-first century.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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26) Apply the distinction between an “essentialist” and a “constructionist” approach to phenomena, spelled out in Chapter 1, to media representations of drug use throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. Is the media depiction of drug use an essentialist or a constructionist approach to drug use?

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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27) Knowing what we know about drug use and harm—specifically that legal drugs kill vastly more users than illegal drugs—explain the disjunction between the volume of media attention paid to the latter versus the former. Try to discuss this matter objectively rather than moralistically. What makes death as a result of use of an illicit drug more newsworthy than death as a result of an illegal drug?

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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28) How does the media hierarchy of prestige influence media sensationalism with respect to drug use? Do media organizations higher on the ladder of prestige present a drug story in a different way than media organizations lower down on the ladder of prestige? Explain.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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29) Discuss the various claims that the media made regarding the effects of specific drugs between the 1930s and the 2000s that were factually incorrect. Why were these claims made, how were they corrected, and have they died down now that the factual record has been set straight regarding these drugs?

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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30) Why is the distinction between factual bias and selection bias in the reporting of news stories about drugs and drug use? Be specific, be detailed, and use examples.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary.

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