Ecology Global Insights and Investigations 2nd Edition By Peter Stiling – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 03
Natural Selection, Speciation, and Extinction
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What
is not a recognized pattern of natural selection?
A. Directional
B. Stabilizing
C.
Evolutionary
D. Balancing
E. Disruptive
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
2. The
change in color of peppered moths in polluted areas is an example of which pattern
of natural selection?
A. Directional
B. Stabilizing
C. Evolutionary
D. Balancing
E. Disruptive
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
3. Directional
selection is exhibited by:
A. Peppered
moths
B. Baby size in humans
C. Bentgrass on polluted soil
D. Clutch size in birds
E. None of the answers
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
4. Stabilizing
selection favors:
A. Phenotypes at an extreme
B.
Intermediate phenotypes
C. Genetic diversity
D. The survival of two phenotypes
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.01
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
5. An
example of stabilizing selection involves:
A.Beak size in Galapagos finches
B. Sickle cell frequency in humans
C. Color frequency in aphids
D. Clutch
size in birds
E. Color frequency in peppered moths
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.01
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
6. Many
young sea turtle hatchlings are eaten by birds on their way from the nest to
the ocean. As a result, the young of some species tend to hatch synchronously,
on or near the same date. This is an example of
A.directional selection.
B. Stabilizing
selection.
C. Balancing selection.
D. Disruptive selection.
E. Bidirectional selection.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.01
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
7. When
green forms of the pea aphid suffer a higher rate of parasitism than red
morphs, but red morphs are more likely to be attacked by predatory ladybird
beetles, the result is:
A. Directional selection
B. Stabilizing selection
C.
Balancing selection
D. Disruptive selection
E. Negative binomial selection
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.01
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
8. According
to the evolutionary species concept how many differences in a DNA sequence is
sufficient to separate groups into species?
A. 1,000
B. 10,000
C. 50,000
D. 100,000
E.
It has not yet been decided
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
9. Which
is not a possible mechanism for allopatric speciation?
A.Separation of populations by a river
B. Separation of populations by a mountain range
C. Separation of populations on different islands
D. Separation
of populations on co-occurring host plants
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
10.
In an area only 20 x 5 miles on Hawaii, 26 subspecies of land
snail, Achatinella
mustelina, have been recognized, each in a different valley separated
from the others by mountain ridges. This supports the idea of
A.Allopatric
speciation.
B. Sympatric speciation.
C. Balancing selection
D. Stabilizing selection.
E. Inbreeding.
Bloom’s: Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 03.02
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
11.
The Earth’s Atmosphere contained little to no oxygen until
about:
A. 4.5 billion years ago
B.
2.5 billion years ago
C. 1 billion years ago
D. Five hundred million years ago
E. One hundred million years ago
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
12.
The Devonian is sometimes know as the “age of the _________”.
A. Fishes
B. Amphibians
C. Reptiles
D. Mammals
E. Birds
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03
Topic: Evolutionary Ecology
13.
The tendency for animals to become larger over evolutionary time
is known as _______rule.
A. Bergmans
B.
Copes
C. Allens
D. Glocks
E. Kings
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
14.
The extensive forests of the carboniferous period gave rise to
A.greatly reduced atmospheric oxygen.
B. greatly increased atmospheric carbon dioxide.
C. greatly decreased forest fire intensity.
D. global
cooling.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
15.
During the _________ period, the continents had aggregated into
one land mass called Pangea.
A. Ordovician
B. Devonian
C. Carboniferous
D.
Permian
E. Mesozoic
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
16.
The age of the reptiles was the:
A. Ordovician
B. Devonian
C. Carboniferous
D. Permian
E.
Mesozoic
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
17.
Which present day land mass did not make up part of
Gondwanaland?
A. South America
B. Africa
C. Antarctica
D. Australia
E.
Asia
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
18.
Tapirs are currently found in:
A. Europe and Asia
B. Europe and South America
C.
Asia and South America
D. Africa and Asia
E. Africa and South America
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
19.
North America is considered part of which realm?
A. Neotropical
B.
Nearctic
C. Palearctic
D. Ethiopian
E. Australian
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
20.
In Africa, the equivalent species to the South American giant
armadillo is the
A. Pygmy hippopotamus
B. Chevrotain
C. Royale antelope
D.
Pangolin
E. Potto
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
21.
The idea that, in an ever changing world, species must
continually evolve and change in order not to go extinct has been called:
A.Punctuated equilibrium
B. Gradualism
C. The
red queen hypothesis
D. Pseudoextinction
E. Convergent evolution
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
22.
Taxa with resistant life history stages may be able to survive
temperature changes. During a period of rapid global cooling, following a
meteor strike and a dust cloud, which taxa may be less resistant to extinction?
A.Seed plants.
B. Lizards.
C. Insects.
D. Birds.
E. Mammals.
Bloom’s: Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 03.04
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
23.
In the recent past nearly all extinctions have been caused by:
A.Hunting and introduced species
B. Habitat destruction and introduced species
C. Hunting and habitat destruction
D. Hunting,
introduced species and habitat destruction
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
24.
In _______ selection, individuals intermediate in a phenotypic
distribution have greater reproductive success.
A.Stabilizing
B. Directional
C. Disruptive
D. Balancing
E. Negative frequency- dependent
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
25.
A common, long-lived parrot, with good dispersal ability lives
in the forests of Puerto Rico. It has high reproductive ability and high
population variability. Which of the following species characteristics threaten
it with extinction?
A.Rarity.
B. Dispersal ability.
C. Reproductive ability.
D. Population
variability
E. Life span.
Bloom’s: Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 03.04
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
True / False Questions
26.
In areas where malaria frequency is low, the sickle cell
homozygote has lower fitness than a homozygote with two copies of the normal b
–globin allele.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.01
Topic: Evolutionary Ecology
27.
The northern and southern leopard frogs are morphologically
similar yet reproductively isolated species.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
28.
In the phylogenetic species concept, molecular features of
individuals, such as DNA sequences, may be used to distinguish species.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
29.
The biological species concept is applicable to asexually
reproducing species such as bacteria.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
30.
Some introduced species threaten native species with extinction
through hybridization.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
31.
Polyploidy is a common sympatric speciation mechanism in plants.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
32.
Sympatric speciation has only been proposed for plants.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
33.
Pangaea split up into a Southern continent called Laurasia and a
Northern continent called Gondwanaland.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
34.
Generally, rare species are more prone to extinction than common
species.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04
Topic: Evolutionary
Ecology
Chapter 05
Temperature
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Temperature
is perhaps the most important factor in the distribution of organisms because
A.water is scarcer in warmer environments.
B. most
organisms are unable to regulate their body temperature precisely.
C. many organisms are able to grow faster in warmer climates.
D. the metabolic optimum for endothermic animals is in temperate areas.
E. wind amplifies the effect of cool temperatures.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: CO5
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
2. How
do corals react when water temperatures are too high?
A.They leave the shelter of the reef.
B. Corals release water at higher temperatures.
C. Symbiotic
algae living within corals are expelled.
D. They are unable to deposit calcium.
E. Corals are more pigmented at higher temperatures.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: CO5
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
3. The
northern boundary of the distribution of Saguaro cacti is defined by
A.areas
in which temperatures do not drop below freezing.
B. the availability of water year round.
C. the presence of pollinating insects.
D. proximity to coastal environments.
E. the frequency of low-intensity fires.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
4. In
corals, a close correspondence is observed between the limits of distribution
and the __________ isotherm in the _________ month of the year.
A.15°C; coldest
B. 20°C;
coldest
C. 25°C; coldest
D. 20°C; warmest
E. 25°C; warmest
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
5. Animals
which generate their own heat are known as
A.ectotherms.
B. endotherms.
C. homeotherms.
D. heterotherms.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
6. What
is the term for organisms whose body temperatures vary widely with environmental
conditions?
A.ectotherms.
B. endotherms.
C. homeotherms.
D. heterotherms.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
7. Lizards
are generally
A.ectothermic and homeothermic.
B. endothermic and homeothermic.
C. ectothermic
and heterothermmic.
D. endothermic and heterothermic.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
8. The
northern boundary of the wild madder plant corresponds to the ________ January
isotherm.
A.-4°C
B. 4.5°C
C. 10°C
D. 15°C
E. 20°C
Bloom’s: Level 2: Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
9. The
ability to withstand freezing in some plants is due to ________ in their cell
water.
A.glycerol
B. antifreeze
C. sodium
D. potassium
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
10.
Which cyanide producing plant is limited to the warmer areas of
Europe because frost damage releases toxins into its tissues?
A.wild madder
B. Saguaro cacti
C. Colias hecla
D. white
clover
E. Desmodus rotundus
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
11.
The cyanide producing plant, white clover, is limited to the
warmer areas of Europe because
A.extreme cold freezes its roots.
B. frost
damage releases toxins into its tissues.
C. extreme heat produces too many heat shock proteins.
D. extreme heat causes the leaves to wither.
E. extreme cold causes a frost drought
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
12.
The discomfort you feel on a humid day is due to the failure of
A.radiation.
B. conduction.
C. convection.
D. evporation.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
13.
The pattern that, among closely related mammals, the larger
species occur in colder environments is known as
A.Darwin’s rule.
B. Allen’s rule.
C. Cope’s rule.
D. Bergmann’s
rule.
E. Glock’s rule.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
14.
The serotinous cones of the longleaf pine, Pinus palstris, depend
on _________ to release their seeds.
A.day light
B. extended freezes
C. sustained rainfall
D. fire
E. animals
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
15.
Wind-chill refers to heat loss by
A.radiation and conduction.
B. convection and conduction.
C. conduction and evaporation.
D. radiation and convection.
E. evaporation
and convection.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
16.
Heat shock proteins, which prevent misfolded protein aggregates,
can be found in
A.bacteria.
B. plants.
C. invertebrates.
D. mammals.
E. All
of these.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
17.
Cacti survive arid habitats by having
A.few
leaves and large stems which store water.
B. long roots.
C. a rapid annual life cycle which produces heat resistant seeds.
D. both a and c.
E. both a, b and c.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
18.
Apart from central Florida, the highest frequency of
thunderstorms in the U.S is found in.
A.Texas.
B. California.
C. Colorado
D. Connecticut.
E. Oklahoma.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02
Topic: Physiological Ecology
19.
Local variations in climate within a given area are known as
A.miniclimate.
B. macro-climate.
C. microclimate.
D. maxiclimate.
E. None of these.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
20.
What naturally occurring process is responsible for keeping the
earth warm enough to sustain life?
A.Oceanic currents
B. Increasing biodiversity
C. Greenhouse
effect
D. Variable microclimates
E. Atmospheric circulation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
21.
The Earth’s surface releases ________ that is absorbed by the
atmosphere, stabilizing or raising atmospheric temperature.
A. fire
B. ultraviolet radiation
C. near-ultraviolet radiation
D. activation energy
E.
long-wave infrared radiation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
22.
Carbon dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the
atmosphere. What is its current concentration?
A.1.5 ppm
B. 1.75 ppm
C. 395
ppm
D. 560 ppm
E. 700 ppm
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
23.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported in 2007
that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels will nearly double by the end of this
century compared to levels at the end of the 20th century. If this happens,
what will be the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide?
A.1.5 ppm
B. 1.75 ppm
C. 385 ppm
D. 560 ppm
E. 700
ppm
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
24.
Which of the following are atmospheric greenhouse gases?
A.methane
B. carbon dioxide
C. nitrous oxide
D. chlorofluorocarbons
E. all
of the choices
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
25.
What is a major consequence for plants and animals if current
predictions of global warming are accurate?
A.Rates of natural selection will increase at the same pace.
B. New continental land masses will appear.
C. Water will be more widely available for plants and animals.
D. Anticipated
changes in climate will occur faster than many organisms can move or adapt.
E. Many plants and animals will become smaller.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
26.
The most significant greenhouse gas is
A.water
vapor.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. methane.
D. nitrous oxide.
E. chlorofluorocarbons.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
27.
Which gas has the lowest warming potential per unit of gas?
A.carbon
dioxide
B. methane
C. nitrous oxide
D. chlorofluorocarbons
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
28.
Which gas contributes most to global warming?
A.carbon
dioxide
B. methane
C. nitrous oxide
D. chlorofluorocarbons
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
29.
We have good data on atmospheric CO2 concentrations
in Hawaii since
A.1957.
B. 1965.
C. 1973.
D. 1982.
E. 1995.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
30.
Data from Hawaii shows a more than _______% increase in
atmospheric CO2 in just _______ years.
A.10; 20
B. 20;
46
C. 10; 46
D. 20; 20
E. 46; 20
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological Ecology
31.
Compared to the year 2000, how long will it take the atmospheric
levels of CO2 to double?
A.10 years
B. 20 years
C. 50 years
D. by
the end of the 21st century
E. by the end of the 22nd century
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
32.
Sea level rise due to global warming over the past century is
thought to be in the range
A.1-5 cm.
B. 5-10 cm.
C. 10-25
cm.
D. 25-50 cm.
E. 1-3 m.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological Ecology
33.
Studies in Great Britain that compared the northern limit of a
variety of species between the 1960’s and 1990’s showed an average northwards
shift of between
A.5-10 km.
B. 10-20 km.
C. 30-60
km.
D. 75-100 km.
E. > 100 km.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
True / False Questions
34.
Temperature tends to decline with longitude.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
35.
In counter-current heat exchange heat loss is maximized in the
extremities.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
36.
Animal species living in colder environments tend to have
shorter appendages than those living in warmer environments.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
37.
DNA polymerase, used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
comes from the bacteria Thermus
aquaticus.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
38.
The range of the sugar maple could decrease in response to
warming due to climate change.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
39.
The greenhouse effect which warms the earth is natural.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
40.
The movement of plants northward following global warming may be
facilitated by sales from commercial nurseries.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
41.
In a globally warmed world, studies predict that most
predator-prey or insect-plant interactions will still be synchronous.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
42.
Microclimate is a term used to describe local variation in
climatic conditions.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
Matching Questions
43.
Match the life history stage most resistant to heat with its
taxa.
|
1. resting spores |
fungi |
1 |
|
2. cysts |
nematodes |
2 |
|
3. seeds |
plants |
3 |
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
44.
Match the following terms with their definitions.
|
1. convection |
the
emission of electromagnetic waves by the surface of objects. |
3 |
|
2. evaporation |
the
transfer of heat by the movement of adjacent air or water. |
1 |
|
3. radiation |
the loss
of water and heat from plant leaves or an organism’s body. |
2 |
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02
Topic: Physiological
Ecology
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