Egan Fundamentals Of Respiratory Care 10th Edition Kacmarek Stoller – Test Bank
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Sample
Test
Chapter 03: Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which
of the following is/are a potential area of risk to patients receiving
respiratory care?
|
a. |
movement or ambulation |
|
b. |
electrical shock |
|
c. |
fire hazards |
|
d. |
all the above |
ANS: C
The key areas of potential risk are (1) patient movement and
ambulation, (2) electrical hazards, and (3) fire hazards.
DIF:
Recall
REF: p.
42
OBJ: 2| 3
2. Lifting
heavy objects is best done with which of the following techniques?
|
a. |
straight spine, bent legs |
|
b. |
straight spine, straight
legs |
|
c. |
bent spine, bent legs |
|
d. |
bent spine, straight legs |
ANS: A
Note that the correct technique calls for a straight spine and
use of the leg muscles to lift the object.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
42
OBJ: 1
3. Which
of the following factors are most critical in determining when a patient can be
ambulated?
4. willingness
of patient
5. stability
of vital signs
6. absence
of severe pain
|
a. |
2 and 3 |
|
b. |
1 and 2 |
|
c. |
1, 2, and 3 |
|
d. |
1 and 3 |
ANS: A
Ambulation should begin as soon as the patient is physiologically
stable and free of severe pain.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
42
OBJ: 2
4. Which
of the following statements is false about patient ambulation?
|
a. |
Ambulation is necessary for
normal body functioning. |
|
b. |
Patients must be carefully
monitored during ambulation. |
|
c. |
Chairs or emergency
supports must available during ambulation. |
|
d. |
Patients with intravenous
(IV) lines should not be ambulated. |
ANS: D
Place all equipment (e.g., intravenous [IV] equipment, nasogastric
tube, surgical drainage tubes) close to the patient to prevent dislodging
during ambulation.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
42
OBJ: 2
5. Which
of the following parameters should be monitored during ambulation?
6. skin
color
7. breathing
rate and effort
8. level
of consciousness
9. urine
output
|
a. |
1 and 2 |
|
b. |
3 and 4 |
|
c. |
1, 2, and 3 |
|
d. |
1, 2, 3, and 4 |
ANS: C
Skin color, breathing rate and effort, and level of
consciousness provide clues to how well the patient is tolerating ambulation.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
43
OBJ: 2
6. Which
of the following terms describes the power potential behind electrical energy?
|
a. |
voltage |
|
b. |
current |
|
c. |
Ohms |
|
d. |
resistance |
ANS: A
Voltage is the power potential behind the electrical energy.
DIF:
Recall
REF: p.
44
OBJ: 3
7. Which
of the following is used to report electrical current?
|
a. |
Ohms |
|
b. |
voltage |
|
c. |
amps |
|
d. |
cycles |
ANS: C
Current is the flow of electricity from a point of higher
voltage to one of lower voltage and is reported in amperes (or amps).
DIF:
Recall
REF: p.
44
OBJ: 3
8. What
is the primary factor determining the effect of an electrical shock?
|
a. |
current |
|
b. |
temperature |
|
c. |
resistance |
|
d. |
voltage |
ANS: A
It is important to note that current represents the greatest
danger to you or your patients when electrical shorts occur.
DIF:
Recall
REF: p.
45
OBJ: 4
9. Which
of the following is/are key factor(s) determining the extent of harm caused by
an electrical current?
10. duration
for which the current is applied
11. path
the current takes through the body
12. amount
of current flowing through the body
|
a. |
1 and 2 |
|
b. |
2 and 3 |
|
c. |
1, 2, and 3 |
|
d. |
1 and 3 |
ANS: C
The harmful effects of current depend on (1) the amount of
current flowing through the body, (2) the path it takes, and (3) the duration
the current is applied.
OBJ : 4
DIFF: Application
REF : Pg: 45
DIF: Application
REF: p.
45
OBJ: 4
10. If
120 Volts are applied to a system with 1,000 Ohms of resistance, what is the
current?
|
a. |
100 amps |
|
b. |
100 Ohms |
|
c. |
120 milliamps |
|
d. |
120 amps |
ANS: C
The current is now calculated as amps = 120 V/1,000 Ohms = 0.12
amps or 120 milliamps.
DIF:
Analysis REF: p.
45
OBJ: 3
11. Which
of the following organs is the most sensitive to the effects of electrical
shock?
|
a. |
liver |
|
b. |
heart |
|
c. |
kidneys |
|
d. |
lungs |
ANS: B
Because the heart is susceptible to any current level above 100
milliamps, the 120 milliamps represents a potentially fatal shock.
DIF:
Recall
REF: p.
45
OBJ: 4
12. In
which of the following clinical situations is the normally high resistance of
the skin bypassed?
13. in
patients with external pacemaker wires
14. in
patients with saline-filled catheters
15. in
patients with intact, dry skin
|
a. |
2 and 3 |
|
b. |
1, 2, and 3 |
|
c. |
1 and 2 |
|
d. |
3 |
ANS: C
Current can readily flow into the body, causing damage to vital
organs when the skin is bypassed via conductors such as pacemaker wires or
saline-filled intravascular catheters.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
45
OBJ: 4
13. When
a relatively high current (usually greater than 1 mA, or 1/1000 A) is applied
externally to the skin, which of the following conditions exists?
|
a. |
macroshock hazard |
|
b. |
grounding hazard |
|
c. |
microshock hazard |
|
d. |
isolation hazard |
ANS: A
A macroshock exists when a high current (usually greater than 1
milliamp) is applied externally to the skin.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
46
OBJ: 4
14. When
a small, usually imperceptible current (usually less than 1 mA) is allowed to
bypass the skin and follow a direct, low resistance pathway into the body,
which of the following conditions exists?
|
a. |
macroshock hazard |
|
b. |
grounding hazard |
|
c. |
isolation hazard |
|
d. |
microshock hazard |
ANS: D
A microshock exists when a small, usually imperceptible current
(less than 1 milliamp) bypasses the skin and follows a direct, low-resistance
path into the body.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
46
OBJ: 4
15. High
amperage (6 amps or more) applied externally to the skin can cause which of the
following?
16. sustained
myocardial contraction
17. respiratory
paralysis
18. skin
burns
|
a. |
1 and 2 |
|
b. |
2 and 3 |
|
c. |
1, 2, and 3 |
|
d. |
1 and 3 |
ANS: C
Table 3-1 summarizes the different effects of these two types of
electrical shock.
DIF: Recall
REF: p.
47
OBJ: 4
16. Which
of the following currents passing through the chest can cause ventricular
fibrillation, diaphragm dysfunction (due to severe, persistent contraction),
and death?
|
a. |
100 mA |
|
b. |
100 A |
|
c. |
100 mA |
|
d. |
10 mA |
ANS: A
Higher currents (exceeding 100 milliamps [mA]) that pass through
the chest can cause ventricular fibrillation, diaphragm dysfunction (due to
severe, persistent contraction), and death. Table 3-1 summarizes the different
effects of these two types of electrical shock.
DIF:
Analysis REF: p.
45
OBJ: 4
17. What
is the primary purpose of grounding all electrical equipment used in the
hospital setting?
|
a. |
to prevent the dangerous
buildup of voltage in the equipment |
|
b. |
to make the equipment more
secure and less likely to break down |
|
c. |
to avoid excessive energy
costs |
|
d. |
to convert electrical power
from DC to AC |
ANS: A
In these cases, the third (ground) wire prevents the dangerous
buildup of voltage that can occur on the metal frames of some electrical
equipment.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
46
OBJ: 3
18. Where
do most hospital fires initially start?
|
a. |
clinical laboratory |
|
b. |
kitchen |
|
c. |
electrical engineering post |
|
d. |
patient’s room |
ANS: B
About 90% of fires in health care facilities occur in hospitals
and the most common site for the origin of the fire is the kitchen.
DIF:
Recall
REF: p.
47
OBJ: 6
19. Which
of the following is true about fires in oxygen-enriched atmospheres?
20. They
are more difficult to put out.
21. They
burn more quickly.
22. They
burn more intensely
|
a. |
1 and 2 |
|
b. |
2 and 3 |
|
c. |
1 and 3 |
|
d. |
1, 2, and 3 |
ANS: D
Fires in oxygen-enriched atmospheres are larger, more intense,
faster burning, and more difficult to extinguish.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
47
OBJ: 7
20. Which
of the following conditions must be met for a fire to occur?
21. temperature
high enough for combustion
22. presence
of oxygen
23. presence
of flammable material
|
a. |
1 and 2 |
|
b. |
2 and 3 |
|
c. |
1 and 3 |
|
d. |
1, 2, and 3 |
ANS: D
For a fire to start, three conditions must exist: (1) flammable
material must be present, (2) oxygen must be present, and (3) the flammable
material must be heated to or above its ignition temperature.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
48
OBJ: 7
21. Which
of the following statements is/are true regarding the use of oxygen?
22. Oxygen
is flammable.
23. Oxygen
accelerates the rate of combustion.
24. Increased
oxygen concentration accelerates the rate of combustion.
|
a. |
1 and 2 |
|
b. |
2 and 3 |
|
c. |
1 and 3 |
|
d. |
1, 2, and 3 |
ANS: B
Although oxygen is nonflammable, it greatly accelerates the rate
of combustion. Burning speed increases with an increase in either the
concentration or partial pressure of oxygen.
DIF:
Recall
REF: p.
48
OBJ: 7
22. How
can the risk of fire because of static electrical discharge in the presence of
oxygen be minimized?
|
a. |
Use only wool or polyester
fabrics in the area of use. |
|
b. |
Keep oxygen concentrations
well below 21%. |
|
c. |
Maintain high relative
humidity in the area of use. |
|
d. |
Keep oxygen in
high-pressure storage cylinders. |
ANS: C
The minimal risk that may be present can be further reduced by
maintaining high relative humidity (greater than 60%).
DIF: Application
REF: p.
48
OBJ: 7
23. In
the standard approach to hospital fires, the RACE plan has been suggested. What
does the letter “C” stand for in this approach?
|
a. |
capture |
|
b. |
contain |
|
c. |
call for help |
|
d. |
collapse |
ANS: B
The third step is to contain the fire as much as possible by
closing doors and turning oxygen zone valves off.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
48
OBJ: 7
24. Nonverbal
communication includes all of the following except:
|
a. |
gesture |
|
b. |
touch |
|
c. |
discussion |
|
d. |
space |
ANS: C
Nonverbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions,
eye movements and contact, voice tone, space, and touch.
DIF:
Recall
REF: p.
49
OBJ: 9
25. Which
of the following components of communication is a method used to transmit
messages?
|
a. |
sender |
|
b. |
channel |
|
c. |
receiver |
|
d. |
feedback |
ANS: B
The channel of communication is the method used to transmit
messages.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
49
OBJ: 9
26. Which
of the following is a method for communicating empathy to your patients?
27. use
of touch
28. use
of key words
29. use
of eye contact
30. use
of the authority
|
a. |
1, 2, and 3 |
|
b. |
1 and 3 |
|
c. |
1, 2, 3, and 4 |
|
d. |
2, 3, and 4 |
ANS: A
The use of touch and proper eye contact can demonstrate genuine
concern for your patient. Key words and phrases such as “I understand” can let
the patient know you are listening and interested.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
50
OBJ: 9
27. Which
of the following factors can have an impact on the outcomes of therapeutic
communication between patient and practitioner?
28. verbal
and nonverbal components of expression
29. environmental
factors (e.g., noise, privacy)
30. values
and beliefs of both patient and practitioner
31. sensory
and emotional factors (e.g., fear, pain)
|
a. |
1, 2, and 3 |
|
b. |
1 and 3 |
|
c. |
1, 2, 3, and 4 |
|
d. |
2, 3, and 4 |
ANS: C
Many factors affect communication in the health care setting
(Figure 3-11).
DIF: Application
REF: p.
50
OBJ: 9
28. Basic
purposes of communication include all of the following except:
|
a. |
change others’ values
orientation |
|
b. |
obtain or relay information |
|
c. |
give instructions (teach) |
|
d. |
persuade others to take
action |
ANS: A
Key purposes of communication are summarized in Box 3-1.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 51
OBJ: 11
29. All
of the following techniques can be used to improve one’s effectiveness as a
sender of messages except:
|
a. |
share information rather
than telling |
|
b. |
emphasize agreement over
disagreement |
|
c. |
eliminate threatening
behavior |
|
d. |
use effective nonverbal
communication |
ANS: B
Others will not always agree with what you say. Do not become
defensive when others disagree with you; simply try to understand their
perspective and be open to their input.
DIF: Application REF:
p.
52
OBJ: 12
30. All
of the following techniques can be used to improve one’s listening skills
except:
|
a. |
resist distractions |
|
b. |
maintain composure and
control emotions |
|
c. |
keep an open mind (be
objective) |
|
d. |
judge the sender’s delivery,
not the content |
ANS: D
The content of what is being said is the issue to focus on. How
it is delivered is not that important. Some people are more articulate than
others but the message is most important.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
52
OBJ: 12
31. Maintaining
eye contact, leaning toward the patient, and nodding your head are all good
examples of what communication technique?
|
a. |
clarifying |
|
b. |
empathizing |
|
c. |
attending |
|
d. |
reflecting |
ANS: C
Attending involves the use of gestures and posture that
communicate one’s attentiveness. Attending also involves confirming remarks
such as, “I see what you mean.”
DIF: Application
REF: p.
52
OBJ: 12
32. Techniques
to help ensure that understanding is taking place between the parties involved
in an interaction include which of the following?
33. clarifying
34. paraphrasing
35. perception
checking
36. attending
|
a. |
1, 2, and 3 |
|
b. |
1 and 3 |
|
c. |
1, 2, 3, and 4 |
|
d. |
2, 3, and 4 |
ANS: C
All four techniques can be useful to enhance communication.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
52
OBJ: 12
33. A
therapist who says “Please explain that to me again” to a patient during an
interview is using what interpersonal communication technique?
|
a. |
clarifying |
|
b. |
paraphrasing |
|
c. |
perception checking |
|
d. |
reflecting feelings |
ANS: A
Requesting clarification lets the patient know you are trying to
understand him or her.
DIF:
Recall
REF: p. 52
OBJ: 12
34. A
patient’s response to an interview question is initially unclear. Which of the
following responses on your part would be most appropriate?
|
a. |
“Please go on.” |
|
b. |
“You seem to be anxious.” |
|
c. |
“Please explain that to me again.” |
|
d. |
“Yes, I think I
understand.” |
ANS: C
Requesting clarification is done by asking the patient to
explain his or her thought again.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
52
OBJ: 12
35. A
therapist who says “You seem to be anxious about your surgery” to a patient
just admitted for bypass surgery is using what interpersonal communication
technique?
|
a. |
clarifying |
|
b. |
paraphrasing |
|
c. |
perception checking |
|
d. |
reflecting feelings |
ANS: D
Reflecting feelings is the process of telling patients about how
you perceive their feelings. It encourages patients to discuss their feelings
further.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
53
OBJ: 11
36. Key
barriers to effective interpersonal communication include all of the following
except:
|
a. |
use of symbols or words
with different meanings |
|
b. |
value systems that are
different or not accepted |
|
c. |
similar perceptions of the
problem |
|
d. |
feelings of personal
insecurity by one or both parties |
ANS: C
Similar perceptions of the problem promote communication and are
not a barrier.
DIF: Application
REF: p.
52
OBJ: 13
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