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Sample Test

 Chapter 03

Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) You and your partner arrive on the scene of a 400-pound patient lying in bed. He complains of
nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days. When he tries to sit up, he gets very dizzy and has a
syncopal episode. Realizing that he cannot assist you in getting on the stretcher, you decide to do
which of the following?
1)
A) Call for additional manpower to move the patient.
B) Use the power lift technique to carefully and safely lift the patient to the stretcher.
C) Use the patient’s sheets to slide him over to the stretcher.
D) Place the patient on a backboard to provide better gripping points to move the patient.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. For the safety of the EMTs and the patient, additional manpower is
required.
B) INCORRECT. Two rescuers trying to move 400 pounds is not safe, regardless of
proper body mechanics or lifting technique.
C) INCORRECT. The patient’s sheets are not designed to hold a person’s body weight
and could tear, causing injury to the patient.
D) INCORRECT. Using a backboard and proper lifting techniques can prove useful;
however, because the patient is over 400 pounds, he is simply too heavy for two
people to safely lift.
2) When placing all fingers and the palm in contact with the object being lifted, you are using which
of the following?
2)
A) Power lift B) Vise grip C) Lock grip D) Power grip
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The term power lift refers to the maneuvering of weight, not the
method used to hold it.
B) INCORRECT. A vise grip is a type of tool, it is not associated with lifting
techniques.
C) INCORRECT. Placing the entire palm and all fingers in contact with the object is
not called a lock grip.
D) CORRECT. Using a power grip means gripping with as much hand surface as
possible in contact with the object being lifted.
1
3) What is the main benefit of using a stair chair with a track-like system over a traditional stair chair? 3)
A) There is no benefit of a track-like stair chair over a traditional stair chair.
B) Only one EMT is required to operate a stair chair with a track-like system.
C) A stair chair with a track-like system prevents the patient from having to be lifted down
stairs.
D) A stair chair with a track-like system can be manipulated to lift into an ambulance using a
hydraulic system.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The track-like stair chair has several safety benefits over a
traditional stair chair.
B) INCORRECT. At least two EMTs are required to safely move a patient using a stair
chair with a track-like system.
C) CORRECT. Stair chairs with a track-like system allow EMTs to gently slide the
patient down a staircase at a controlled speed instead of lifting her.
D) INCORRECT. Stair chairs are used to move patients down stairs to a wheeled
stretcher for transport, not into an ambulance.
4) Which of the following should you use when you want to move a patient from a wheelchair to a
stretcher?
4)
A) Clothing lift B) Ground transfer
C) Modified direct lift D) Extremity lift
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Lifting a patient from a wheelchair to a stretcher using their clothes
is unsafe and could cause injury to the patient or the EMT.
B) INCORRECT. No type of ground lift technique would be appropriate for a patient
seated in a wheelchair.
C) INCORRECT. There is no accepted patient movement technique known as a
modified direct lift.
D) CORRECT. An extremity lift is used to move a seated patient with no suspected
spine or extremity injuries to a stretcher.
5) Which of the following devices should be used to carry a patient down the stairs whenever
possible?
5)
A) Stair chair B) Wheeled ambulance stretcher
C) Basket stretcher D) Scoop stretcher
Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. When appropriate, a stair chair is an excellent way to move a patient
down stairs.
B) INCORRECT. A wheeled ambulance stretcher would be too cumbersome and
dangerous on a staircase to be considered as the best option.
C) INCORRECT. Basket stretchers are used to move patients over rough terrain and
would generally not be used on stairs.
D) INCORRECT. A scoop stretcher is used for lifting a patient from the ground to a
wheeled stretcher.
2
6) Which of the following should you do when reaching for something? 6)
A) Avoid twisting.
B) Keep your back in a locked-in position.
C) Avoid reaching more than 15 to 20 inches in front of your body.
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Following proper body mechanics, a person should avoid twisting
while reaching for an object, but that is not the only consideration.
B) INCORRECT. When reaching, an EMT should keep her back in a locked-in
position, but that is not the only consideration.
C) INCORRECT. To prevent injury, rescuers should avoid reaching more than 15-20
inches in front of their bodies, but that is not the only consideration.
D) CORRECT. To safely reach for an object, an EMT should keep his back in a
locked-in position; avoid twisting; and avoid reaching more than 15 to 20 in front
of his body.
7) When lifting a patient, a basic principle is to: 7)
A) know your lifting limits. B) rush your lift to minimize your lift time.
C) extend your arms to maximize your lift. D) lift with your lower back.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. It is important for the EMT to know their own — and their partner’s —
physical limits.
B) INCORRECT. Never hurry a patient lift; consider all safety factors and ensure
proper body mechanics.
C) INCORRECT. When lifting a patient, your arms should be kept as close as possible
to the body when lifting; the farther the reach, the greater the chances for injury.
D) INCORRECT. To avoid injury, lift with the legs and not the lower back.
8) You respond to a 48-year-old morbidly obese female patient. Her adult daughter called you
because she has not gotten up from her oversized recliner chair in over a week. She has tried to
help her out of the chair but states that each time her mother screams in agony. The foul odor
presence of urine and feces is strong around the patient. Her feet do not touch the ground, and any
attempt to lift the patient by her arms or scoot her down to the end of the chair results in severe
pain to the patient. You are finding it nearly impossible to get a good grip on the patient. How will
you get her out of the chair?
8)
A) Vest-type extrication device
B) Long spine board
C) Soft stretcher
D) Lie the chair back and use a scoop stretcher
Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. Vest-type extrication devices are designed to assist in moving patients
from the seated position, so it is the best choice.
B) INCORRECT. The patient’s weight, positioning and pain level would make the
long spine board inappropriate in this situation.
C) INCORRECT. Because of her prolonged time in one position in the chair, and her
pain in moving, the patient will be extremely difficult to roll enough to get a soft
stretcher under her properly.
D) INCORRECT. The recliner will not be able to recline far enough back, and the arms
of the recliner will make a scoop stretcher impractical.
3
9) Which of the following best describes an urgent move? 9)
A) Using a sheet to move a patient from a bed to the stretcher
B) Pulling a patient by her feet across a parking lot
C) Dragging a patient from a burning house using his shirt
D) Moving a patient from a car directly to a long spine board
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Moving a patient from a bed to a stretcher would be considered a
non-urgent move.
B) INCORRECT. A foot drag is a move that should only be considered in emergent
situations.
C) INCORRECT. Dragging a patient from a burning house would be considered an
emergency move, since the life-threatening nature of the situation wouldn’t allow
for any spinal precautions.
D) CORRECT. Urgent moves are used when the patient must be moved rapidly but
there is time to provide quick, temporary consideration toward preventing or
aggravating spinal injury.
10) How far apart should your hands be when using a power grip? 10)
A) 10 inches B) 15 inches C) 6 inches D) 24 inches
Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. When possible while using the power grip, keep your hands at least 10
inches apart.
B) INCORRECT. The hands should not be 15 inches apart when using the power grip.
C) INCORRECT. At 6 inches, the hands would be too close together for a proper
power grip.
D) INCORRECT. 24 inches is too far to keep hands apart for an appropriate power
grip.
11) When a stretcher with a patient secured to it is elevated, what occurs? 11)
A) The patient feels more comfortable being at near normal height.
B) The center of gravity is raised and this causes a tip hazard.
C) The EMTs lessen the possibility of injury from being bent over the patient.
D) The stretcher is more stable and easily pushed.
Answer: B
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. When patients are being moved, they generally feel less safe the
higher they are positioned.
B) CORRECT. Wheeling a stretcher in the elevated position raises the center of
gravity, making it easier for the stretcher to tip over.
C) INCORRECT. As long as the EMTs are using proper body mechanics, moving a
lowered stretcher does not increase the possibility of injury.
D) INCORRECT. A wheeled stretcher is most stable when closest to the ground.
12) Which of the following is NOT correct when performing a log roll? 12)
A) Lean forward from the hips. B) Keep your back straight.
C) Place both feet flat on the ground. D) Use your shoulder muscles.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Leaning forward from the hips is the correct log roll technique.
B) INCORRECT. The EMTs should keep their backs straight when log rolling a
patient.
C) CORRECT. The EMTs should be on their knees when performing a log roll.
D) INCORRECT. When performing a log roll, providers should utilize their shoulder
muscles.
4
13) Which of the following patients should NOT be transported in a stair chair? 13)
A) Patient with difficulty breathing B) Patient found lying in bed
C) Patient who is nauseated D) Patient with a suspected spinal injury
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. A patient who is having difficulty breathing would benefit from the
upright position of a stair chair.
B) INCORRECT. A stair chair may be appropriate for a patient found lying on a bed;
it depends on other physical factors.
C) INCORRECT. A seated position can sometimes help make a nauseous patient more
comfortable.
D) CORRECT. A stair chair should never be used for a patient with a neck or spinal
injury; it will not adequately prevent further injury.
14) You are called to the scene of a patient who fell approximately 5 feet off a stepladder to the floor of
a third-story attic of a very old building. He is complaining of severe neck and back pain, and he
has an obvious fractured ankle. You cannot get your stretcher past the first-floor stairs and your
long spine board is not practical with the winding spiral staircase and the small attic access. What is
the best device to safely get the patient out of the attic where he can be properly immobilized?
14)
A) Flexible stretcher B) Stair chair
C) Scoop stretcher D) Vest-type extrication device
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Although the flexible stretcher may fit into the confined space, it
would not provide any immobilization for the potential spinal injury.
B) INCORRECT. The stair chair would be too cumbersome to use to move the patient
from the attic and it would provide no spinal protection.
C) INCORRECT. A scoop stretcher does not provide any spinal protection to the
patient and will most likely not fit through the narrow attic access.
D) CORRECT. A vest-type extrication device, normally used to immobilize seated
patients following vehicle collisions, will provide spinal protection while also
allowing some flexibility in moving the patient through the attic opening.
15) You respond to the scene of a two-vehicle T-bone vehicle collision. The driver’s side door is
smashed shut and will not open. The front passenger door will open. The front passenger is stable
and complaining of severe head and neck pain. You suspect that he has a potential spinal injury.
The driver is unresponsive, in critical condition, and has gurgling respirations. You should extricate
the passenger by which technique?
15)
A) Carefully move the patient using full c-spine precautions.
B) Move the patient out of the car as quickly as possible, in the direction of the long axis of the
body.
C) Take extra care to protect the passenger’s neck with a KED board or short spine board because
of the injury.
D) Move the patient as quickly as possible so he can get to a hospital before paralysis sets in.
Answer: B
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. An emergency move is indicated because the EMT needs to reach
the other patient who is critical.
B) CORRECT. When an emergency move is performed, a complication is the possible
aggravation of a spinal injury. Therefore, the patient should be moved in the
direction of the long axis of the body to minimize potential complications.
C) INCORRECT. An emergency move is done without a KED board, short board, or
full c-spine precautions.
D) INCORRECT. Moving the patient as quickly as possible will only increase the risk
of paralysis.
5
16) What is the preferred number of rescuers when using a stair chair? 16)
A) Three: two lifting and one spotting B) Two: one in front and one in back
C) Only one with the track-like chair D) Four: one for each corner of the device
Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. When using a stair chair, it is best to have two rescuers to carry it and a
third be a spotter.
B) INCORRECT. Although two rescuers can manage a stair chair, it is not ideal.
C) INCORRECT. Even when using a stair chair with the track-like system, one
rescuer is never enough.
D) INCORRECT. Four rescuers are too many when trying to navigate a staircase with
a stair chair.
17) The term body mechanics describes the proper use of your body to lift without injury. What are the
three considerations to review before any lift?
17)
A) Equipment, patient injury, and communication
B) The object, your limitations, and communication
C) Environment, physical limitations, and communication
D) The object, patient injury, and communication
Answer: B
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. When focusing on proper body mechanics, equipment and the
patient’s injury are not necessarily things to consider prior to beginning a lift.
B) CORRECT. Body mechanics refers to the proper use of the body to prevent injury
and to facilitate lifting and moving. The object to be lifted, the limitations of the
lifters, and effective communication should all be considered before the move.
C) INCORRECT. Although the environment is important to consider from a safety
perspective, it is not related to proper body mechanics.
D) INCORRECT. A patient’s injury is not really relevant to proper body mechanics
when considering a move.
18) Which of the following is another name for an ambulance cot? 18)
A) Reeve’s stretcher B) Scoop stretcher
C) Stair chair D) Wheeled ambulance stretcher
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Reeve’s stretchers, also called flexible stretchers, are essentially large
fabric sheets with carry handles used for carrying patients through narrow spaces.
B) INCORRECT. Scoop stretchers are designed to lift patients from the ground or
floor so they can be moved to an ambulance cot.
C) INCORRECT. A stair chair is a device used to move patients down stairs and to an
ambulance cot.
D) CORRECT. Commonly referred to simply as the stretcher, cot, or litter, wheeled
ambulance stretchers are found in the back of every ambulance.
6
19) Which of the methods listed below is best described as moving a patient from the floor to a
stretcher by having two or more rescuers kneel, curl the patient to their chests, stand, and then
reverse the process to place the patient on the stretcher?
19)
A) Draw-sheet method B) Direct carry
C) Direct ground lift D) Power lift
Answer: C
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The method of transferring a patient from a bed to the stretcher by
grasping and pulling the loosened bottom sheet of the bed is known as the
draw-sheet method.
B) INCORRECT. A direct carry is performed to move a patient with no suspected
spine injury from a bed or from a bed-level position to a stretcher.
C) CORRECT. A direct ground lift is performed when a patient with no suspected
spine injury needs to be lifted from the ground to a stretcher.
D) INCORRECT. The power lift is used when lifting weight from a squatting position.
20) You are treating an unconscious patient who does not have a possibility of spinal injury and who is
breathing adequately. Which of the following is the BEST position for transporting the patient?
20)
A) Semi-Fowler position B) Fowler position
C) Recovery position D) Supine
Answer: C
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The semi-Fowler position would not be best for transporting this
unresponsive patient since it would be more difficult to protect the airway in the
event of vomiting.
B) INCORRECT. The fully inclined Fowler position would not be appropriate for an
unconscious patient; the patient’s head could fall forward and compromise the
airway.
C) CORRECT. Unresponsive patients with no suspected spine injury should be placed
in the recovery position.
D) INCORRECT. The supine position is for conscious patients who are believed to be
in shock and could potentially compromise the airway of this patient.
21) You have responded to a nursing home and find an elderly patient in his bed in cardiac arrest.
Which type of move would you perform to get the patient to a hard surface so you can perform
chest compressions?
21)
A) Emergency move B) Non-urgent move
C) Clothing drag D) Urgent move
Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. Since this patient needs to be repositioned for CPR, an emergency
move would be most appropriate.
B) INCORRECT. Since the patient is suffering from a life-threatening condition,
taking the time to perform a non-urgent move is inappropriate.
C) INCORRECT. Using a clothing drag to move this patient from the bed would be
unnecessary since other personnel would be present to assist.
D) INCORRECT. An urgent move would not be used to reposition a patient for CPR.
7
22) For a patient without a possibility of spinal injury, which of the following carries should be used to
move him from a bed to a stretcher?
22)
A) Extremity lift B) Direct-ground lift
C) Firefighter’s carry D) Draw-sheet method
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. An extremity lift is used to carry a patient with no suspected spine
or extremity injuries to a stretcher or a stair chair. It can be used to lift a patient
from the ground or from a sitting position.
B) INCORRECT. A direct ground lift is performed when a patient with no suspected
spine injury needs to be lifted from the ground to a stretcher.
C) INCORRECT. The firefighter’s carry is an emergency move and completely
unnecessary in this situation.
D) CORRECT. The draw-sheet method is used when a patient with no suspected
spine injury must be moved from a bed to a stretcher.
23) You respond to a call at a park where you find a 550-pound patient who has fallen down a slope
near a creek. As you and your partner discuss the situation, you decide to call a second unit for
lifting assistance. Once the patient is on a stretcher, how would the additional two personnel help
in this lift?
23)
A) You will place two persons at the head of the stretcher, one at the foot, and one to act as a
spotter.
B) You will place two persons at the foot, one at the head, and the other to act as a safety anchor
with a rope.
C) You place one person on each corner of the stretcher to balance the weight and share in the
lifting.
D) They would position themselves half way up the slope to take over when you and your
partner get fatigued.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. With two EMTs at one end and one at the other, the uneven weight
distribution would make this lift dangerous to the patient and the rescuers.
B) INCORRECT. Patients should always be carried by an even number of rescuers,
with the weight distributed evenly among them.
C) CORRECT. If there are four rescuers available, one person should take each corner
of the stretcher.
D) INCORRECT. It would be very unsafe to have two EMTs attempt to carry a
550-pound patient.
24) If the weight being pulled is below the level of the EMT’s waist, he should be in a(n) ________
position.
24)
A) feet-together B) squatting C) overhead D) kneeling
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Attempting to pull weight that is below waist level while keeping
the feet together is not proper body mechanics and could result in injuries.
B) INCORRECT. Squatting while trying to pull weight will not allow proper leverage
and could cause injuries.
C) INCORRECT. EMTs should always avoid pushing or pulling anything that is in an
overhead position.
D) CORRECT. If the weight is below waist level, always pull from a kneeling position.
8
25) Which of the following is used to immobilize a patient with a suspected spinal injury? 25)
A) Long backboard B) Basket stretcher
C) Scoop stretcher D) Portable stretcher
Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. A long backboard is rigid and specifically designed for spinal
immobilization.
B) INCORRECT. Patients with suspected spinal injuries need to be transported with
adequate support of the head, neck and back; a basket stretcher would not be
appropriate.
C) INCORRECT. Scoop stretchers offer no support of the patient’s spine and would
not be sufficient for immobilization.
D) INCORRECT. A portable stretcher does not have the stability required to properly
immobilize a patient’s spine.
26) Which urgent move should be performed for a patient seated in a vehicle? 26)
A) Rapid immobilization B) Rapid extrication
C) Rapid takeout D) Rapid takedown
Answer: B
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The term rapid immobilization indicates that the patient is being
immobilized rather than moved.
B) CORRECT. The rapid extrication procedure should be used if the patient has
critical injuries and taking the time to immobilize him with a short backboard or
vest while he is still in the car may cause a deadly delay.
C) INCORRECT. There is no urgent move commonly referred to as a rapid takeout.
D) INCORRECT. A rapid takedown would not be appropriate for a patient seated in a
vehicle.
27) Which of the following is the correct position of an EMT’s feet when lifting? 27)
A) As wide apart as possible B) Two feet apart
C) As close together as possible D) Shoulder-width apart
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Having the feet too wide apart does not allow for safe movement
once the patient has been lifted.
B) INCORRECT. The actual distance between the feet is completely dependent on the
body size and shape of the EMT; a measured distance would not be appropriate
for all EMTs.
C) INCORRECT. Keeping the feet too close together does not allow for proper balance
and can result in injury.
D) CORRECT. Feet should be on a firm, level surface and positioned shoulder-width
apart.
9
28) What type of move should the EMT use to move a patient who is in a car that has started to burn? 28)
A) No attempt to move B) Urgent move
C) Non-urgent move D) Emergency move
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Every reasonable attempt should be made to move a patient out of a
life-threatening environment.
B) INCORRECT. An urgent move would not be recommended because there would
be no time to consider spinal precautions for a patient in a burning car.
C) INCORRECT. Since the patient’s life is in immediate danger from the fire, a
non-urgent move would not be used.
D) CORRECT. When a patient must be immediately removed from the current
environment in order to prevent death, an emergency move would be used.
29) Which of the following devices is best suited for maneuvering a patient through a narrow hallway? 29)
A) Long backboard B) Wheeled stretcher
C) Basket stretcher D) Flexible stretcher
Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Although it can be used to maneuver a patient through a narrow
space, long backboards are not the best option.
B) INCORRECT. A wheeled stretcher can be cumbersome to move through narrow
areas.
C) INCORRECT. When moving a patient through a narrow hall, a basket stretcher
could be used but it wouldn’t be a rescuer’s first choice.
D) CORRECT. Because of its flexibility, a Reeves (flexible) stretcher can be very useful
in restricted areas or narrow hallways.
30) You have responded to a multiple casualty incident involving an overturned bus. Patients have
been thrown around the interior of the bus and several are piled on top of each other. What type of
move would you perform to gain access to the most critically injured patients?
30)
A) Emergency move B) Extremity lift
C) Urgent move D) Non-urgent move
Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. When there are patients at the scene requiring care for life-threatening
problems, you may have to perform emergency moves on other patients who are
blocking access.
B) INCORRECT. Extremity lifts are used to move patients with no suspected spinal
injuries to carrying devices.
C) INCORRECT. The importance of reaching the critical patients quickly would not
allow rescuers to consider spinal precautions for those needing to be moved out of
the way.
D) INCORRECT. With critical patients that need to be accessed, there is not enough
time to perform non-urgent moves.
10
31) How many pounds are most battery-powered hydraulic systems rated to safely lift? 31)
A) 500 B) 700 C) 200 D) 300
Answer: B
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Although a battery-powered stretcher that can lift up to 500 pounds
would be useful, most are rated to lift even more than that.
B) CORRECT. Most battery-powered hydraulic stretchers will lift patients up to 700
pounds.
C) INCORRECT. A hydraulic stretcher that could only lift up to 200 pounds would