Environmental Science A Global Concern 12Th Edition by William Cunningham – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 03
Matter, Energy, and Life
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Ecologists
study
A.Living things and their genetic makeup
B. Genetic patterns and the chemistry in them
C. The physical world and its processes
D. The Earth and its processes
E. Relationships
between organisms and their environment
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.01
Topic: Ecology
2. How
are matter and mass related?
A.Mass
is a component of matter
B. Neither matter nor mass take up space
C. Matter is a component of mass
D. Both matter and mass take up space
E. Mass takes up space while matter does not take up space
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
3. Water
vapor, water and ice are examples of
A.Types of matter
B. Phases
of matter
C. Transfers of energy into matter
D. Forms of energy
E. Types of mass
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
4. What
implication(s) does the law of conservation of matter have for humans?
A.We cannot create energy because it is neither created nor destroyed
B. As matter is recycled it loses some of its integrity so we need to be
careful when we dispose of goods
C. Natural resources are unlimited because they are used and reused by
living organisms
D. Disposable
goods are not going “away” when we throw them out
E. All of these are implications of the law of conservation of matter
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
5. The
law of conservation of matter tells us that matter
A.Can never be reused
B. Needs to be conserved or it will not be available for future
generations
C. Can be destroyed
D. Can be conserved by some adaptive strategies
E. Is
used repeatedly
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
6. The
smallest particle that exhibits the characteristics of a chemical element is
known as a(n)
A.Molecule
B. Microorganism
C. Atom
D. Phase of matter
E. Isotope
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
7. A compound
is to a(n) _________ as a word is to a ________.
A.Element; sentence
B. Isotope; sentence
C. Atom;
letter
D. Molecule; punctuation mark
E. Element; phrase
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
8. In
chemical terms water (H2O) would best be
described as a(n)
A. Element
B. Atom
C. Ion
D.
Compound
E. Isotope
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
9. Which
of the following is not a molecule?
A. O3
B. O2
C. H2O
D. C6H12O6
E.
Na+
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
10.
Which of the following statements changes the following false
statement into a true statement? “Most, but not all, living organisms are made
up of organic compounds.”
A.All
living organisms are made up of organic compounds
B. All living organisms are made up of only inorganic compounds
C. Most, but not all, living organisms are made up of inorganic compounds
D. Most, but not all, living organisms are made up of organic elements
E. Most, but not all, living organisms are made up of inorganic elements
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
11.
The distinction between an organic compound and an inorganic
compound is that organic compounds contain
A.Oxygen
B. Water
C. Carbon
D. Nitrogen
E. All of these are correct
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
12.
A fat or oil is to a _______ as an enzyme is to a _______.
A.Nucleic acid; lipid
B. Protein; nucleic acid
C. Nucleic acid; carbohydrate
D. Carbohydrate; protein
E. Lipid;
protein
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
13.
Nucleic acid is to _______ as lipid is to _______.
A.Cellular membrane structure; energy storage
B. Cellulose structure; genetic storage
C. Energy storage; cellulose structure
D. Genetic
storage; cellular membrane structure
E. Energy storage; genetic storage
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
14.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains billions of atoms and is
very large. It would be considered a(n)
A.Element
B. Enzyme
C. Compound
D. Mega-atom
E. Isotope
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
15.
A cell is
A.The smallest molecule exhibiting organic characteristics
B. A building block for DNA
C. A small organic compound made of carbon, water and nitrogen
D. Made up of DNA
E. The
smallest unit in which life processes go on
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
16.
A(n) ________ is like a screwdriver that you use to build
something because it ______________.
A.Enzyme;
does not get consumed as it is used
B. Molecule; organizes pieces together to form something different
C. Lipid; provides the structure and form of the piece you are building
D. Sugar; provides the energy to put something together
E. The analogy of a screwdriver can be applied to each of these examples
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
17.
Metabolism is a collective term for thousands of
A.Organic compounds in a cell
B. Enzymatic
reactions necessary for life
C. Molecular reactions in a compound
D. Cells in an organism
E. Molecular reactions in a cell
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
18.
Which of the following is a form of energy?
A.Electricity
B. Food
C. Heat
D. Light
E. All
of these are forms of energy
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.02
Topic: Energy
19.
Potential energy is _______ energy.
A.Electrical
B. Motion
C. Stored
D. Heat
E. Latent
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.02
Topic: Energy
20.
The motion of a rock rolling downhill is known as __________
energy.
A.Kinetic
B. Latent
C. Potential
D. Electrical
E. Mechanical
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.02
Topic: Energy
21.
Which of the following has the highest quality energy?
A.A warm brick
B. A
flame
C. A flowing stream
D. A rock rolling downhill
E. Hot air
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.02
Topic: Energy
22.
The first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of
matter are similar in that
A.Under
normal circumstances neither energy nor matter is created nor destroyed
B. Both energy and matter are recycled through biological systems
C. Both energy and matter flow in a one-way path through biological
systems
D. Under normal circumstances energy and matter are destroyed as they pass
through biological systems
E. The first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of matter
are not similar
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.02
Topic: Energy
23.
The second law of thermodynamics states that as energy moves
through different forms and systems it gradually
A. Becomes more concentrated
B.
Dissipates and becomes unavailable
C. Disappears and is lost
D. Accumulates in the form of electricity
E. Changes from kinetic to potential energy
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.02
Topic: Energy
24.
As energy is used and transformed it gradually becomes _______
quality and _______ concentrated.
A.Higher; more
B. Lower; more
C. Higher; less
D. Lower;
less
E. As energy is used it does not become transformed; there is no change in
quality and it stays the same concentration
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.02
Topic: Energy
25.
What implication(s) does the second law of thermodynamics have
for biological systems?
A.Systems cannot create energy because it is neither created nor destroyed
B. With each transformation less available energy is available to do work
so older systems have less energy
C. A
constant supply of energy is necessary for maintenance of biological systems
D. Energy is unlimited because it is used and reused by living organisms
E. None of these is an implication of the second law of thermodynamics
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Topic: Energy
26.
Photosynthesis is the process of converting __________ into
__________ energy.
A.Chemical bond energy; kinetic
B. Sunlight;
chemical bond
C. Solar energy; kinetic
D. Solar electrical energy; heat
E. Chemical bond energy; potential
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.03
Topic: Photosynthesis
27.
On the electromagnetic spectrum of energy wavelengths, visible
light falls nearest to
A.Gamma radiation
B. Radio waves
C. Infrared
radiation
D. X-rays
E. Microwaves
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.03
Topic: Photosynthesis
28.
About ___________ percent of the solar energy that falls on
plants is captured for photosynthesis.
A.100
B. 60 – 70
C. 40 – 50
D. 10 – 20
E. 1
– 2
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.03
Topic: Photosynthesis
29.
Photosynthesis produces sugars from
A.Water,
carbon dioxide and energy
B. Water, other sugars and oxygen
C. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and water
D. Carbon dioxide, enzymes and energy
E. Oxygen, water and energy
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.03
Topic: Photosynthesis
30.
The process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are
similar in that they both
A.Capture energy in the form of sugar
B. Occur in all living organisms
C. Store
energy in ATP, an energy currency for the cell
D. Capture energy from the sun
E. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are not similar, they are
opposite processes
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.03
Topic: Respiration
31.
The process of cellular respiration
A.Helps primary producers store energy accumulated by chloroplasts
B. Releases
energy from chemical bonds of molecules such as glucose
C. Eliminates the need for enzymes in metabolism
D. Does not occur in primary producers
E. Does not occur in detritivores
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.03
Topic: Respiration
32.
Producers rely on ____________ to release chemical energy and
consumers rely on ____________ to release chemical energy.
A.Cellular respiration; photosynthesis
B. Cellular
respiration; cellular respiration
C. Photosynthesis; cellular respiration
D. Photosynthesis; photosynthesis
E. The sun; the sun
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.03
Topic: Respiration
33.
Although there are exceptions, in general, a species includes
all organisms that are similar enough to
A.Produce
fertile offspring in nature
B. Look alike
C. Fill the same niche
D. Occupy the same community
E. Live together
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
34.
All members of a species that live in the same area at the same
time make up a(an)
A.Species
B. Ecosystem
C. Community
D. Population
E. Biome
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
35.
A biological community consists of all
A.Populations
living and interacting in an area
B. Members of a species living in the same area
C. Living things on Earth
D. Populations of a given species
E. Members of a species living in the same biome
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
36.
An ecosystem consists of
A.A physical environment within which a biological community lives
B. The species with which a biological community interacts
C. A
biological community and its physical environment
D. The primary producers within a biological community
E. All the species in a biological community
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
37.
If an ecosystem exchanges both matter and energy with its
surroundings, it would be referred to as a(n) ______ system.
A.Closed
B. Open
C. Dynamic
D. Isolated
E. Interactive
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
38.
Many ecologists think of ecosystems and even the Earth as a
superorganism because its systems appear to be
A.Unregulated
B. Self-regulating
and self-stabilizing
C. Completely unpredictable
D. Unchangeable
E. Hierarchical
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
39.
Productivity in an ecosystem has to do with
A.The efficiency of its primary producers
B. The number of different species living in the ecosystem
C. Its longevity
D. The combined metabolic rate of the biological communities
E. Its
rate of producing biomass
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
40.
How can a highly productive ecosystem (high total productivity)
have a low net productivity?
A.The
rate of decomposition is high
B. The rate of secondary productivity is high
C. The rate of photosynthesis is low
D. The rate of decomposition is low
E. The rate of secondary productivity is low
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
41.
Biomass includes all
A.Material in an ecosystem
B. Things that are living at a given time
C. Living and nonliving things
D. Matter produced by primary producers
E. Biological
material
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
42.
A simple linked feeding series such as grass-rabbit-wolf is
known as a(n)
A.Energy cycle
B. Food web
C. Carbon cycle
D. Food
chain
E. Food cycle
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
43.
Primary consumers are also known as
A.Carnivores
B. Scavengers
C. Decomposers
D. Herbivores
E. Top carnivores
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
44.
Omnivores eat mainly
A.Detritivores
B. Plants
C. Animals
D. Dead plants and animals
E. Plants
and animals
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
45.
Detritivores, scavengers and decomposers are all similar in that
they
A.Consume
nonliving organic matter
B. Are primarily microorganisms
C. Are primary producers
D. Are among the Earth’s least useful organisms
E. Consume abiotic material
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
46.
Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to
produce 10 kilograms of tissue. If eaten, the producer would produce about
______ kilograms of consumer tissue that would provide about __________
kilograms of tissue for a secondary consumer.
A.100; 10
B. 10; 1
C. 100; 1
D. 1;
0.1
E. 10; 0.1
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
47.
Which of the following does not cycle repeatedly through the
Earth’s ecosystems?
A.Water
B. Nitrogen
C. Matter
D. Carbon
E. Energy
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.05
Topic: Ecology
48.
Living vegetation and the ocean are known as “carbon sinks”
because
A.They are made of carbon
B. They create carbon
C. They destroy carbon
D. They
store carbon
E. Due to gravity carbon is found closer to the ground
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.05
Topic: Ecology
49.
Nitrogen is an essential component of
A.Amino
acids and proteins
B. Organic molecules
C. Sugars, the product of photosynthesis
D. The hydrologic cycle
E. Carbohydrates
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.05
Topic: Ecology
50.
Which of the following is not a step in the global nitrogen
cycle?
A.Nitrogen fixation
B. Nitrification
C. Photosynthesis
D. Ammonification
E. Denitrification
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.05
Topic: Ecology
51.
Phosphorus cycles through the Earth’s ecosystems
A.Extremely quickly
B. Very
slowly
C. Only when activated by human activity
D. Very rarely
E. Quickly when humans burn large amounts of fossil fuels
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.05
Topic: Ecology
52.
Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an
atmospheric phase?
A.Hydrologic cycle
B. Nitrogen cycle
C. Sulfur cycle
D. Carbon cycle
E. Phosphorous
cycle
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.05
Topic: Ecology
53.
Human activities such as the ____________ release large
quantities of sulfur.
A.Burning
of fossil fuels
B. Burning of wood
C. Use of synthetic fertilizers
D. Use of detergents
E. Cultivation of sulfur-fixing crops
Section: 03.05
Topic: Ecology
True / False Questions
54.
The amount of energy in the universe is believed to be the same
as it was billions of years ago.
TRUE
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.02
Topic: Ecology
55.
Water molecules readily dissolve ionic substances such as sugar
because of the covalent bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
TRUE
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
56.
Acids and bases are highly reactive therefore they can cause
important environmental problems.
TRUE
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 03.01
Topic: Matter
57.
Approximately one-half of the energy available in an organism is
transferred to the consumer that eats it.
FALSE
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.04
Topic: Ecology
Essay Questions
58.
Which of the following statements is false?
I. Nutrients are cycled in the ecosphere in biogeochemical cycles
II. Elements in the rock cycle are generally cycled slower than elements in
gaseous cycles
III. Biogeochemical cycles are driven by the sun and by gravity
IV. There are three types of biogeochemical cycles: air, water and land
V. The hydrologic cycle involves the ocean, air, land and living organisms
Change the false answer above to a true statement
IV is false. There are many types of biogeochemical cycles
including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur.
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Section: 03.05
Topic: Ecology
59.
Using examples, compare and contrast the cycling of energy
through biological systems and biogeochemical cycles.
Points awarded on depth and accuracy of answer. Answer should
mention sunlight as the starting point for all energy and transfer of energy
through living things in the food chain/web (including energy lost as heat
along each step of the pathway).
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Section: 03.05
Topic: Ecology
60.
Outline the path of a carbon atom as it moves through the carbon
cycle. Do not include human influences.
Should include the following: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,
taken up by photosynthesis and released by cellular respiration (same in the
oceans); carbon stored in the oceans; carbon deposits (dead organisms) forming
calcium carbonate (limestone) on the ocean floor; carbon deposition from dead
plants and animals millions of years ago formed today’s fossil fuels.
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Section: 03.05
Topic: Ecology
Chapter 05
Biomes Global Patterns of Life
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A
biome is described by
A.A specified bioregion
B. Broadly
similar environmental conditions
C. A watershed divide, generally
D. Geographic location
E. Large landforms in the area
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 05.01
Topic: Biomes
2. Location
of specific biomes can be predicted based on
A. The Coriolis Effect
B. The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
C.
Precipitation and temperature
D. Seasonal variations in sunspots
E. Large landforms in the area
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 05.01
Topic: Biomes
3. In
the graph of precipitation and temperature, desert biomes would fall in the
area marked by the letter
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Section: 05.01
Topic: Biomes
4. In
the graph of precipitation and temperature, temperate forest biomes would fall
in the area marked by the letter
A.A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Section: 05.01
Topic: Biomes
5. Neo
and Trinity are in a biome that has relatively stable temperatures and abundant
rainfall. They have a graph of precipitation and temperature similar to the one
shown. Which letter marks the biome they are located in?
A.A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Section: 05.01
Topic: Biomes
6. In
the graph of precipitation and temperature, the area marked A has a
A.Wide precipitation range and narrow temperature range
B. Narrow precipitation and temperature range
C. Wide precipitation and temperature range
D. Wide
temperature range and narrow precipitation range
E. Varying temperature and narrow precipitation range
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Section: 05.01
Topic: Biomes
7. In
the graph of precipitation and temperature, the area marked D has a
A.Wide precipitation range and narrow temperature range
B. Narrow
precipitation and temperature range
C. Wide precipitation and temperature range
D. Wide temperature range and narrow precipitation range
E. None of the choices is correct
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Section: 05.01
Topic: Biomes
8. Cloud
forests are found in ________ areas in tropical regions.
A.Hot coastal
B. Cool
mountainous
C. Cool plains
D. Low elevation
E. Valley
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Section: 05.01
Topic: Biomes
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