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Sample Test
|
Chapter_03_Living_Primates
True / False
|
|
1. No primates today
are currently endangered.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
73
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
2. Closely related
species have shared part of their evolutionary history.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
54
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
3. Mammals possess a
skeleton in which the limbs are positioned to the sides of the body.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
55
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
4. The varied diet
available to arboreal primates required specialized teeth.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
56
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
5. Binocular and
stereoscopic vision developed as a response to arboreal life.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
56
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
6. Tree-living
primates have an acute sense of touch.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
56
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Factual
|
|
|
7. Among primates, the
limb pattern structure allows for speed.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
57
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
8. All living
prosimian species are small.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
58
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
9. Humans and apes are
classified as strepsirhines.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
58
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
10. Lemurs and lorises
have longer front limbs than back ones that allow them to climb trees
easily.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
58
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
11. Gorillas are
primarily ground dwellers.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
61
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
12. Most primates form
monogamous bonds within families.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
63
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
13. Young apes take
longer to reach adulthood than most other mammals.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
63
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
14. There are
dominance hierarchies among chimpanzees.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
64
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
15. Among all African
apes, as with humans, there is no fixed breeding season.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
68
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
16. All primates have
single births.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
68
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
17. Bonobos are the
only primate species, besides humans, to routinely engage in sexual behavior
when females are not ovulating.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
68
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
18. Object placement
is considered a form of visual communication.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
70
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
19. Chimpanzees in the
wild have been observed making and using tools far more than bonobos.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
70
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
20. Chimpanzees have
been observed administering medicinal plants to each other, especially
mothers to infants.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
71
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
21. Chimpanzee females
hunt.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
72
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
22. Chimpanzees throw
objects as weapons.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
72
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
23. All primates are
classified as endangered today.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
73
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
24. The physical
differences between humans and apes are largely a matter of kind rather than
degree.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
76
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
25. Western lowland
gorilla populations are growing today.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
75
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
26. What amazing
discovery did primatologist Jane Goodall make in her studies of chimpanzees
in 1960?
|
|
a.
|
that chimpanzees use tools
|
|
|
b.
|
that chimpanzees use social mediation and
peacemaking
|
|
|
c.
|
that chimpanzees share 98 percent of the same DNA
with humans
|
|
|
d.
|
that apes have opposable thumbs
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
53
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
27. Flexible and
changing behavioral patterns among nonhuman primates interest scientists
because they provide clues about:
|
|
a.
|
the earliest development of human cultural
behavior
|
|
|
b.
|
the psychological challenge that nonhuman primates
face
|
|
|
c.
|
migration behavior and possible human physical
developments
|
|
|
d.
|
the evolution of the great apes
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
53
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
28. Which of the
following topics would best be approached by studying primates in their
natural habitat?
|
|
a.
|
language learning skills
|
|
|
b.
|
social dynamics
|
|
|
c.
|
comparative intelligence
|
|
|
d.
|
conceptual capacity
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
53
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
29. Which of the
following is the best example of a noninvasive research method for studying
primates?
|
|
a.
|
drawing blood for analysis
|
|
|
b.
|
caging primates separately to enforce language
learning
|
|
|
c.
|
restructuring primate family groups to study social
behavior
|
|
|
d.
|
taking fecal samples to study diet and health
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
53
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
30. What statement
best describes the role of ethics in field research of
nonhuman primates?
|
|
a.
|
Field research is unethical for primatologists.
|
|
|
b.
|
Ethics is not as significant an issue for
primatologists as for cultural anthropologists.
|
|
|
c.
|
Ethics is more important to research on primates
in captivity than those in nature.
|
|
|
d.
|
Field studies raise important ethical issues for
primatologists.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
54
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
31. Which of the
following statements about primate populations is correct?
|
|
a.
|
All New and Old World monkeys are endangered
today.
|
|
|
b.
|
All New World monkeys and apes are endangered
today.
|
|
|
c.
|
All of the great apes are endangered today.
|
|
|
d.
|
All primates everywhere are endangered today.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
52
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
32. Which of the
following is the most accurate statement?
|
|
a.
|
Apes include both the greater apes and also
monkeys.
|
|
|
b.
|
Humans, monkeys, and apes are primates, but only
humans are mammals.
|
|
|
c.
|
Apes and humans are primates, but monkeys are not.
|
|
|
d.
|
Biologically speaking, humans are apes.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
54
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
33. Which of the
following are not considered hominoids?
|
|
a.
|
humans
|
|
|
b.
|
lemurs
|
|
|
c.
|
siamangs
|
|
|
d.
|
bonobos
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
54
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
34. Mammals have all
of the following characteristics except:
|
|
a.
|
a diaphragm involved in breathing
|
|
|
b.
|
a four-chambered heart
|
|
|
c.
|
a merging of nasal and mouth cavities
|
|
|
d.
|
milk from mother’s mammary glands
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
55
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Modify
|
|
|
35. Primate behavioral
patterns derive from:
|
|
a.
|
diurnal mammalian evolution
|
|
|
b.
|
mammalian primate biology
|
|
|
c.
|
reptilian evolution
|
|
|
d.
|
random change
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
55
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
36. A creature that is
active at night is considered to be:
|
|
a.
|
arboreal
|
|
|
b.
|
diurnal
|
|
|
c.
|
noxious
|
|
|
d.
|
nocturnal
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
55
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
37. Evidence from
ancient skeletons suggests that the first mammals appeared over
_______________ million years ago, whereas the earliest primates first
evolved approximately _______________million years ago.
|
|
a.
|
200/65
|
|
|
b.
|
265/150
|
|
|
c.
|
175/65
|
|
|
d.
|
100/5
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
55
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
38. All of the
following favored the emergence of the Primate order except:
|
|
a.
|
extinction of dinosaurs
|
|
|
b.
|
mild climate
|
|
|
c.
|
glaciation
|
|
|
d.
|
spread of dense tropical forests
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
55
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
39. For an arboreal
primate, which sense is most important in locating food?
|
|
a.
|
hearing
|
|
|
b.
|
taste
|
|
|
c.
|
vision
|
|
|
d.
|
smell
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
55
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
40. For primates, what
was the primary advantage of arboreal life?
|
|
a.
|
It opened up an abundant food supply.
|
|
|
b.
|
It allowed them to escape from predators and hide
in trees.
|
|
|
c.
|
It allowed them to build nests up off of the cold
and damp ground.
|
|
|
d.
|
It allowed them to see their prey and become
better hunters.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
55
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
41. Monkeys, apes, and
humans share all of the following in their sense of vision except:
|
|
a.
|
color vision
|
|
|
b.
|
stereoscopic vision
|
|
|
c.
|
binocular vision
|
|
|
d.
|
two-dimensional vision
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
56
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
42. Which of the
following does not accurately describe the primate visual system?
|
|
a.
|
Nerve cells integrate the images derived from each
eye.
|
|
|
b.
|
Visual field is three-dimensional, registering
height, width, and depth.
|
|
|
c.
|
Nerve connections in the back of the eyes process
visual information.
|
|
|
d.
|
Eyes sit next to each other on the same plane with
overlapping visual fields.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
56
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
43. Which of the
following statements best describes the primate brain?
|
|
a.
|
It has an increasingly integrated cerebellum that
restricts primates to only the most adaptive environments.
|
|
|
b.
|
It has an increasingly integrated cerebral cortex
that restricts primates to only the most adaptive environments.
|
|
|
c.
|
It has an enlarged cerebral cortex that provides
the basis for flexible behavior patterns.
|
|
|
d.
|
It has an enlarged cerebellum that is responsible
for flexible behavior patterns.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
57
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
44. Which of the
following is not an evolutionary trend specific to primate skeletons?
|
|
a.
|
eyes rotated more forward
|
|
|
b.
|
reduction of size of snout
|
|
|
c.
|
more forward position for the opening at the base
of the skull
|
|
|
d.
|
hands and feet have five radiating digits
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
57
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
45. What do we call
the ability to grasp and manipulate objects between the thumb and other
digits?
|
|
a.
|
opposability
|
|
|
b.
|
prehensility
|
|
|
c.
|
brachiation
|
|
|
d.
|
radiation
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
57
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
46. Which of the
following is a true statement?
|
|
a.
|
The shape of the primate collarbone varies between
species.
|
|
|
b.
|
The collarbone (clavicle) in primates is long and
narrow, allowing flexible movements.
|
|
|
c.
|
The collarbone (clavicle) in primates is short and
stout, allowing for firm posture.
|
|
|
d.
|
Primates do not have collarbones.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
57
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
47. Recent molecular
evidence shows that which primate is more closely related to monkeys, apes,
and humans than lemurs?
|
|
a.
|
lorises
|
|
|
b.
|
tarsiers
|
|
|
c.
|
bush baby
|
|
|
d.
|
panda
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
58
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
48. Where are lemurs
found today?
|
|
a.
|
Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
|
b.
|
Malaysia and Madagascar
|
|
|
c.
|
Indonesia and Central Africa
|
|
|
d.
|
Madagascar only
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
58
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
49. Today, from a
molecular approach, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans are classified as:
|
|
a.
|
prosimians
|
|
|
b.
|
haplorhines
|
|
|
c.
|
strepsirhini
|
|
|
d.
|
hominids
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
58
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Modify
|
|
|
50. Monkeys, apes, and
humans are taxonomically grouped together as:
|
|
a.
|
hominoids
|
|
|
b.
|
anthropoids
|
|
|
c.
|
anthropoids
|
|
|
d.
|
hominids
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
58
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Modify
|
|
|
51. Which of the
following represent the primate group, prosimians?
|
|
a.
|
loris, tarsier, marmoset
|
|
|
b.
|
siamang, tarsier, lemur
|
|
|
c.
|
tarsier, loris, lemur
|
|
|
d.
|
lemur, loris, siamang
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
58
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
52. A second toe,
called a “grooming claw,” is found on:
|
|
a.
|
bonobos
|
|
|
b.
|
baboons
|
|
|
c.
|
marmosets
|
|
|
d.
|
lemurs
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
59
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
53. A prehensile
monkey would be found:
|
|
a.
|
swinging from the trees with both limbs
|
|
|
b.
|
grasping on a tree limb by the tail
|
|
|
c.
|
cracking nuts through use of opposable thumbs
|
|
|
d.
|
walking bipedally for short distances
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
60
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
54. Approximately how
many years of evolutionary history are shared by Old World monkeys and apes,
including humans?
|
|
a.
|
4 to 5 million years
|
|
|
b.
|
8 to 10 million years
|
|
|
c.
|
40 million years
|
|
|
d.
|
65 million years
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
60
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
55. Which Old World
monkey is of special interest to paleoanthropologists because it lives in
savannahs like those in which we expect ancestral humans may have lived?
|
|
a.
|
baboons
|
|
|
b.
|
chimpanzees
|
|
|
c.
|
lemurs
|
|
|
d.
|
bonobos
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
60
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
56. The primary form
of locomotion found among African apes is:
|
|
a.
|
bipedalism
|
|
|
b.
|
brachiation
|
|
|
c.
|
knuckle-walking
|
|
|
d.
|
tripedalism
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
61
|
|
OTHER:
|
Factual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
57. Which of the
following best describes gorillas?
|
|
a.
|
They are the largest ape, bipeds, carnivores, and
big “bluffers.”
|
|
|
b.
|
They are the largest ape, knuckle-walkers,
vegetarians, and big “bluffers.”
|
|
|
c.
|
They are the largest ape, knuckle-walkers,
vegetarians, and aggressive.
|
|
|
d.
|
They are the largest ape, knuckle-walkers,
carnivores, and big “bluffers.”
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
62
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
58. Which of the
following is more arboreal?
|
|
a.
|
baboons
|
|
|
b.
|
baboons
|
|
|
c.
|
gorillas
|
|
|
d.
|
chimpanzees
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
62
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
59. Which of the
following is the most solitary ape?
|
|
a.
|
human
|
|
|
b.
|
gibbon
|
|
|
c.
|
bonobo
|
|
|
d.
|
orangutan
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
63
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Pickup
|
|
|
60. Which of the
following statements about primate growth and development is most correct?
|
|
a.
|
Young apes take more time to reach adulthood than
do most mammals.
|
|
|
b.
|
Young apes leave during early adolescence and
quickly establish their own groups.
|
|
|
c.
|
Nonhuman primates reach an early adulthood, but
they are slow breeders with long birth intervals.
|
|
|
d.
|
Primates move from specific to more generalized
development as they age.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
64
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
61. Bonobos are one of
the few primates to establish:
|
|
a.
|
nuclear families and bonded monogamous pairs
|
|
|
b.
|
nuclear families and polygamous bonds
|
|
|
c.
|
polygamous families and shifting pair bonds
|
|
|
d.
|
polyandrous families with no pair bonds
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
63
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
62. A polyandrous bond
is primarily found among:
|
|
a.
|
the apes because pair bonding helps with rearing offspring
during a long adolescence
|
|
|
b.
|
all monkeys because of territorial issues and the
need to protect young
|
|
|
c.
|
some New World monkey species in which males
assist with offspring
|
|
|
d.
|
some Old World monkey species in which females
assist each other with offspring
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
63
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
New
|
|
|
63. Frans de Waal, in
his study of bonobos, has found that_______________, which often occurs after
an attack, may be more important than the attack itself.
|
|
a.
|
migration
|
|
|
b.
|
food sharing
|
|
|
c.
|
reconciliation
|
|
|
d.
|
display
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
64
|
|
OTHER:
|
Conceptual
|
|
NOTES:
|
Modify
|
|
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