Essentials of The Living World 5Th Edition By George Johnson – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Chapter 03

Molecules of Life

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.   Which level of protein structure ultimately determines all the other levels of structure?
A. Primary
B.  Secondary
C.  Tertiary
D.  Quaternary

Protein primary structure determines folding, which is largely what gives higher order levels of protein structure. Please see section 03.02.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.03 Describe the four general levels of protein structure and how the polar nature of water influences them.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

2.   Hydrogen bonds between different parts of the polypeptide chain result in which level of protein structure?
A. Primary
B.  Secondary
C.  Tertiary
D.  Quaternary

Secondary structure is where the protein begins to assume its final form. Please see section 03.02.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.03 Describe the four general levels of protein structure and how the polar nature of water influences them.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

 

 

3.   You are handed a model of a protein. It has a three-dimensional shape, and by twisting it, you can see that there is only one polypeptide chain in the model. You see two alpha helices lined up next to one another in the model. From this evidence, you are looking at what level of protein structure?
A. Primary
B.  Secondary
C.  Tertiary
D.  Quaternary

Tertiary structure is the complex three-dimensional folding of a single polypeptide. Please see section 03.02.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.02.03 Describe the four general levels of protein structure and how the polar nature of water influences them.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

4.   When a protein is composed of more than one polypeptide chain, the arrangement of the chains is called the ____________ structure.
A. primary
B.  secondary
C.  tertiary
D.  quaternary

Quaternary structure involves two folded polypeptides associating with one another. Please see section 03.02.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.03 Describe the four general levels of protein structure and how the polar nature of water influences them.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

 

 

5.   Enzymes function to
A. add structural support.
B.  provide defense.
C.  transport molecules.
D.  make chemical reactions more likely to occur.

Enzymes use their shapes to bring reactants into conformations more likely to lead to chemical reaction. Please see section 03.05.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.05 Describe how the structure of an enzyme enables it to catalyze a chemical reaction.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

6.   The a-helix and b-pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein structure?
A. Primary
B.  Secondary
C.  Tertiary
D.  Quaternary

Secondary structures are the first folds which appear in protein structure and include named, repeated structures. Please see section 03.02.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.03 Describe the four general levels of protein structure and how the polar nature of water influences them.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

 

 

7.   When a protein is denatured, which level of protein structure is unaffected?
A. Primary
B.  Secondary
C.  Tertiary
D.  Quaternary

Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a protein and, therefore, is unaffected by shape changes. Please see section 03.02.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02.04 Explain the forces that cause a protein to denature.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

8.   Which polymer serves as the information storage molecule for cells?
A. Carbohydrate
B.  Nucleic acid
C.  Protein
D.  Lipids

Nucleic acids hold both the original gene sequence information in nuclei and working copies of these sequences as RNA. Please see section 03.03.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 State the two major chemical differences between DNA and RNA.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic Acids

 

 

9.   If one strand is CCAATTG on DNA, then the complementary chain is
A. CCAATTG.
B.  AAGGUUC.
C.  GGUUAAC.
D.  GGTTAAC.
E.  It is impossible to determine.

DNA complementary sequences are easy to derive since A always pairs with T and G with C. Please see section 03.03.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Identify what two base pairings are possible in DNA, and explain why the other four potential base pairings do not occur.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic Acids

10.                The bases of the two DNA chains are linked in the middle of the molecule by _________ bonds.
A. covalent
B.  ionic
C.  hydrogen
D.  There are no bonds connecting the chains.

The two strands of DNA  in a double helix are connected by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs. Please see section 03.03.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Identify what two base pairings are possible in DNA, and explain why the other four potential base pairings do not occur.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic Acids

 

 

11.                Which of the following is not true?
A. There are 20 common amino acids that make up proteins.
B.  The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine and the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine.
C.  Lipids are not water soluble.
D.  The ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is 1:2:1 in carbohydrates.
E.  Macromolecules are formed by hydrolysis reactions.

Please see section 03.01. Macromolecules are formed by dehydration synthesis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 Distinguish between a polymer and a monomer.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Components of Organic Molecules

12.                The carbohydrate that plants use to store energy is called
A. starch.
B.  cellulose.
C.  fructose.
D.  sucrose.
E.  chitin.

Starch is a close chemical cousin of plants’ cellulose and animals’ glycogen.  Starch is abundant in some foods, such as potatoes. Please see section 03.04.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Define carbohydrate, and distinguish between monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Carbohydrates

 

 

13.                The carbohydrate that is found in plant cell walls is
A. starch.
B.  cellulose.
C.  chitin.
D.  fructose.
E.  sucrose.

Please see section 03.04. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Define carbohydrate, and distinguish between monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Carbohydrates

14.                A polysaccharide of glucose found in animals that is highly branched is
A. starch.
B.  cellulose.
C.  chitin.
D.  glycogen.
E.  sucrose.

Please see section 03.04. Glycogen is found in the liver and in muscle.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Define carbohydrate, and distinguish between monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Carbohydrates

 

 

15.                If you were told to prepare for lab by getting a sample of a structural carbohydrate from an invertebrate, you would look in your supplies for some
A. starch.
B.  cellulose.
C.  chitin.
D.  glycogen.
E.  sucrose.

Please see section 03.04. The exoskeletons of arthropods, such as insects, are made of chitin.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Define carbohydrate, and distinguish between monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Carbohydrates

16.                Fats composed of fatty acids that have double bonds in the fatty acids and have fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms are
A. saturated.
B.  liquids at room temperature.
C.  solid at room temperature.
D.  generally found in animal fats.

Please see section 03.05. Unsaturated fatty acids have shapes which do not allow them to interact strongly enough to freeze at room temperature.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats, and explain why one is a solid and the other a liquid at room temperature.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Lipids

 

 

17.                If you were grading an exam about macromolecules, which statement about saturated fats would lose points?
A. They are solid at room temperature.
B.  They contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
C.  They contain glycerol plus 3 fatty acids.
D.  They are nonpolar molecules that don’t mix with water.
E.  They are generally the type of fat found in plants.

Fats from plants are generally unsaturated. Please see section 03.05.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats, and explain why one is a solid and the other a liquid at room temperature.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Lipids

18.                All of the following are lipids except
A. waxes.
B.  cholesterol.
C.  female sex hormones.
D.  phospholipids.
E.  glycogen.

Please see section 03.05. Glycogen is a carbohydrate.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats, and explain why one is a solid and the other a liquid at room temperature.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Lipids

 

 

19.                Which of the following is a main component of cell membranes?
A. Cellulose
B.  Sucrose
C.  Phospholipids
D.  Triglycerides
E.  Glycogen

Please see section 03.05. Phospholipids have a phosphate as part of their head group, and cell membranes are made of a phospholipid bilayer.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats, and explain why one is a solid and the other a liquid at room temperature.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Lipids

20.                To chemically synthesize RNA, you would need a supply of
A. lactose.
B.  glucose.
C.  ribose.
D.  deoxyribose.
E.  glycogen.

Please see section 03.03. The “R” in “RNA” stands for “ribose.”

 

Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 State the two major chemical differences between DNA and RNA.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic Acids

 

 

21.                Which is incorrect about proteins?
A. The main function of proteins is energy storage.
B.  Proteins can be enzymes.
C.  Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
D.  The sequence of amino acids determines the primary structure of the protein.
E.  Some proteins have a transport function.

Please see section 03.02. The amino acids composing proteins are connected by peptide bons.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Diagram the structure of an amino acid and the formation of a peptide bond.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

22.                The monomers of carbohydrates are
A. amino acids.
B.  polypeptides.
C.  monosaccharides.
D.  nucleotides.

Please see sections 03.01 and 03.04. Monosaccharides are connected by dehydration reactions.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 Distinguish between a polymer and a monomer.
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Define carbohydrate, and distinguish between monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section: 03.01
Section: 03.04
Topic: Carbohydrates

 

 

23.                If you wanted an experimental chemical to reduce energy storage in animals, you would need an inhibitor of the synthesis of
A. starch.
B.  glycogen.
C.  cellulose.
D.  chitin.

Please see section 03.04. Mammals store glycogen in muscle and the liver.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Define carbohydrate, and distinguish between monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Carbohydrates

24.                You are performing chemical tests on a sample of fatty acid. You find that you cannot hydrogenate the sample, leading you to suspect that it is
A. polyunsaturated.
B.  monounsaturated.
C.  saturated.
D.  phospholipids.

Please see section 03.05. Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms and are thus saturated with hydrogens.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats, and explain why one is a solid and the other a liquid at room temperature.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Lipids

 

 

25.                Proteins are made up of ____________ strung together by _________ bonds.
A. amino acids; peptide
B.  monosaccharides; nucleotide
C.  monomers; ionic
D.  polymers; hydrogen

Peptide bonds are formed by dehydration reactions, linking together amino acids in a protein. Please see section 03.02.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Diagram the structure of an amino acid and the formation of a peptide bond.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

26.                In terms of speed, making and breaking molecules in the body require the aid of ____________ to help the reactions proceed.
A. heat
B.  water
C.  blood
D.  enzymes

Enzymes help reactions proceed more quickly. Please see section 03.01.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 Contrast hydrolysis with dehydration synthesis.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Components of Organic Molecules

 

 

27.                You are sorting molecular models into storage containers. Glucose would go into a container with fructose since both are examples of  _____________.
A. a polysaccharide
B.  a disaccharide
C.  a monosaccharide
D.  a nucleotide

Please see section 03.04. Monosaccharides are subunits for building polysaccharides and cannot be broken down further and remain sugars.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Define carbohydrate, and distinguish between monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Carbohydrates

28.                Choose the statement that is true about DNA.
A. It exhibits base pairing.
B.  It forms a double helix.
C.  It is a polymer of nucleotides.
D.  All of the answer choices are correct.

Please see section 03.03. DNA is a language written using the four chemical letters A, G, C, and T.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Identify what two base pairings are possible in DNA, and explain why the other four potential base pairings do not occur.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic Acids

 

 

29.                All of the following are ways RNA differs from DNA except
A. RNA is single stranded.
B.  RNA is a nucleic acid.
C.  RNA contains ribose.
D.  RNA contains uracil.

Please see section 03.03. RNA and DNA are temporary and permanent copies, respectively, of the information needed to run a cell.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 State the two major chemical differences between DNA and RNA.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic Acids

 

True / False Questions

30.                Denaturation of proteins is always a reversible process.
FALSE

Please see section 03.02. Like a hopelessly tangled and knotted piece of string, denaturation of protein sometimes cannot be undone.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.02.04 Explain the forces that cause a protein to denature.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

31.                Lipids are insoluble in water because they are nonpolar.
TRUE

Please see section 03.05. Solubility in water requires polarity to allow interaction with water molecules.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats, and explain why one is a solid and the other a liquid at room temperature.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Lipids

 

 

32.                Unsaturated fats are usually solid at room temperature.
FALSE

Please see section 03.05. Fats which are solid at room temperature are usually saturated.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats, and explain why one is a solid and the other a liquid at room temperature.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Lipids

 

Fill in the Blank Questions

33.                The sequence of nucleotides in DNA specifies the sequence of ________________ in a protein.
amino acids

Please see section 03.03. The chemical language of nucleic acid is translated into the chemical language of protein by the cell.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Name the three parts of a nucleotide.
Section: 03.03

34.                In studying a sample of nucleic acid, you find no thymine. Instead, then, you expect to find
uracil

Instead of the thymine in DNA, RNA contains uracil. Please see section 03.03.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 State the two major chemical differences between DNA and RNA.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic Acids

 

 

35.                To be able to break down a protein, you need the means to break ________ bonds.
peptide

Please see section 03.02. Peptide bonds form by dehydration between one carboxyl group and one amino group.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Diagram the structure of an amino acid and the formation of a peptide bond.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

36.                Nucleic acids are long polymers of repeating subunits called ___________.
nucleotides

Please see section 03.03. Nucleotides include phosphate, sugar, and base in their structure.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Name the three parts of a nucleotide.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Proteins

37.                You are given a biological sample to examine, and you find, using chemical tests, that it consists of  ___________. You conclude that it is a number of plant cell walls.
cellulose

Please see section 03.04. Most of any plant cell wall is cellulose.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Define carbohydrate, and distinguish between monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Carbohydrates

 

 

38.                Many mammals supply energy to their young in the form of ___________.
lactose

Please see section 03.04. Lactose is the main sugar found in mammalian milk.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Define carbohydrate, and distinguish between monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Carbohydrates

 

Essay Questions

39.                List the four major types of macromolecules, their subunits (building blocks), and their functions.

Please see section 03.01. The major groups of macromolecules are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Proteins, which are made up of amino acids, have a variety of functions: transport, defense, structural, contractile, and enzymatic. Nucleic acids, which are made up of nucleotides, serve as the genetic information storage devices for cells. Carbohydrates, which are made up of monosaccharides, function in energy storage and structural support. Lipids, which are made up of carbon rings or fatty acids attached to a backbone, have a variety of functions, including storing energy, forming membranes, acting as hormones or pigments, and other roles.
 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 Distinguish between a polymer and a monomer.
Section: 03.01

 

 

40.                Compare saturated and unsaturated fats with regard to source, structure, and consistency.

Please see section 03.05. Saturated fats are generally healthier for humans than saturated fats. Saturated fats are often derived from animals and contain fatty acids with single bonds between all carbon pairs; that is, every carbon atom contains the maximum load of hydrogens. The fatty acid chains of saturated fats fit closely together and form immobile arrays called hard fats, which are solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fats come from plants and contain fatty acids that contain double bonds between one or more pairs of carbon atoms. Unsaturated fats cannot become closely associated and thus are liquid at room temperature.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats, and explain why one is a solid and the other a liquid at room temperature.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Lipids

41.                Describe the four levels of protein structure and how they are affected by denaturation.

Please see section 03.03. Proteins’ shapes provide critical functions.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.04 Explain the forces that cause a protein to denature.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

42.                Describe five functions of proteins.

Please see section 03.02. Proteins are able to peform a wide range of functions because of the wide range of shapes which they can assume.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Explain what proteins do by listing five functional groupings of proteins.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

 

 

43.                Describe the structure of DNA.

Please see section 03.02. DNA is a double helix in which the two strands join by base pairing.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 State the two major chemical differences between DNA and RNA.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic Acids

 

Multiple Choice Questions

44.                You are carrying an important sample of potato peroxidase to your lab, but you realize that there is no ice in the container with the enzyme. When you test the enzyme in your lab, it does not work as well as usual. What has happened?
A. Warming of the enzyme denatured it, lowering function.
B.  Warming sped up enzyme activity, wearing out the enzyme.
C.  Enzymes don’t work well outside cells.
D.  The shaking of the enzyme while it was being carried damaged it.
E.  None of the answer choices is correct.

Please see section 03.02. Excess heat denatures proteins, which causes them to lose their function.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 03.02.05 Describe how the structure of an enzyme enables it to catalyze a chemical reaction.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Proteins

 

Chapter 05

Energy and Life

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.   Objects that are not actively moving but have the capacity to do so are said to possess
A. kinetic energy.
B.  potential energy.
C.  entropy.
D.  living energy.

Please see section 05.01. “Potential” always indicates some unrealized ability or unreleased energy, whether used in scientific terms or otherwise.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Define energy, and differentiate between kinetic and potential energy.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Energy

2.   The process of lowering the activation energy of a reaction is
A. respiration.
B.  catalysis.
C.  oxidation.
D.  photosynthesis.

Please see section 05.03. Enzymes are biological catalysts.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Define activation energy and catalysis.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Energy
Topic: Enzymes

 

 

3.   Reactions that tend to occur spontaneously, releasing energy, are called
A. endergonic.
B.  exergonic.
C.  catalytic.
D.  productive.

Please see section 05.03. Energy-releasing reactions occur spontaneously.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Differentiate between endergonic and exergonic reactions.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Chemical Reactions
Topic: Energy

4.   Enzymes are catalysts because they operate to
A. lower activation energy.
B.  raise activation energy.
C.  supply activation energy.
D.  supply the reactants.

Please see section 05.03. Enzymes catalyze reactions by holding reactants together in a shape which is more likely to lead to the reaction occurring.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Define activation energy and catalysis.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Enzymes

5.   The site on the surface of a reactant where it binds to the enzyme is called the
A. reactive site.
B.  allosteric site.
C.  active site.
D.  binding site.

Please see section 05.04. Reactants are held by the enzyme at the binding site.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Differentiate between active site and substrate binding site.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Chemical Reactions
Topic: Enzymes

 

 

6.   Which factor is least important for enzyme function?
A. Temperature of the cytoplasm
B.  The amount of reactant in the cell
C.  pH of the cytoplasm
D.  Relative humidity
E.  Presence of a repressor

Please see sections 05.04 and 05.05. Enzymes work in solution, so the humidity in the air is irrelevant.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.05.01 Describe how repressors interact with allosteric sites of enzymes and the results of this interaction.
Section: 05.05
Topic: Enzymes

7.    Which activity occurs without an input of cellular energy?
A. Swimming movements of some types of cells
B.  Driving endergonic reactions
C.  Movement of organelles within cells
D.  Movement of water across the cell membrane

Please see section 05.06. The uptake of water by cells is generally spontaneous, occurring by osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane to areas where more solutes are found.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.06.01 Explain how the phosphate groups of ATP store potential energy and how organisms use this energy to power endergonic reactions.
Section: 05.06
Topic: ATP
Topic: Chemical Reactions
Topic: Energy

 

 

8.   ATP is composed of a sugar, the organic base adenine, and
A. three phosphate groups.
B.  two phosphate groups.
C.  three nitrate groups.
D.  phenylalanine.

Please see section 05.06. The bonds between successive phosphates store a large amount of energy.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.06.01 Explain how the phosphate groups of ATP store potential energy and how organisms use this energy to power endergonic reactions.
Section: 05.06
Topic: ATP

9.   The process of converting the energy from food molecules into energy of ATP is
A. cellular respiration.
B.  catalysis.
C.  thermodynamics.
D.  photosynthesis.

Please see section 05.06. Cellular respiration uses oxygen to extract energy from reduced carbon compounds such as glucose or protein.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.06.01 Explain how the phosphate groups of ATP store potential energy and how organisms use this energy to power endergonic reactions.
Section: 05.06
Topic: ATP

 

 

10.                In reference to enzyme activities, repressors _____ the active site, while activators ________ it.
A. restore; disrupt
B.  promote; disrupt
C.  disrupt; restore
D.  disrupt; bind to
E.  stimulate; repress

Please see section 05.05. Enzyme shape, and thus function, can be changed by a number of factors, including chemicals which bind to the enzymes.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.05.01 Describe how repressors interact with allosteric sites of enzymes and the results of this interaction.
Section: 05.05
Topic: Enzymes

11.                The site on the enzyme surface where the reactant fits is referred to as the
A. reactive site.
B.  allosteric site.
C.  active site.
D.  binding site.

Please see section 05.04. The active site is where the reactant(s) bind and the chemical reaction, catalyzed by an enzyme, actually occurs.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Differentiate between active site and substrate binding site.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Enzymes

 

 

12.                Objects that are moving are said to possess
A. kinetic energy.
B.  potential energy.
C.  entropy.
D.  living energy.

Please see section 05.01. When potential energy is released and motion occurs, kinetic energy is being observed.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Define energy, and differentiate between kinetic and potential energy.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Energy

13.                The making and breaking of chemical bonds are called
A. entropy reactions.
B.  chemical reactions.
C.  thermodynamic reactions.
D.  catalysis reactions.
E.  activation energy reactions.

Review the discussion of chemical reactions in section 05.01.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Define energy, and differentiate between kinetic and potential energy.
Section: 05.01

 

 

14.                Which process is driven by something other than the energy in ATP?
A. Muscle contraction
B.  Active transport
C.  Heat production
D.  Diffusion of oxygen into the blood
E.  Cytoplasmic transport

Please see section 05.06. Diffusion of oxygen into cells is driven by a concentration gradient not by ATP hydrolysis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.06.01 Explain how the phosphate groups of ATP store potential energy and how organisms use this energy to power endergonic reactions.
Section: 05.06
Topic: Chemical Reactions
Topic: Energy

15.                Which statement about energy would lose points on an exam?
A. The biological world gets its energy from the sun.
B.  Chemical bonds store potential energy.
C.  All forms of energy can be converted to heat.
D.  Energy is defined as the ability to do work.
E.  A boulder perched on a hill has kinetic energy.

Please see section 05.01. A boulder on top of a hill has potential energy which will become kinetic if it starts to roll.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Define energy, and differentiate between kinetic and potential energy.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Energy

 

 

16.                The First Law of Thermodynamics states
A. that energy can be changed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.
B.  that energy is constantly being created by entropy events.
C.  that energy can be used and then destroyed because of entropy’s actions on it.
D.  that energy can be destroyed while it is producing entropy.

Please see section 05.02. A switch from potential to kinetic energy is an example of a change in form.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 State the first law of thermodynamics.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Energy

17.                Chemical reactions that take up energy are called ______ reactions.
A. exergonic
B.  endergonic
C.  catalysis
D.  catalytic

Exergonic reactions release energy while endergonic reactions take it up. Please see section 05.03.