Essentials of Psychology Concepts and Applications 4th Edition by Jeffrey S. Nevid – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 03
1. The
process by which we receive, transform, and process stimuli is a. sensation.
2. perception.
c. telepathy.
3. habituation.
4. e.
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Absolute
and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is Something Else There?
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.01 –
Explain the difference between sensation and perception.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
2. In
the process of perception, the brain
3. a.
senses the presence of objects in the
4. produces
experiences of vision, hearing, and so on.
5. c.
forms meaningful impressions by piecing together sensory d. transforms sensory
signals into sensations.
6. e.
converts external stimulation into neural
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Absolute
and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is Something Else There?
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.01 –
Explain the difference between sensation and perception.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
3. In
the process of sensation, the sensory receptors a. make sense of external
stimulation.
4. assemble
information from various sensory organs into meaningful patterns. c. form
meaningful representations of sensory information.
5. transform
sensory signals into neural signals. e. interpret the meaning of sensory data.
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There? LEARNING
OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.01 – Explain the difference
between sensation and perception. KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
4. The
process of sensation enables us to , where the process of perception
enables us to .
a. detect the world around us; make sense of the world around us
5. make
sense of the world around us; detect the world around us
6. c.
form meaningful representations of sensory information; experience the rich
tapestry of colors and sounds transform sensory signals into sensations;
convert external stimulation into neural signals
7. e.
convert external stimulation into neural signals; transform sensory signals
into sensations
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There? LEARNING
OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.01 – Explain the difference
between sensation and perception. KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
5. Which
of the following is FALSE regarding sensory receptors?
6. a.
They are specialized
7. They
allow us to detect difference thresholds but not absolute thresholds. c. They
are located in sensory organs.
8. They
detect stimuli from the environment.
9. e.
They convert external stimuli into neural impulses used to create
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There? LEARNING
OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.01 – Explain the difference
between sensation and perception. KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
6. Psychophysics
began with the work of which 19th-century German scientist(s)?
7. a.
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel
8. Hermann
von Helmholtz and Ewald Hering c. Wilhelm Wundt
9. Ernst
Weber
10.
e. Gustav Fechner
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There? LEARNING
OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.01 – Explain the difference
between sensation and perception. KEYWORDS:
Identify
7. Graduate
student Shalanda Huffman studies how physical sources of stimulation relate to
the physical experience
of these stimuli. Huffman’s field of study is called
1. a.
subliminal b. perception.
2. c. d.
psychophysics.
3. e.
sensory
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There? LEARNING
OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.01 – Explain the difference
between sensation and perception. KEYWORDS:
Apply
| Identify
8. The
study of relationships between the characteristics of external stimuli and
sensations is called a. psychophysics.
9. perception.
10.
c.
11.
subliminal perception. e. sensory adaptation.
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There? LEARNING
OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.01 – Explain the difference
between sensation and perception. KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
9. A
psychologist Dr. Shonda Romblay is conducting an experiment to determine how
different intensities of light affect the sensations these stimuli produce. The
field of study she is exploring is called
10.
a. psychomotor b. parapsychology.
11.
c.
12.
psychochemistry.
13.
e. psychological
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There? LEARNING
OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.01 – Explain the difference
between sensation and perception. KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
10.
10. The specialized cells in sense organs that detect external
stimuli are called a.
11.
sensory neurons. c. bipolar cells.
12.
ganglion cells.
13.
e. sensory
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There? LEARNING
OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.01 – Explain the difference
between sensation and perception. KEYWORDS:
Identify
11.
11. Dr. Dawson’s research program is concerned with how a
person’s experience changes as the intensity of a sound
is increased. Dawson is studying a. psychophysics.
1. subliminal
perception. c. perceptual constancy.
2. extrasensory
perception. e. parapsychology.
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There? LEARNING
OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.01 – Explain the difference
between sensation and perception. KEYWORDS:
Apply
12.
12. The smallest amount of a stimulus that a person can reliably
detect is called a. absolute
13.
difference threshold.
14.
c. just-noticeable d. perceptual constancy.
15.
e. Weber’s
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Absolute
and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is Something Else There?
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
13.
13. Regarding the absolute and difference thresholds, which of
the following statements is FALSE?
14.
a. The amount a stimulus must change to detect a difference is
given by a constant proportion of the original
15.
Just-noticeable difference is another term for difference
threshold. c. People differ in their absolute thresholds.
16.
People are more sensitive to changes in pitch than to changes in
volume. e. The difference threshold is the same for each of the senses.
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There?
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
14.
14. Which of the following absolute thresholds for taste is
correct?
15.
a. Detecting a gram of salt dissolved in five gallons of water
16.
Detecting a difference in tastes between two spots on the
tongue, one-eighth of an inch apart c. Detecting one teaspoon of sugar
dissolved in two gallons of water
17.
Detecting a teaspoon of vinegar mixed in with two gallons of
water e. Detecting the sweetness of a fruit while blindfolded
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
15.
15. The minimal difference between two stimuli that people can
reliably detect is the a. absolute
16.
difference threshold. c. perceptual threshold. d. sensitivity
threshold. e. Weber’s constant.
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
16.
16. In the study of sensory system functioning, is to
absolute threshold as is
to difference a. Gustav Fechner; Ernst Weber
17.
Ernst Weber; Gustav Fechner c. Wilhelm Wundt; Ernst Weber
18.
Max Wertheimer; Thomas Young e. Gustav Fechner; Wilhelm Wundt
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS: Identify
17.
17. Weber’s law suggests that
18.
a. absolute threshold measurements underestimate true perceptual
b. difference thresholds are a constant proportion of the original stimulus.
19.
c. difference thresholds are a constant
20.
difference thresholds decrease as stimuli increase. e.
difference thresholds increase as stimuli decrease.
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Absolute
and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is Something Else There?
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
18.
18. Difference thresholds are determined by a constant fraction
of the magnitude of the original stimulus. This is the premise of
19.
a. Weber’s
20.
selective attention theory.
21.
c. Gestalt laws of perceptual d. signal-detection theory.
22.
e. the volley
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Absolute
and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is Something Else There?
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
19.
19. Hans and Franz lift weights at their local gym. When their
trainer adds a twopound weight to Hans’s normal 50 pound load, Hans
immediately notices. However, when the same twopound weight is added to
Franz’s normal 200 pound load, he isn’t aware of the extra weight. The
difference in Hans’s and Franz’s experience is consistent with a. absolute
threshold
20.
difference threshold theory. c. Weber’s Law.
21.
signal-detection theory.
22.
e. Gestalt laws of perceptual
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Absolute
and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is Something Else There?
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Apply
20.
20. Weber’s constant for brightness of lights is
21.
a. one-seventh. one-tenth.
22.
c. one-sixtieth. one-fiftieth.
23.
e. one-twentieth.
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES: Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Absolute and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is
Something Else There?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
21.
21. A recipe requires 10 grams of salt. According to Weber’s
constant for saltiness, which is 1/5, how much more salt must a chef add to make the
recipe noticeably saltier?
22.
a. 1/5 of a gram 2 grams
23.
c. 5 grams
24.
10.5 grams
25.
e. 1/5 of a gram squared
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Absolute
and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is Something Else There?
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Apply
22.
22. According to Weber’s Law, a person would be most sensitive
to changes in which sensation?
23.
a. the loudness of sounds the heaviness of weight c. the
saltiness of food
24.
brightness of lights e. the pitch of sounds
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Absolute
and Difference Thresholds: Is Something There? Is Something Else There?
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 – Define
the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference thresholds,
signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
23.
23. The idea that the threshold for sensing a stimulus depends
not only on the properties of the stimulus itself but on the level of
background stimulation, as well as characteristics of the perceiver, is
explained by
24.
a. Weber’s
25.
the volley principle.
26.
c. opponent-process d. signal-detection theory.
27.
e. sensory
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Signal Detection: More Than a Matter of Energy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
24.
24. Which of the following is a psychological factor that
influences a person’s threshold for determining a signal?
25.
a. The sensitivity of their visual system Their level of fatigue
26.
c. Their physical health
27.
The sensitivity of their auditory system e. Their motivational
state
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Attention:
Did You Notice That?
Module 3.5 Perceiving Our World: Principles of Perception
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
25.
25. Signal detection theory predicts all but which of the
following?
26.
a. Arturro more often notices the aroma wafting from his
neighbor’s apartment after he has eaten than when
he is hungry.
1. During
allergy season, Bettina’s sense of smell becomes duller.
2. c.
When her stereo is on, Carolyn does not notice an increase in her neighbor’s
television volume, but, when
she is reading a book, Carolyn immediately notices the increased
volume.
1. As he
has gotten older, David notices that his sense of taste has diminished.
2. e.
Etyda walks the same route every day. Now that the days are getting shorter and
part of her walk is in the dark, Etyda notices more sounds that signal possible
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES: Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Signal Detection: More Than a Matter of Energy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Apply
26.
26. According to signal detection theory, the threshold for
detecting a signal depends on a. the properties of the stimulus, like its
27.
the amount and type of background noise.
28.
c. both the properties of the stimulus and the amount and type
of background d. the biological and psychological characteristics of the
perceiver.
29.
e. the properties of the stimulus, background noise, and
biological and psychological characteristics of the
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Signal Detection: More Than a Matter of Energy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
27.
27. When sensory systems become less sensitive to unchanging
stimuli, it is called a.
28.
sensory adaptation. c. precognition.
29.
threshold degradation. e. subliminal perception.
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Sensory Adaptation: Turning the Volume Down
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
28.
28. Other factors being equal, which sensory stimulus is least
likely to lead to sensory adaptation?
29.
a. the wail of a loud car alarm
30.
the pressure of wearing a new ring on one’s finger
31.
c. the intense odors of a cattle farm
32.
the pressure of wearing a new bracelet on one’s wrist
33.
e. the temperature of water when entering a pool
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Sensory Adaptation: Turning the Volume Down
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
29.
29. Repeated exposure to the same stimulus leads
to sensitivity
in our sensory a. always; reduced
30.
always; no change in c. sometimes; reduced
31.
sometimes; no change in
32.
e. sometimes; reduced or no change in
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Sensory Adaptation: Turning the Volume Down
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
30.
30. When Harold first enters his swimming pool, the water feels
uncomfortably cold. Five minutes later, it feels comfortable to Harold. This is
an example of
31.
a.
32.
sensory adaptation. c. selective attention. d. accommodation.
33.
e. just-noticeable
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module 3.1 Sensing Our World: Basic Concepts of Sensation
Sensory Adaptation: Turning the Volume Down
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.02 –
Define the following basic terms in sensation: absolute and difference
thresholds, signal detection theory, and stimulus adaptation.
KEYWORDS:
Apply
31.
31. Regarding light and vision, which of the following statements
is FALSE?
32.
a. Light is physical energy in the form of electromagnetic
33.
The visible spectrum that humans perceive represents only a
small portion of the full spectrum of “light.”
34.
c. Human vision perceives wavelengths of light between
approximately 300 and 750
35.
X-rays, ultraviolet waves, and radio waves are portions of the
electromagnetic radiation spectrum that
humans cannot “see.”
1. e. Of
the colors, red has the shortest
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Light:
The Energy of Vision
Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
32.
32. A foreign object has entered Kiara’s eye, leaving a scratch.
The part of Kiara’s eye that is affected is her
33.
a. b. iris.
34.
c.
35.
fovea. e. cornea.
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Apply
33.
33. is the visual process by which the lens changes
its shape to focus images more clearly on the a. Convergence
34.
Retinal disparity c. Habituation
35.
Accommodation e. Closure
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
34.
34. Dr. Rhoden conducts animal experiments on visual perception.
Rhoden wants to stop the animal’s pupil from
changing size, so he paralyzes the a. cornea.
1. iris.
c. lens.
2. retina.
e. pupil.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Apply
35.
35. Which part of the eye gives a person her/his eye color?
36.
a. cornea iris
37.
c. pupil fovea e. retina
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS: Identify
36.
36. Which of the following describes the pupil?
37.
a. opening through which light enters the eye
38.
part of the eye that adjusts its shape to view objects at
varying distances c. transparent covering at the front of the eye
39.
part of the eye that contains the photoreceptors e. structure
responsible for peripheral vision
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
37.
37. The part of the eye that changes shape to adjust for an object’s
distance is the
38.
a. b. pupil.
39.
c. d. retina. e. iris.
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Identify
38.
38. Sebastian’s eyeball is shorter than normal. Light from
nearby objects is focused behind his retina instead of on his
retina. What condition does Sebastian have?
1. a.
Nearsightedness Blindness
2. c.
Monochromatic color blindness Red-green color blindness
3. e.
Farsightedness
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES: Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Apply
39.
39. In vision, the photoreceptors are called a. retina, lens,
and
40.
olfactory bulbs.
41.
c. semicircular canals and vestibular d. pheromones.
42.
e. rods and
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES: Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Identify
40.
40. In the human eye, rods are to as cones are to .
a. light; color
41.
color; light c. retina; pupil
42.
monochromat; dichromat e. dichromat; monochromat
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
41.
41. The ratio of rods to cones is approximately a. 10 to
42.
1 to 10. c. 20 to 1. d. 1 to 20. e. 1 to 1.
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Identify
42.
42. All of the following are true of cones EXCEPT
43.
a. they are responsible for peripheral b. they provide color
vision.
44.
c. they allow discernment of fine details in bright d. they are
less sensitive to light than are rods.
45.
e. there are fewer cones than rods in the human
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
43.
43. Some birds must return to roost as darkness approaches. This
is because their eyes contain a. cones, but no
44.
rods, but no cones. c. too many cones.
45.
too many rods.
46.
e. more rods than
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
44.
44. To see a dimly lit object at night, the image must fall on
your a.
45.
blind spot. c. cones.
46.
rods.
47.
e. optic
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
45.
45. cells are nerve cells in the back of the eye that
transmit neural impulses in response to light a. Bipolar
46.
Optic c. Foveal d. Retinal
47.
e. Ganglion
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Identify
46.
46. The optic nerve consists of the axons of the cells and
exits the eye in the .
a. bipolar; fovea
47.
bipolar; blind spot c. ganglion; fovea
48.
ganglion; blind spot e. optic; blind spot
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Identify
47.
47. Regarding vision, which of the following statements is
FALSE?
48.
a. Objects are seen most clearly when their images are focused
on the
49.
Cones, which are more sensitive to light than rods, are
responsible for peripheral vision and vision in dim light.
50.
c. Light enters the eye through the cornea and then passes
through the pupil and lens, which focuses the light on the
51.
As a form of physical energy, light is the stimulus to which
receptors in the eyes respond.
52.
e. Vision is the process by which light energy is converted into
neural impulses that the brain interprets as the experience of
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
48.
48. Regarding vision, which of the following statements is
FALSE?
49.
a. Nearsightedness and farsightedness result from abnormalities
in the shape of the
50.
The fovea is the part of the retina that corresponds to the
center of one’s gaze, and it provides the sharpest
vision.
1. c.
The fovea contains both rods and
2. The
far ends of the retina contain only rods, no cones. e. Bipolar cells connect
photoreceptors to ganglion cells.
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
49.
49. For the sharpest vision, the image of an object should be
focused on the a.
50.
blind spot.
51.
c. olfactory d. optic nerve.
52.
e.
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
The Eye: The Visionary Sensory Organ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
50.
50. Who won the Nobel Prize for discovering that the visual
cortex contains nerve cells that respond only to lines of particular
orientations?
51.
a. Ewald Hering
52.
Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz c. Ronald Melzack and
Patrick Wall
53.
Gustav Theodor Fechner
54.
e. David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Feature Detectors: Getting Down to Basics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Identify
51.
51. Neurons that respond to specific characteristics of the
visual stimulus are called a.
52.
ganglion cells. c. bipolar cells.
53.
optic neurons.
54.
e. feature
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Feature Detectors: Getting Down to Basics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS: Identify
52.
52. The role of feature detectors is to
53.
a. compensate for retinal disparity in nearsightedness and b.
detect color stimuli.
54.
c. detect black and white
55.
respond to particular features of visual stimuli. e. regulate
the size of the pupil.
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Feature Detectors: Getting Down to Basics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.03 –
Identify the parts of the eye, describe what happens when light enters the eye,
and explain the roles of rods and cones.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
53.
53. Trichromatic theory suggests that
54.
a. the retina has one type of color receptor that responds
differently to each
55.
the retina has two types of color receptors that respond in a
different manner for each color. c. the retina has three types of color
receptors—red, green, and blueviolet.
56.
color results from opposing processes involving three sets of
color receptors: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white.
57.
e. the process of color vision differs in men and women because
of sex-linked genetic defects on the Y
chromosome.
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.04 –
Describe the two major theories of color vision.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
54.
54. Red, green, and blue-violet light can be combined to create
any color of the spectrum. This has been interpreted as supporting
55.
a. the trichromatic theory of color
56.
the opponent-process theory of color vision. c. the feature
detection theory of color vision. d. the color constancy theory of color
vision.
57.
e. the existence of
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.04 –
Describe the two major theories of color vision.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
55.
55. In color vision, blue-violet cones are most sensitive to
wavelengths, red cones to
wavelengths, and
green cones to
1. a.
short; middle; long short; long; middle c. long; short; middle d. long; middle;
short
2. e.
middle; short; long
wavelengths.
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.04 –
Describe the two major theories of color vision.
KEYWORDS:
Identify
56.
56. An object that reflects primarily long wavelength light
would most stimulate which category of cone?
57.
a. blue-violet green
58.
c. red
59.
yellow
60.
e. black-white
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.04 –
Describe the two major theories of color vision.
KEYWORDS: Define/Describe
57.
57. Regarding the theories of color vision, which of the
following is TRUE?
58.
a. Trichromatic theory is supported by the behavior of cells
lying between the cones and the occipital lobe of the cerebral
59.
Opponent-process theory is supported at the receptor level.
60.
c. Most authorities today suggest that color vision includes
elements of both trichromatic and opponent-process
61.
Trichromatic theory is based on Hering’s work with afterimages.
62.
e. Helmholtz showed that three primary colors of light could be
mixed in different ways to create any
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.04 –
Describe the two major theories of color vision.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
58.
58. All but which of the following are suggested by
opponent-process theory?
59.
a. Black-white photoreceptors are responsible for detecting differences
in b. Continually staring at a green image will result in an afterimage of red.
60.
c. Continually staring at a yellow image will result in an
afterimage of
61.
Red-green receptors simultaneously transmit messages for red and
green.
62.
e. Afterimages are the eye’s attempt to maintain equilibrium
between
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.04 –
Describe the two major theories of color vision.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
59.
59. The existence of afterimages provides support for the
60.
a. trichromatic
61.
feature detection c. color constancy
62.
threshold detection
63.
e. opponent-process
theory of color vision.
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.04 –
Describe the two major theories of color vision.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
60.
60. Regarding color blindness, which of the following statements
is FALSE?
61.
a. More men suffer from red-green color blindness than do
62.
Red-green color blindness is more common than blue-yellow color blindness.
63.
c. People who are monochromats can only perceive the world in
shades of d. About one in 40,000 people is completely color blind.
64.
e. Red-green color blindness appears to be carried on the Y
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES: Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.04 –
Describe the two major theories of color vision.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
61.
61. People with normal color vision are described as a.
62.
dichromats. c. trichromats. d. nearsighted. e. farsighted.
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.04 –
Describe the two major theories of color vision.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
62.
62. Jack has the most common form of color blindness. What type
of color blindness does he have?
63.
a. blue-green red-yellow c. red-green
64.
blue-yellow e. blue-red
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.04 –
Describe the two major theories of color vision.
KEYWORDS:
Apply
63.
63. People who only see in black and white are called a.
64.
dichromats. c. trichromats. d. gray tones.
65.
e. partially color
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module 3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.04 –
Describe the two major theories of color vision.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
64.
64. Rebecca tells Tom that he is singing “off ” Rebecca is
referring to which physical property of sound?
65.
a. Amplitude Frequency c. Loudness d. Speed
66.
e. Decibel
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.05 –
Explain how the ear enables us to hear sounds.
KEYWORDS:
Apply
65.
65. Humans can hear frequencies between about cycles per a.
100,000 and 200,000.
66.
50,000 and 100,000. c. 20,000 and 50,000
67.
20 and 20,000 e. 1 and 20
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.05 –
Explain how the ear enables us to hear sounds.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
66.
66. Regarding the experience of sound, which of the following
statements is FALSE?
67.
a. Sound waves travel slower than light
68.
The amplitude of sound waves determines their perceived loudness
and is measured in decibels. c. Humans hear by sensing sound waves that result
from changes in molecular vibration.
69.
Pitch is the perception of how high or low a sound seems, which
corresponds to the frequency of the sound
wave’s vibration.
1. e.
Women’s voices are usually higher than men’s because their vocal cords are
longer and tend to vibrate more slowly than men’s.
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.05 –
Explain how the ear enables us to hear sounds.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
67.
67. In human audition, the vibration of the ossicles is
triggered by vibration of the
______.
1. a.
eardrum; oval window
2. tympanic
membrane; oval window c. oval window; auditory nerve
3. eardrum;
tympanic membrane
4. e.
auditory nerve; tympanic membrane
and transmitted directly to the
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.05 –
Explain how the ear enables us to hear sounds.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
68.
68. In what order do the ossicles vibrate during hearing?
69.
a. anvil, hammer, stirrup stirrup, hammer, anvil c. stirrup,
anvil, hammer d. hammer, stirrup, anvil e. hammer, anvil, stirrup
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.2 Vision: Seeing the Light
Color Vision: Sensing a Colorful World
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.05 –
Explain how the ear enables us to hear sounds.
KEYWORDS:
Identify
69.
69. In human hearing, the auditory receptors are and
approximately are
in each a. hair cells; 15,000
70.
hair cells; 5,000 c. follicles; 5,000 d. follicles; 15,000
71.
e. hair cells; 150,000
ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
The Ear: A Sound Machine
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.05 –
Explain how the ear enables us to hear sounds.
KEYWORDS:
Identify
70.
70. Which of the following best describes the organ of Corti?
71.
a. an auditory receptor that transforms vibration of sound waves
into neural impulses a gelatinous structure in the cochlea that contains the
auditory receptors
72.
c. a sheet of connective tissue separating the outer ear from
the middle ear
73.
a shell-shaped organ in the inner ear that contains sensory
receptors for hearing
74.
e. a collection of tiny bones in the middle ear that vibrate in
response to vibrations from the eardrum
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
The Ear: A Sound Machine
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.05 –
Explain how the ear enables us to hear sounds.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
71.
71. Regarding the sensation of sound, which of the following
statements is FALSE?
72.
a. The brain determines where a sound originated by comparing
the sounds received in each b. The hair cells of the ear are not actual hairs.
73.
c. The auditory cortex is located in the frontal lobes of the
cerebral
74.
For each 10decibel increase in a sound wave’s amplitude, there
is a tenfold increase in the loudness of the
sound.
1. e.
Sounds typically reach one ear before the other, with the brain able to detect
a difference as small as
1/10,000th of a second.
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
The Ear: A Sound Machine
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.05 –
Explain how the ear enables us to hear sounds.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
72.
72. Which of the following suggests that pitch detection is
coded by combining frequencies of neurons firing in alternate succession?
73.
a. volley principle place theory
74.
c. opponent-process theory frequency theory
75.
e. gate-control theory
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
Perception of Pitch: Perceiving the Highs and Lows
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.06 –
Explain the perception of pitch and identify the main types and causes of
deafness.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
73.
73. The basis of the place theory of pitch detection is that
pitch is determined by the place along the vibrates the
74.
a. ear drum
75.
basilar membrane c. oval window
76.
auditory nerve
77.
e. ossicles
that
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
Perception of Pitch: Perceiving the Highs and Lows
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.06 –
Explain the perception of pitch and identify the main types and causes of
deafness.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
74.
74. High-frequency sounds cause the greatest vibration of a.
hair cells in the middle of the basilar
75.
hair cells nearest the oval window.
76.
c. hair cells nearest the auditory
77.
hair cells farthest down the basilar membrane from the oval
window. e. the membrane of the eardrum.
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
Perception of Pitch: Perceiving the Highs and Lows
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.06 –
Explain the perception of pitch and identify the main types and causes of
deafness.
KEYWORDS:
Identify
75.
75. Which theory of pitch best accounts for the perception of
sounds between 1,000 and 4,000 cycles per second?
76.
a. place theory
77.
gate-control theory c. frequency theory
78.
opponent-process theory e. volley principle
ANSWER:
e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
Perception of Pitch: Perceiving the Highs and Lows
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.06 –
Explain the perception of pitch and identify the main types and causes of
deafness.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
76.
76. Among pitch theories, place theory best explains
frequency sounds, frequency theory best explains
frequency sounds, and volley principle best explains a.
mid-range; high; low
1. high;
mid-range; low c. high; low; mid-range d. low; high; mid-range
2. e.
low; mid-range; high
frequency sounds.
ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
Perception of Pitch: Perceiving the Highs and Lows
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.06 –
Explain the perception of pitch and identify the main types and causes of
deafness.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
77.
77. According to a study reported in the text, about what
percentage of teenagers show evidence of hearing loss?
78.
a. less than 10 percent about 20 percent
79.
c. about 33 percent about 50 percent
80.
e. more than 75 percent
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
Hearing Loss: Are You Protecting Your Hearing?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.06 –
Explain the perception of pitch and identify the main types and causes of
deafness.
KEYWORDS:
Define/Describe
78.
78. Sound from which of the following should produce the most
danger to hearing upon brief exposure?
79.
a. a ringing telephone a jet airplane
80.
c. a lawn mower a jack hammer
81.
e. speakers at a rock concert
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
Hearing Loss: Are You Protecting Your Hearing?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.06 –
Explain the perception of pitch and identify the main types and causes of
deafness.
KEYWORDS:
Evaluate/Explain
79.
79. Hearing loss can occur after prolonged exposure to noise as
low as
decibels, while hearing loss can result
from brief exposure to sounds as low as a. 55; 85
1. 65;
100 c. 75; 115 d. 85; 120
2. e.
120; 160
decibels.
ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
Hearing Loss: Are You Protecting Your Hearing?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.06 –
Explain the perception of pitch and identify the main types and causes of
deafness.
KEYWORDS:
Identify
80.
80. Marlee’s right eardrum was punctured in an accident when she
was three years old. She is deaf in her right ear,
but is helped with a hearing aid that amplifies sound waves.
What type of deafness does Marlee have?
1. a.
nerve
2. continuity
c. closure
3. subliminal
e. conduction
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES:
Module
3.3 Hearing: The Music of Sound
Hearing Loss: Are You Protecting Your Hearing?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.3.06 –
Explain the perception of pitch and identify the main types and causes of
deafness.
KEYWORDS:
Apply
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