Essentials of Sociology 11th Edition by Henslin-Test Bank

 

 

To Purchase this Complete Test Bank with Answers Click the link Below

 

https://tbzuiqe.com/product/essentials-of-sociology-11th-edition-by-henslin-test-bank/

 

If face any problem or Further information contact us At tbzuiqe@gmail.com

 

 

Sample Test

Chapter 3    Socialization

3.1    True/False Questions

1) Identical twins share exactly the same genetic heredity.

Answer:   TRUE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 67

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

2) Without language there can be no culture, no shared way of life.

Answer:   TRUE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 68

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

3) The research of the Harlows demonstrated that the key to mother-child bonding is the ability of the mother to provide food and other nutrition to the offspring.

Answer:   FALSE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 70

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

4) Mead’s theory of personal development is based on the image that we present to those around us, the reactions of these people, and way that we interpret these reactions.

Answer:   FALSE

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 71

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

5) Mead emphasized that in order to learn to take the role of the “other” a child must pass through three stages – imitation, play, and team game.

Answer:   TRUE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 72

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

6) In Mead’s theory of development, the “me” is the “object of action” or the “self as object.”

Answer:   TRUE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 72

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

7) In Piaget’s model for children’s development of reasoning skills, the term “reasoning skills” is synonymous with the term “operational” as it is used in the theory.

Answer:   TRUE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 73

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

8) Cooley’s conclusions about the looking-glass self appear to be true for people around the world.

Answer:   TRUE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 74

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

9) Sociologists usually embrace Freudian theory on personality development because of its universal acceptance among the social sciences.

Answer:   FALSE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 75

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

10) Freud assumed that what was male was “normal” and that females were “inferior, castrated males.”

Answer:   TRUE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 75

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

11) Sociologists have clearly demonstrated that most emotions are universal and are “products of our genes.”

Answer:   FALSE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 76-77

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

12) Parents are the first significant others to teach children about the fundamental symbolic division of the world.

Answer:   TRUE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 78

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.4 Discuss how gender messages from the family, peers, and the mass media teach us society’s gender map.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into Gender

13) The research of Melissa Milkie demonstrated that there is little difference today in how boys and girls interpret the cultural expectations of gender.

Answer:   FALSE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 81

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.4 Discuss how gender messages from the family, peers, and the mass media teach us society’s gender map.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into Gender

14) Gender serves as the primary basis for social inequality.

Answer:   TRUE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 83

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.4 Discuss how gender messages from the family, peers, and the mass media teach us society’s gender map.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into Gender

15) The advent of Lara Croft and other women of action has clearly divided children with an interest in action films into two camps – one supporting male characters and the other the supporting emerging female characters.

Answer:   FALSE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 82

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.4 Discuss how gender messages from the family, peers, and the mass media teach us society’s gender map.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into Gender

16) The research of sociologist Melvin Kohn and others demonstrates that the differences in the supervision of children are a matter of the race and ethnicity of the parents more than any other factor.

Answer:   FALSE

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 83

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.5 Explain why the family, the neighborhood, religion, day care, school, peer groups, and the workplace are called agents of socialization.

Topic/A-head: Agents of Socialization

17) The latent function of formal education is to teach knowledge and skills, such as writing, reading, and arithmetic.

Answer:   FALSE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 85

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.5 Explain why the family, the neighborhood, religion, day care, school, peer groups, and the workplace are called agents of socialization.

Topic/A-head: Agents of Socialization

18) The “corridor curriculum” often emphasizes racism, sexism, illicit ways to make money, and “being cool.”

Answer:   FALSE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 85

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.5 Explain why the family, the neighborhood, religion, day care, school, peer groups, and the workplace are called agents of socialization.

Topic/A-head: Agents of Socialization

19) The term “total institution” refers to a place in which people are cut off from the rest of society and where they come under almost total control of the officials who are in charge.

Answer:   TRUE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 88

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.6 Explain what total institutions are and how they resocialize people.

Topic/A-head: Resocialization

20) Social class, gender, race, and ethnicity are aspects of one’s life that fall into the category of social location.

Answer:   TRUE

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 93

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.7 Identify major divisions of the life course and discuss the sociological significance of the life course.

Topic/A-head: Socialization through the Life Course

21) Because of the power of peers and social institutions, we are all prisoners of socialization.

Answer:   FALSE

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 94

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.8 Understand why we are not prisoners of socialization.

Topic/A-head: Are We Prisoners of Socialization?

3.2    Multiple Choice Questions

1) The sociologist who studied feral children, including the abused child Isabelle who was discovered in 1938 living in an attic with her deaf-mute mother, was ________.

1.    A) Michael Burawoy

2.    B) Kingsley Davis

3.    C) Wilbert Moore

4.    D) Herbert Gans

Answer:   B

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 66

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

2) In the “nature versus nurture” argument regarding socialization, the “nurture” component refers to ________.

1.    A) heredity

2.    B) the social environment

3.    C) instinct

4.    D) genetic composition

Answer:   B

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 66

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

3) Which of the following traits is least likely to be linked to “nature” (heredity) and most likely linked to “nurture” (the social environment)?

1.    A) vocational choice

2.    B) temperament

3.    C) ability at sports

4.    D) aptitude for mathematics

Answer:   A

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 67

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

4) What term is used to describe children who are assumed to have been raised by animals in the wilderness and isolated from other children, such as the “wild boy of Aveyron”?

1.    A) mentally challenged

2.    B) developmentally disabled

3.    C) deprived

4.    D) feral

Answer:   D

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 66-67

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

5) The case study of Jack and Oskar provides support for which of the following explanations of behavior?

1.    A) Identical twins will always exhibit similar behavior because their gene complement is identical.

2.    B) Environment has a significant influence on behavior, regardless of gene complement.

3.    C) Behavior is the result of genetic influences.

4.    D) The father’s genetic influence is greater than the mother’s as a determinant of behavior.

Answer:   B

Diff: 4            Page Ref: 67

Skill Level: Analyze It

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

6) Based on studies of isolated and institutionalized children, what is the key variable in acquiring the basic “human” traits we take for granted?

1.    A) biological makeup

2.    B) basic intelligence

3.    C) intimate early social interaction

4.    D) strict discipline

Answer:   C

Diff: 2            Page Ref: 70

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

 

7) What discovery did Skeels and Dye make when they administered intelligence tests to a sample of orphans cared for by trained professionals in a “good” orphanage and to a second sample of orphans raised by residents of an institution for mentally retarded women?

1.    A) The orphans raised by the mentally impaired scored an average of 25 points lower than those raised by trained professionals.

2.    B) The orphans raised by the mentally impaired scored an average of 58 points higher than those raised by trained professionals.

3.    C) There was no difference in the scores of the orphans raised by the mentally impaired compared to those raised by trained professionals.

4.    D) The orphans raised by the mentally impaired scored an average of 47 points lower than those raised by trained professionals.

Answer:   B

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 68-69

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

8) The research in the early 1960s using rhesus monkeys to demonstrate the importance of intimate physical contact in the rearing of animals was conducted by ________.

1.    A) Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck

2.    B) William and Helen Thomas

3.    C) Harry and Margaret Harlow

4.    D) William and Virginia Masters

Answer:   C

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 70

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

9) What did the Harlow experiment conclude as being the key to infant-mother bonding?

1.    A) peer socialization

2.    B) feeding and grooming

3.    C) intimate social contact

4.    D) intellectual development

Answer:   C

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 70

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

10) What concept do sociologists refer to when they say that “society makes us human”?

1.    A) stratification

2.    B) psychoanalysis

3.    C) cultural tradition

4.    D) socialization

Answer:   D

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 70-71

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.1 Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Society Makes Us Human

11) The process by which we develop a sense of self, referred to as the “looking-glass self,” was developed by ________.

1.    A) George Herbert Mead

2.    B) William I. Thomas

3.    C) Charles Horton Cooley

4.    D) Robert K. Merton

Answer:   C

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 71

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

12) Our image of how others see us is called the ________.

1.    A) id

2.    B) super ego

3.    C) libido

4.    D) self

Answer:   D

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 71

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

13) Professor Zale bases her self-concept as a professor on the interactions she has with students and the reactions she receives from them during class.  In view of this, which process is Professor Zale utilizing?

1.    A) Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

2.    B) Cooley’s looking-glass self

3.    C) Mead’s “I” and “me” concept

4.    D) Piaget’s theory of moral reasoning

Answer:   B

Diff: 4            Page Ref: 71

Skill Level: Analyze It

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

14) The symbolic interactionist who taught at the University of Chicago and stressed that play was crucial to the development of the concept of self was ________.

1.    A) Charles Horton Cooley

2.    B) Lester Ward

3.    C) George Herbert Mead

4.    D) Talcott Parsons

Answer:   C

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 71

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

15) Bob’s football coach is a very important influence in his life. Many of Bob’s actions are attempts to win the approval of his coach. Mead would suggest that the coach is one of Bob’s ________.

1.    A) generalized others

2.    B) significant others

3.    C) primary group members

4.    D) reference group members

Answer:   B

Diff: 2            Page Ref: 72

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

16) According to Mead’s theory of development, individuals who have a profound influence on the lives of another person, such as parents or siblings, are referred to as ________.

1.    A) significant others

2.    B) the person’s reference group

3.    C) the person’s in-group

4.    D) generalized others

Answer:   A

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 72

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

17) Tory is 5 years of age. He loves to dress up like Batman and pretend to save Gotham City from the Penguin. According to Mead’s theory, he is in the ________ stage.

1.    A) imitation

2.    B) game

3.    C) play

4.    D) generalized

Answer:   C

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 72

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

18) What term would Mead use to refer to the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of the public?

1.    A) primary group

2.    B) generalized others

3.    C) secondary group

4.    D) significant others

Answer:   B

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 72

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

19) Of the following traits and abilities, which one would George Herbert Mead consider most essential for an individual to be a full-fledged member of society?

1.    A) the ability to take the role of another

2.    B) an average or above-average IQ

3.    C) a well-developed id

4.    D) the influence of positive peers

Answer:   A

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 72

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

20) George Herbert Mead theorized that learning to take the role of the other entails three stages – the ________ stage, ________stage, and ________ stage.

1.    A) primary; secondary; tertiary

2.    B) id; ego; superego

3.    C) sensorimotor; preoperational; operational

4.    D) imitation; play; team games

Answer:   D

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 72

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

21) Mead describes the active, creative, and spontaneous part of the self as the ________.

1.    A) I

2.    B) me

3.    C) id

4.    D) ego

Answer:   A

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 72

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

22) According to Piaget, the stage of development that is dominated by touching, listening, looking, and the inability to recognize cause and effect is the ________ stage.

1.    A) formal operational

2.    B) preoperational

3.    C) sensorimotor

4.    D) concrete operational

Answer:   C

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 73

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

23) Jean Piaget’s use of the term “operational” is most aligned with the concept of ________.

1.    A) motor skills

2.    B) reasoning skills

3.    C) language skills

4.    D) social skills

Answer:   B

Diff: 4            Page Ref: 73

Skill Level: Analyze It

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

24) Morris is 3 years old and is just beginning to talk. He can count to 10 but is not altogether sure what numbers actually mean. According to Piaget, Morris is in the ________ stage.

1.    A) sensorimotor

2.    B) concrete operational

3.    C) preoperational

4.    D) formal operational

Answer:   C

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 73

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

25) According to Piaget, when children are capable of abstract thinking, they have reached the level of development called the ________.

1.    A) sensorimotor stage

2.    B) formal operational stage

3.    C) preoperational stage

4.    D) concrete operational stage

Answer:   B

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 73

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.2 Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self), Mead (role taking), and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into the Self and Mind

26) The technique created by Sigmund Freud for the treatment of emotional problems through long-term, intensive exploration of the subconscious mind is referred to as ________.

1.    A) transactional analysis

2.    B) rational emotive therapy

3.    C) psychoanalysis

4.    D) reality therapy

Answer:   C

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 74

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

27) In Freud’s theory, what part of the personality represents the pleasure-seeking aspect, demanding immediate fulfillment of basic needs such as attention, food, safety, and sex?

1.    A) the id

2.    B) the ego

3.    C) the superego

4.    D) the libido

Answer:   A

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 74

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

28) According to Sigmund Freud, when the id gets out of hand, individuals follow their desires for pleasure and ________.

1.    A) demand self-gratification

2.    B) seek intimacy

3.    C) break society’s norms

4.    D) need for isolation

Answer:   C

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 74

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

29) Why do many sociologists object to psychoanalysis as a valid explanation for human behavior?

1.    A) Sociologists reject the notion that personality develops in stages.

2.    B) Sociologists disagree on the influence of the super ego as a balancing force of behavior.

3.    C) Sociologists argue that Freud failed to study a wide range of subjects before developing his theory.

4.    D) Sociologists object to the view that inborn and subconscious motivations are the primary reasons for human behavior.

Answer:   D

Diff: 6            Page Ref: 75

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

30) In psychoanalytic theory, the “culture within us” is represented by the ________.

1.    A) superego

2.    B) id

3.    C) ego

4.    D) libido

Answer:   A

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 74

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

 

31) In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, the stage in which the child has no sense of right or wrong and only personal needs to be satisfied is the ________ stage.

1.    A) amoral

2.    B) preconventional

3.    C) conventional

4.    D) postconventional

Answer:   A

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 75

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

32) In developing his theory on moral development, when did Kohlberg claim most people reach the postconventional stage?

1.    A) Most people reach this stage shortly after birth.

2.    B) Most people reach this stage after passing through puberty.

3.    C) Most people reach this stage during the “midlife crisis.”

4.    D) Most people do not reach this stage.

Answer:   D

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 75

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

33) The social scientist who criticized the theory of Lawrence Kohlberg and developed an alternative theory on the development of morality based on personal relationships was ________.

1.    A) Jane Addams

2.    B) Margaret Sanger

3.    C) Carol Gilligan

4.    D) Margaret Mead

Answer:   C

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 75

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

34) What is the proposed source of the six specific emotions that Paul Ekman identified as being present in all cultures?

1.    A) They are based on the social environment.

2.    B) They are a product of our genes.

3.    C) They are based on common cultural values held worldwide.

4.    D) They are based on intellectual capability.

Answer:   B

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 76

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

35) A young woman is contemplating a particular behavior, in this case, dropping out of college. She is also considering an awareness of the self in relationship to others to avoid feelings of shame and embarrassment. This is referred to as her ________.

1.    A) socialized self as subject

2.    B) self-actualized stage

3.    C) social mirror

4.    D) reality principle

Answer:   C

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 77-78

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.3 Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotions are part of how “society makes us human.”

Topic/A-head: Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions

36) What conclusion did psychologists Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis make after observing the interactions of mothers and their children?

1.    A) Mothers socialized their sons to be passive and dependent.

2.    B) Mothers tended to treat their children the same, regardless of sex.

3.    C) Mothers unconsciously rewarded their daughters for being dependent.

4.    D) Mothers felt their sons needed greater supervision when they played.

Answer:   C

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 78

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.4 Discuss how gender messages from the family, peers, and the mass media teach us society’s gender map.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into Gender

37) The Smiths are going Christmas shopping for their two children, Dick and Jane. They plan to buy Dick a Tonka truck and Jane a Barbie doll. Their selection of toys for their children is an example of ________ by parents.

1.    A) resocialization

2.    B) role diffusion

3.    C) ego identity

4.    D) gender socialization

Answer:   D

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 78

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.4 Discuss how gender messages from the family, peers, and the mass media teach us society’s gender map.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into Gender

38) Individuals who are approximately the same age and are linked by common interests, including friends, classmates, and the “kids in the neighborhood,” are most appropriately referred to as ________.

1.    A) significant others

2.    B) generalized others

3.    C) peers

4.    D) confederates

Answer:   C

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 79

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.4 Discuss how gender messages from the family, peers, and the mass media teach us society’s gender map.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into Gender

39) How does the mass media influence gender roles in contemporary American society?

1.    A) It encourages a sexless society.

2.    B) It encourages women to assume male roles to be successful.

3.    C) It reinforces gender roles considered appropriate for one’s sex.

4.    D) It encourages cross-gender behavior.

Answer:   C

Diff: 2            Page Ref: 81-82

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

LO:  3.4 Discuss how gender messages from the family, peers, and the mass media teach us society’s gender map.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into Gender

40) The average person is exposed to __________ commercials a year.

1.    A) 20,000

2.    B) 200,000

3.    C) 2,000

4.    D) 200

Answer:   B

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 82

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.4 Discuss how gender messages from the family, peers, and the mass media teach us society’s gender map.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into Gender

41) People and groups that influence our orientation to life – our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors – are called ________.

1.    A) total institutions

2.    B) generalized others

3.    C) agents of socialization

4.    D) out-groups

Answer:   C

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 83

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.5 Explain why the family, the neighborhood, religion, day care, school, peer groups, and the workplace are called agents of socialization.

Topic/A-head: Agents of Socialization

42) Video games have begun to portray women in changing gender roles, such as Lara Croft, the adventure-seeking archaeologist, and Xena, Warrior Princess. This change in roles may also serve as ________.

1.    A) an example of pornography

2.    B) a way to confuse children about their sexuality

3.    C) a way to motivate young women to play video games

4.    D) the creation of a new stereotype of women as symbolic males

Answer:   D

Diff: 2            Page Ref: 82

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

LO:  3.4 Discuss how gender messages from the family, peers, and the mass media teach us society’s gender map.

Topic/A-head: Socialization into Gender

43) Frank is the son of a middle-class family. He took the family car without permission last night, returning home at 3 AM with the smell of alcohol on his breath. It is most likely, based on the research of Kohn, that the next day Frank’s parents will ________.

1.    A) call the police and have their son arrested to impress upon him the error of his ways

2.    B) buy him his own car and hold him to a higher standard of responsibility

3.    C) physically punish their son using a culturally approved method

4.    D) suspend Frank’s driving privileges for a month and discuss with Frank the dangers of drinking and driving

Answer:   D

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 83

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.5 Explain why the family, the neighborhood, religion, day care, school, peer groups, and the workplace are called agents of socialization.

Topic/A-head: Agents of Socialization

44) Based on the research of Kohn and his associates, how would working-class parents encourage their children to accept guidance when they have deviated from acting properly?

1.    A) They would probably use physical punishment.

2.    B) They would rely on reasoning with the child.

3.    C) They would probably deny privileges and “ground” the child.

4.    D) They would offer verbal encouragement.

Answer:   A

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 83

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.5 Explain why the family, the neighborhood, religion, day care, school, peer groups, and the workplace are called agents of socialization.

Topic/A-head: Agents of Socialization

45) What was the result of research on mother-child bonding based on hours per week children spent in day care?

1.    A) As the number of hours in day care increased, the bond was stronger between mother and child.

2.    B) As the number of hours in day care increased, the bond was weaker between mother and child.

3.    C) The mother-child bond was based on the social class of the mother and not the hours the child spent in day care.

4.    D) There was no relationship between mother-child bond and the hours a child spent in day care.

Answer:   B

Diff: 1            Page Ref: 84-85

Skill Level: Know the Facts

LO:  3.5 Explain why the family, the neighborhood, religion, day care, school, peer groups, and the workplace are called agents of socialization.

Topic/A-head: Agents of Socialization

46) Although formal education is intended to transmit knowledge and skills, it unintentionally teaches students that the same rules apply to everyone. This universality reflects what sociologists describe as ________.

1.    A) a signaling system

2.    B) a pattern variable

3.    C) a latent function

4.    D) a manifest function

Answer:   C

Diff: 2            Page Ref: 85

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

LO:  3.5 Explain why the family, the neighborhood, religion, day care, school, peer groups, and the workplace are called agents of socialization.

Topic/A-head: Agents of Socialization

47) As a third grader, Henry is reading stories about the American Revolution and how the early Americans were willing to fight to gain their freedom. According to conflict theorists, Henry is not only learning to read, but is also absorbing lessons in patriotism and democracy. These lessons would be referred to by conflict theorists as ________.

1.    A) a latent dysfunction of U.S. education

2.    B) a part of the hidden curriculum in U.S. schools

3.    C) a manifest function of education

4.    D) a manifest dysfunction of education

Answer:   B

Diff: 3            Page Ref: 85

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

LO:  3.5 Explain why the family, the neighborhood, religion, day care, school, peer groups, and the workplace are called agents of socialization.

Topic/A-head: Agents of Socialization