Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 2nd Edition by David Sue – Test Bank
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CHAPTER 3: CLINICAL RESEARCH, ASSESSMENT, AND DIAGNOSIS IN
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What
is the role of replication in psychological research?
|
a. |
Replication assists psychologists in
making accurate diagnoses. |
|
b. |
Replication assists psychologists in
developing the most appropriate treatments for their clients. |
|
c. |
Replication increases the chances that
consumers will understand psychological research. |
|
d. |
Replication reduces the chances that
findings are due to experimenter bias, methodological flaws, or sampling
errors. |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
2. Your
neighbor tells you, “I’m concerned about vaccinating my children. I understand
that scientists have proved that childhood vaccines cause autism.” What is
the most
accurate response that you can give your neighbor?
|
a. |
“Actually, no one has ever studied this
thoroughly, so no one really knows.” |
|
b. |
“Not really; well-designed studies have
been done, and the research does not support a link between vaccines and
autism.” |
|
c. |
“Not exactly; it seems that autism is
caused by an equation of environmental conditions, with childhood vaccines
being one of the many variables involved.” |
|
d. |
“You are right; double-blind research
has shown that autism is caused by vaccines.” |
ANS:
B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Applied
3. What
is most
accurate regarding the research findings reported in the mass
media as conclusive?
|
a. |
Usually the findings from initial
research are replicated. |
|
b. |
Newspapers often get the facts wrong. |
|
c. |
Initial findings reported by newspapers
often are not replicated. |
|
d. |
Newspapers are the best sources of
scientific information. |
ANS:
C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ: 1
MSC: Conceptual
4. “I
never accept the results of one study as conclusive. Findings must be
replicated. I look carefully at the methods used to produce conclusions.
Because of my skeptical attitude, you can guess I am a ____.”
|
a. |
philosopher |
c. |
scientist |
|
b. |
politician |
d. |
newspaper reporter |
ANS:
C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
5. Emily
came to see her advisor about doing a research study for her Ph.D.
dissertation. “What are you going to investigate?” he asked. “I believe that
drinking orange juice before an IQ test will raise a person’s score,” she said.
Emily’s answer constitutes a(n) ____.
|
a. |
idiographic orientation |
c. |
operational definition |
|
b. |
hypothesis |
d. |
theory |
ANS:
B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Applied
6. Cynthia
wants to ensure that her research is consistent with the scientific method.
Among the many characteristics of good research, what will she need to ensure
for the scientific method specifically?
|
a. |
That she listens to her own intuition |
|
b. |
That her participants are aware of what
will be done to them |
|
c. |
That her study provides for the testing
of hypotheses |
|
d. |
That her data remain confidential |
ANS:
C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Applied
7. Which
of the following is a hallmark of the scientific method?
|
a. |
systematic data collection for the
testing of hypotheses |
|
b. |
maintaining the privacy of researchers’
methods so that ideas are not stolen |
|
c. |
research conducted without the
restrictions that hypotheses and theories put on our conception of phenomena |
|
d. |
rejection of the concept
“self-correction” |
ANS:
A
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
8. A
researcher believes that depressive symptoms will be reduced when family
members give attention to competent behavior and express disinterest when
depressive behavior is exhibited. In this example, attention is the ____ and
depressive symptoms are the ____.
|
a. |
confounding variable; manipulated
variable |
|
b. |
dependent variable; independent
variable |
|
c. |
independent variable; dependent
variable |
|
d. |
experimental variable; control variable |
ANS:
C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
9. The best way to test
the relationship between two variables is with a(n) ____.
|
a. |
case study |
c. |
correlational study |
|
b. |
placebo |
d. |
experiment |
ANS: C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
10.
In an experiment, the ____ is as similar as possible to the
experimental group except that it is not exposed to the independent variable.
|
a. |
control group |
c. |
dependent variable group |
|
b. |
placebo group |
d. |
randomized group |
ANS:
A
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
11.
In the Thom et al. (2000) study of the treatment of
dental-phobic patients, if participants in the two experimental groups showed
reduced anxiety from pretest to posttest, could the researchers conclude that
the treatments were effective in reducing anxiety?
|
a. |
Yes. Reduction in anxiety for the
experimental groups would prove the effectiveness of the treatment. |
|
b. |
No. There are many possible reasons why
patients would show reduced anxiety, so the only way to know if the cause was
the treatments would be to use a control group that did not get a treatment. |
|
c. |
Yes, but only if one of the groups had
a greater reduction in anxiety than the other. |
|
d. |
No. To conclude that the treatments
were effective, they would need to see if the effects last for many years
afterwards. |
ANS: B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
12.
To study the effectiveness of a new anti-anxiety drug,
researchers randomly assign equally anxious people to two groups, one getting
Drug X and the other getting no drug. The researchers mistakenly conclude that
Drug X works because people in the drug group show fewer signs of anxiety than
the others. What is the mistake?
|
a. |
They never introduced an independent
variable. |
|
b. |
They did not create a placebo control
group. |
|
c. |
They never did a pretest of anxiety
symptoms. |
|
d. |
They did not operationally define what
the experimental group was. |
ANS:
B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ: 1
MSC: Conceptual
13.
In a study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy on anxiety,
fifty anxious patients are divided into two groups. One group gets cognitive
therapy, the other a fake kind of therapy that should have no benefit. However,
the patients can tell that the second form of treatment is a fake. The study is
weak because ____.
|
a. |
its placebo condition did not control
for expectancy effects |
|
b. |
it did not include an independent
variable |
|
c. |
it confuses experimental designs with
correlational designs |
|
d. |
it did not have a placebo condition |
ANS:
A
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
14.
Rosie participated in a study assessing the effectiveness of a
drug to treat osteoporosis. Throughout the study, neither Rosie nor the person
administering the dosage knew whether she was getting the real medication or a
placebo. Rosie was participating in a ____.
|
a. |
blind design study |
c. |
field study |
|
b. |
correlational study |
d. |
double-blind design study |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Applied
15.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of correlational
studies?
|
a. |
They help researchers understand cause
and effect. |
|
b. |
They indicate the strength of a
relationship between variables. |
|
c. |
When two variables are highly related,
knowledge about one variable can be used to make predictions about the other
variable. |
|
d. |
They are helpful in generating
hypotheses for experimental research. |
ANS:
A
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
16.
Suppose the results of a correlational study examining the
association between poverty and psychotic behavior show a correlation
coefficient of r =
0.80. One possible interpretation of the results is that poverty causes
psychotic behavior. Another possibility is that ____.
|
a. |
the study was actually an experiment. |
|
b. |
a third variable causes both poverty
and psychotic behavior |
|
c. |
poverty and psychotic behavior are
unrelated |
|
d. |
the correlation is actually negative |
ANS: B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
17.
Instead of manipulating variables, the researcher measures the
extent to which changes in one variable are accompanied by changes in a second
variable. What type of study is this?
|
a. |
analogue |
c. |
epidemiological |
|
b. |
experimental |
d. |
correlational |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
18.
A researcher believes that the higher a person’s creativity, the
greater the person’s likelihood of showing mood swings. Research to test this
idea ____.
|
a. |
could use the correlational method |
|
b. |
would require an experimental design |
|
c. |
could not have a nomothetic orientation |
|
d. |
would require a double-blind design |
ANS:
A
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
19.
Suppose the only thing you know about a research study is that
its statistical result is r =
–0.74. What could you deduce?
|
a. |
It was an experiment in which the
independent variable had an effect. |
|
b. |
It is not only statistically
significant but also clinically significant. |
|
c. |
It was a correlational study where scores
on one variable decreased as scores on the other increased. |
|
d. |
It was a correlational study where no
relationship was found between the first variable and the second. |
ANS:
C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
20.
Which of the following is the strongest correlation?
|
a. |
–0.22 |
c. |
+0.76 |
|
b. |
0 |
d. |
–1.00 |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ: 1
MSC: Factual
21.
Which of the following statements is accurate about
correlational studies?
|
a. |
They are very limited in the number of
variables that can be evaluated at one time. |
|
b. |
They allow us to evaluate variables
that would be unethical to manipulate in other types of research. |
|
c. |
They give us clear information about
the direction of causality. |
|
d. |
They can tell us about cause and
effect. |
ANS:
B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
22.
A researcher studies a group of elderly people and finds that,
as a group, the better their memory performance, the lower their anxiety level.
What can be said about this research?
|
a. |
It was a correlational study. |
|
b. |
The results show that memory loss
causes anxiety. |
|
c. |
It was an experiment. |
|
d. |
The results show a perfect positive
correlation. |
ANS:
A
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ: 1
MSC: Conceptual
23.
What type of study would yield information on whether or not
persons who were abused as children develop mental disorders in adulthood?
|
a. |
naturalistic observation |
c. |
analogue |
|
b. |
experiment |
d. |
correlational |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
24.
Results of a study show a significant positive correlation
between scores on the Dissociative Experiences Scale and a questionnaire on
child abuse. The researchers conclude that this supports “the view that
dissociation represents a reaction to early negative experience.” What is one
problem with this conclusion?
|
a. |
It suggests that the Dissociative
Experiences Scale is valid. |
|
b. |
It assumes there is a negative
correlation when there was actually a positive correlation. |
|
c. |
It suggests that child abuse is the
same thing as dissociation. |
|
d. |
It assumes there is a cause-and-effect relationship. |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
25.
The 2007 Parents Television Council Study reported that people
who watch more than three hours of television a day during the family hours
time slot were much more likely to commit violent acts than people who watched
less than one hour of television a day. What can be said about this research?
|
a. |
It proves that watching television
leads to violence. |
|
b. |
It proves that watching a lot of
violence on television leads to committing acts of violence. |
|
c. |
It suggests that there is an
association between watching violence on television and committing acts of
violence. |
|
d. |
It suggests that there is little, if
any, association between watching television and committing acts of violence. |
ANS:
C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
26.
Which of the following is true about correlational studies?
|
a. |
They identify third variables that
account for associations among variables. |
|
b. |
They tell us the direction of causality
between two variables. |
|
c. |
They can indicate the degree to which
two variables are related. |
|
d. |
They are not dependent on the validity
of research instruments. |
ANS:
C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
27.
Which of the following is an example of analogue research?
|
a. |
Studying the effects of alcohol
ingestion on pregnant rats in order to obtain further evidence to prevent
fetal alcohol syndrome in human children |
|
b. |
Studying the effects of RET therapy on
a population of depressed individuals |
|
c. |
Studying the effects of an art class on
a group of heterogeneous school children in order to determine factors that
enhance creativity |
|
d. |
Studying the effects of antipsychotic
drugs on people diagnosed with anxiety |
ANS:
A
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
28.
Often, when new drugs are developed, their effects are first
tested on animals rather than on humans. The use of animals as substitutes for
humans in research is often referred to as ____.
|
a. |
descriptive research |
c. |
quasi-experimental research |
|
b. |
substitution research |
d. |
analogue research |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
29.
Analogue studies are used when researchers ____.
|
a. |
are unwilling to use an experimental
design |
|
b. |
are able to use only a single subject
who must act as his or her own control |
|
c. |
are unable to recruit a sufficient
number of human participants |
|
d. |
cannot practically or ethically observe
behaviors as they occur in real life |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
30.
To assess whether sexual sadism is influenced by watching sexually
violent films, “normal” male participants are exposed to either violent or
nonviolent sexual programs and are then asked to complete a questionnaire
assessing their attitudes toward women and their likelihood of engaging in
violent behaviors with women. This kind of research is called a(n) ____.
|
a. |
analogue study |
c. |
epidemiological study |
|
b. |
correlational study |
d. |
single-subject design |
ANS:
A
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ: 1
MSC: Factual
31.
When researchers feel that an analogue study is too contrived to
represent what goes on in real life accurately, they are likely to resort to
what type of study instead?
|
a. |
case study |
c. |
field study |
|
b. |
historical study |
d. |
correlational study |
ANS:
C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
32.
Contrived situations are to ____ studies as naturalistic
observations are to ____ studies.
|
a. |
field; correlational |
c. |
field; epidemiological |
|
b. |
correlational; experimental |
d. |
analogue; field |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
33.
What is a serious drawback to using analogue studies?
|
a. |
They require larger samples than do
other types of experimental studies. |
|
b. |
Although the research offers high
levels of control, it is impossible to control for all variables. |
|
c. |
Although the external validity of such
research is strong, internal validity is usually weak. |
|
d. |
It is difficult to gain the statistical
significance needed for such studies to provide meaningful results. |
ANS:
B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
34.
The primary method for gathering data in a field study is ____.
|
a. |
through the use of questionnaires |
|
b. |
by interviewing participants |
|
c. |
by analyzing archival data |
|
d. |
through observation in the natural
environment |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
35.
To better understand bulimia among college students, a
researcher lives in a female freshman dorm for the fall semester to observe and
interview students about their stresses, attitudes, and eating behaviors. This
is an example of what type of study?
|
a. |
analogue |
c. |
experimental |
|
b. |
field |
d. |
biological |
ANS: B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
36.
To better understand bulimia among college students, a
researcher lives in a female freshman dorm for the fall semester to observe and
interview students about their stresses, attitudes, and eating behaviors. A
limitation of this field study is ____.
|
a. |
that it is too tightly controlled. |
|
b. |
the fact that it is actually a
longitudinal study |
|
c. |
the possibility that the researcher’s
presence influenced behavior |
|
d. |
that it will have little external
validity |
ANS:
C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
37.
“There are many assets to using a field study,” said the
graduate student. “First, you’re dealing with correlation, so you can draw
conclusions about the direction of causality. Second, you have a high degree of
control over all variables. And third, your presence might influence the
subjects’ behavior.” Which part of the graduate student’s thinking was accurate?
|
a. |
That because it’s a correlational
study, one can draw conclusions about causality |
|
b. |
That this type of study affords a high
degree of control over confounding variables |
|
c. |
That because this type of study is
contrived, it will result in poor validity |
|
d. |
That the experimenters’ presence can
influence the subjects’ behavior |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ: 1
MSC: Applied
38.
Which of the following best illustrates
a field study?
|
a. |
Caregivers of people with heart
conditions are observed and interviewed at home. |
|
b. |
Mice are observed before and after they
are deprived of sleep. |
|
c. |
A group of people are tested for
intelligence when they are 20, 30, and 40 years old. |
|
d. |
The brain wave patterns of autistic
children are compared with those of nonautistic children. |
ANS:
A
REF: The Scientific Method of Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
39.
Dr. Cummins publishes an article describing an in depth
interview with a man who abused alcohol for 25 years before becoming abstinent
after having a religious conversion experience. The article included
observation and medical and psychological test information. This article
illustrates a ____.
|
a. |
nomothetic study |
c. |
case study |
|
b. |
field study |
d. |
single-participant experiment |
ANS:
C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Applied
40.
Which type of study is especially valuable for studying rare
phenomena and for evaluating the course of a disorder and its treatment?
|
a. |
field |
c. |
nomothetic |
|
b. |
case |
d. |
correlational |
ANS:
B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
41.
In a genetic linkage study, which of the following information
would be important?
|
a. |
Whether behavior changes when
individuals are exposed to a particular chemical or diet |
|
b. |
Whether the experimenter knows who is
in the experimental group |
|
c. |
The nationwide prevalence of the
disorder under study |
|
d. |
Identifying family members who have the
same disorder as the proband |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
42.
Martin and Matthew are identical twins. Matthew has
obsessive-compulsive disorder, but Martin does not. In a biological research
study, who would be the proband?
|
a. |
Martin |
c. |
Martin and Matthew’s mother |
|
b. |
Matthew |
d. |
Martin and Matthew’s older sister |
ANS:
B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ: 1
MSC: Applied
43.
A researcher has identified seventy individuals with a
relatively rare psychological disorder. These individuals are asked to identify
blood relatives, who are contacted by the researcher to see if they have the
same disorder. What kind of research study is being performed?
|
a. |
an epidemiological survey |
c. |
a historical study |
|
b. |
a genetic linkage study |
d. |
a correlational case study |
ANS:
B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
44.
A source of error that is of particular concern for researchers
studying genetically linked disorders is ____.
|
a. |
the difficulty involved in finding
probands |
|
b. |
the difficulty of getting family
members of probands to participate in the research |
|
c. |
accurate reporting of whether people
related to the probands are sick or well |
|
d. |
getting funding to carry out the
research |
ANS:
C
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
45.
Carmen has been diagnosed with major depression. Her twin sister
Consuelo does not have the disorder. When asked if their parents suffer from
major depression, researchers are likely to reduce bias in reporting by ____.
|
a. |
interviewing the twins together at the
same time |
|
b. |
interviewing multiple informants
directly |
|
c. |
refraining from contacting their
parents |
|
d. |
refraining from administering a
psychological assessment |
ANS: B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Applied
46.
Measurable heritable characteristics (e.g., cognitive
functioning, anatomical, or chemical differences in the brain) that give clues
about specific genes involved in psychological disorders are called ____.
|
a. |
endophenotypes |
c. |
base rates for a behavior |
|
b. |
iatrogenic effects |
d. |
genetic linkages |
ANS:
A
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ: 1
MSC: Factual
47.
A characteristic of all endophenotypes is that they are
____.
|
a. |
associated with a person’s physical
environment |
|
b. |
inheritable |
|
c. |
manifest only in an individual who has
the disorder |
|
d. |
detectable on brain scans |
ANS:
B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
48.
Fifty survivors of an airplane crash are given questionnaires to
fill out two weeks, six weeks, and thirty weeks after the crash. This study
combines what types of research?
|
a. |
longitudinal and historical |
c. |
single-subject experiment and survey |
|
b. |
case study and analogue |
d. |
longitudinal and survey |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Applied
49.
Research that examines the rate and distribution of mental
disorders in the population is called ____.
|
a. |
historical research |
c. |
nomothetic research |
|
b. |
epidemiological research |
d. |
analogue research |
ANS:
B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
50.
Dr. Chin told his students, “Incidence rates tell us the
percentage of individuals in a targeted population who have a particular
disorder during a specified period of time, while prevalence rates describe the
number of new cases within a specified period. Shorter periods of time
generally reveal higher prevalence rates. Moreover, incidence rates are likely
to be lower than prevalence rates.” Which part of Dr. Chin’s statement is
accurate?
|
a. |
Incidence rates tell us the percentage
of individuals in a targeted population who have a particular disorder during
a specific period of time. |
|
b. |
Prevalence rates describe the number of
new cases within a specified period. |
|
c. |
Shorter periods of time generally
reveal higher prevalence rates. |
|
d. |
Incidence rates are likely to be lower
than prevalence rates. |
ANS:
D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Applied
51.
Prevalence is to ____ as incidence is to ____.
|
a. |
uncovered; hidden |
c. |
rare; common |
|
b. |
many; few |
d. |
total number; new cases |
ANS: D
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
52.
In addition to describing the distribution of disorders in
populations, epidemiological research is also important for____.
|
a. |
analyzing the possible causal factors
that contribute to disorders |
|
b. |
describing treatment effectiveness for
disorders |
|
c. |
protecting the rights of research
participants |
|
d. |
encouraging the development of new
treatments for disorders |
ANS: A
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
1
MSC: Factual
53.
A school psychologist was concerned with the number of children
being diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). If she were
interested in learning how many new cases of ADHD had been diagnosed within the
last two years, she would look at ____.
|
a. |
concordance rates |
c. |
sampling rates |
|
b. |
incidence rates |
d. |
prevalence rates |
ANS:
B
REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research
OBJ:
2
MSC: Applied
54.
A clinician has collected data about a client based on
observations, interview material, and psychological test results. As a first
step in the treatment process, the clinician evaluates this information and
formulates a(n) ____.
|
a. |
psychodiagnosis |
c. |
model |
|
b. |
therapeutic plan |
d. |
assessment instrument |
ANS:
A
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Factual
55.
Which statement about psychodiagnosis is accurate?
|
a. |
It involves describing and drawing
inferences about a person’s psychological state. |
|
b. |
It is the basis of research for a
variety of psychological disorders. |
|
c. |
It includes physical or biological
causes for symptoms. |
|
d. |
It is the last step in the treatment
process. |
ANS:
A
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Factual
56.
A psychologist gives the same test to a client twice. The testings
are separated by six days. If the test results are quite dissimilar, we could
say that the test has weak ____.
|
a. |
test-retest reliability |
c. |
internal consistency |
|
b. |
interrater reliability |
d. |
predictive validity |
ANS: A
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Conceptual
57.
Professor Wapner wants to develop a new psychometric test of
anxiety. He must be careful to have the various items on the test yield similar
results to ensure that it will be high in ____.
|
a. |
interrater reliability |
c. |
construct validity |
|
b. |
test-retest reliability |
d. |
internal consistency |
ANS:
D
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ: 2
MSC: Applied
58.
Dr. Frederick is developing a new test for eating disorders. She
finds that people who score high on the test actually engage in more binge
eating and other forms of abnormal eating behaviors than people who score low on
the test. These results indicate that the test has ____.
|
a. |
good content validity |
c. |
high test-retest reliability |
|
b. |
good construct validity |
d. |
good internal consistency |
ANS:
B
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ: 2
MSC: Applied
59.
Which of the following assessments illustrates the concept of
reliability?
|
a. |
A test that measures depression and
appears to have items that cover all the different symptoms of depression. |
|
b. |
A test that measures counselor aptitude
that, when given to prospective counselors, accurately predicts those who
will and those who will not perform well in a counseling vocation. |
|
c. |
A test that measures attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder and accurately identifies children who currently have
difficulty in the classroom. |
|
d. |
A test that measures disordered eating
behaviors and attitudes that yields similar scores when completed two weeks
apart. |
ANS:
D
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
1
MSC: Conceptual
60.
A psychologist wants to assess the construct validity of a new
test. He can do so by showing that ____.
|
a. |
scores at Time 1 predict behavior at
Time 2 |
|
b. |
all portions of the test produce
similar results |
|
c. |
the test results for a group correlate
with related measures of a phenomenon |
|
d. |
scores on the test are consistent over
time |
ANS:
C
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Applied
61.
What is the best description
of assessment?
|
a. |
Making conclusions based on
comprehensive information |
|
b. |
Beginning treatment in order to judge
the client’s prognosis |
|
c. |
Making a diagnosis using the DSM-IV-TR |
|
d. |
Interviewing, without using
psychological tests |
ANS:
A
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Factual
62.
Dr. Peterson has collected clinical observations, neurological
test data, psychological test scores, and interview material on Mrs. Davis. If
Dr. Peterson is doing this for the purpose of drawing conclusions that will
lead to a diagnosis of Mrs. Davis, we can infer that Dr. Peterson is ____.
|
a. |
a psychoanalyst |
c. |
doing an assessment |
|
b. |
using reliable and valid measures |
d. |
using the DSM-IV-TR |
ANS:
C
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Applied
63.
Dr. Simon is observing several schizophrenic patients interact
in a mental hospital ward. Which type of observation is Dr. Simon using?
|
a. |
diagnostic |
c. |
analogue |
|
b. |
naturalistic |
d. |
controlled |
ANS:
B
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Applied
64.
Gathering information on brain chemistry most likely includes
which of the following assessments?
|
a. |
psychological tests |
c. |
interviews |
|
b. |
neurological tests |
d. |
observations |
ANS:
B
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Factual
65.
A psychologist notices that a male client rarely makes eye
contact and pulls at his ear when he seems nervous. What type of assessment is
the psychologist doing?
|
a. |
observation |
c. |
structured interviewing |
|
b. |
projective testing |
d. |
controlled testing |
ANS: A
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Applied
66.
When Dr. Wilson administers psychological tests, she strictly
follows specific procedures. This refers to what aspect of test administration?
|
a. |
reliability |
c. |
norming |
|
b. |
validity |
d. |
standardization |
ANS:
D
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Applied
67.
A psychologist notes that a female client is wearing a heavy
wool sweater and cap on a hot summer day. The client walks with a limp and
mumbles to herself. The psychologist should ____.
|
a. |
interpret these objective signs without
regard to the individual’s culture |
|
b. |
conduct testing or interviewing and
disregard the information about the client’s appearance |
|
c. |
assess the diagnostic significance of
these observations with an interview and other information |
|
d. |
disregard these observations in order
to make an unbiased assessment |
ANS:
C
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Factual
68.
Dr. Heyer is a behavioral therapist working with a 10-year-old
boy named Lee. The boy’s parents and teachers complain that Lee is disobedient
and unruly. What assessment method should Dr. Heyer use to most accurately
assess the degree to which Lee is excessively active and disobedient?
|
a. |
personality testing |
c. |
interview method |
|
b. |
observation |
d. |
questionnaire |
ANS:
B
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ: 2
MSC: Applied
69.
A psychologist simply looking for any unusual behaviors when
interacting with a client is utilizing ____.
|
a. |
psychological testing |
c. |
observation |
|
b. |
a structured interview |
d. |
neuropsychological assessment |
ANS:
C
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Factual
70.
Dr. Miller, a clinical psychologist, observes that his client
Jennifer is presenting with a disheveled appearance, constricted emotions, and
is speaking slowly. Dr. Miller gathers this observational information of these
expressions to determine ____.
|
a. |
future behavior |
|
b. |
degree of intelligence |
|
c. |
cultural differences |
|
d. |
their association with personality
traits or a disorder |
ANS: D
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Applied
71.
In what way is interviewing superior to observation alone?
|
a. |
In interviewing, assessors can do a lot
of talking. |
|
b. |
In interviewing, the style or training
of the assessor has little impact on the data collected. |
|
c. |
In interviewing, assessors can collect
data on the client’s life history and personality. |
|
d. |
Interviews are not subject to error. |
ANS:
C
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Conceptual
72.
Which of the following statements about the standardized
interview is most accurate?
|
a. |
It allows for consistent data to be
collected across interviewees and is less subject to interviewers’ biases. |
|
b. |
It is an unstructured interview. |
|
c. |
It allows interviewers to probe
interviewees’ responses in depth. |
|
d. |
It often includes a list of open-ended
questions. |
ANS:
A
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Factual
73.
A widely used interview procedure is the ____ because it is a
useful diagnostic tool that helps clinicians evaluate the cognitive,
psychological and behavioral functioning by means of questions, observations
and tasks posed to the client.
|
a. |
Rorschach technique |
c. |
sentence-completion test |
|
b. |
mental status examination |
d. |
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale |
ANS:
B
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ: 2
MSC: Factual
74.
As discussed in the text, which of the following is a
consideration when assessing characteristics using the mental status
examination?
|
a. |
The treatment model used |
|
b. |
Use of a highly unstructured interview |
|
c. |
The interviewee’s cultural background |
|
d. |
Future achievements relative to people
of the same age of the interviewee |
ANS:
C
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Factual
75.
Which of the following is a self-report inventory?
|
a. |
The MMPI-2 |
c. |
The draw-a-person test |
|
b. |
The TAT |
d. |
The Rorschach |
ANS:
A
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Factual
76.
Most personality tests, with the exception of projective tests,
share two characteristics: They are ____, and they ____.
|
a. |
objective; are unstructured |
|
b. |
standardized; use norms |
|
c. |
oral; focus on unconscious conflicts
within the interviewee |
|
d. |
given in naturalistic settings; are group-administered |
ANS:
B
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Conceptual
77.
Dr. Rose, a clinical psychologist, is administering a battery of
psychological tests to a client to gain insight into the client’s current
issues. If Dr. Rose is using the most popular measures, in addition to an
assessment of intelligence and cognitive impairment, she would also be doing
a(n) ____.
|
a. |
evaluation of personality |
|
b. |
neurological assessment |
|
c. |
adaptive-functional behavior assessment |
|
d. |
evaluation of occupational interests
and skills |
ANS:
A
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Applied
78.
Nicole is shown a series of ambiguous pictures and is then asked
to tell a story about each of them. If this is a psychological test, it is a
____.
|
a. |
self-report inventory |
c. |
cognitive impairment test |
|
b. |
projective personality test |
d. |
mental status examination |
ANS: B
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ:
2
MSC: Applied
79.
The goal of projective tests is to ____.
|
a. |
understand a single facet of a client’s
personality |
|
b. |
put the client at ease so that other
tests will be answered honestly |
|
c. |
allow people to “project” their
attitudes and personality characteristics |
|
d. |
allow a client to express his or her
conscious needs and motivations |
ANS:
C
REF: Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
OBJ: 2
MSC: Factual
80.
Psychoanalysts are interested in unconscious needs and motives.
Therefore, they are most likely to use which of the following in assessing
clients?
|
a. |
projective personality tests |
c. |
highly structured interviews |
|
b. |
intelligence tests |
d. |
tests for cognitive impairment |
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