Essentials Of Understanding Psychology 6Th Canadian Edition By Robert S Feldman

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Sample Test

Chapter 03

Sensation and Perception

True / False Questions

1. Sensation is defined as the interpretation and analysis of sensory stimuli.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 What is sensation; and how do psychologists study it?
Topic: 03-01 Absolute Thresholds: Detecting What’s Out There

2. A stimulus is energy that produces a response in a sense organ.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 03-01 What is sensation; and how do psychologists study it?
Topic: 03-01 Absolute Thresholds: Detecting What’s Out There

3. The minimal change in stimulation that is required to detect a difference between two stimuli is a “just noticeable difference.”
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 What is the relationship between a physical stimulus and the kinds of sensory responses that result from it?
Topic: 03-02 Difference Thresholds: Noticing Distinctions Between Stimuli

4. According to Weber’s law, a person walking through the fragrance area of a department store will be unlikely to notice the smell of smoke in the store.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 03-02 What is the relationship between a physical stimulus and the kinds of sensory responses that result from it?
Topic: 03-02 Difference Thresholds: Noticing Distinctions Between Stimuli

5. The Difference threshold is the concept that explains why perfume, seems overwhelming at first, but often seems to lose its intensity?
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
Topic: 03-03 Sensory Adaptation: Turning Down our Responses

6. The eyes of human beings are not sensitive to all wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation waves.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
Topic: 03-04 Illuminating the Structure of the Eye

7. Psychophysical research has shown that when compared to many other animals, a human’s visual spectrum is relatively large.
FALSE

8. The primary function of the pupil is to bend or refract light as it passes through the eye to aid in focus.
FALSE

9. The optic chiasm is the point at which the optic nerves from each eye meet.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-03 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
Topic: 03-06 Sending the Message from the Eye to the Brain

10. The flexibility of the lens of the eye is important. It allows eye to accommodate to distance.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-03 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
Topic: 03-04 Illuminating the Structure of the Eye

11. Dark adaptation occurs more rapidly than light adaptation.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-03 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
Topic: 03-05 Reaching the Retina

12. All, animals, plants, cartoons, and human, are processed in the same area of the brain.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-03 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
Topic: 03-07 Processing the Visual Message

13. Hearing loss in adolescents has increased by approximately 60 percent between 1998 and 2006.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-05 What role does the ear play in the senses of sound; motion; and balance?
Topic: 03-12 Sorting Out Theories of Sound

14. The vibrating eardrum causes the hammer, anvil, and stirrup to move like a set of levers.
TRUE

15. The cochlea in the inner ear is able to receive sound through both the oval window and bone conduction.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-05 What role does the ear play in the senses of sound; motion; and balance?
Topic: 03-10 Sensing Sound

16. Sound cannot exist in a vacuum.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-05 What role does the ear play in the senses of sound; motion; and balance?
Topic: 03-11 The Physical Aspects of Sound

17. Olfactory receptors are so sensitive that they respond only to a very specific variety of odours.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-06 How do smell and taste function?
Topic: 03-16 Taste

18. Less than 500 separate types of receptors have been identified on the olfactory cells so far.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-06 How do smell and taste function?
Topic: 03-16 Taste

19. Research suggests that men are more likely than women to be supertasters.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-06 How do smell and taste function?
Topic: 03-17 The Skin Senses: Touch, Pressure, Temperature, and Pain

20. According to your text, in comparison to other medical concerns, pain costs less than $100 million a year in the United States to treat.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-07 What are the skin senses; and how do they relate to the experience of pain?
Topic: 03-18 The Gestalt Laws of Organization

21. Imagine that you have just encountered a new object. You notice that it has two legs, two arms, one chest, and one head; the object also speaks. You have used bottom-up processing to conclude that this object must be a human being.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-08 What principles underlie our organization of the visual world and allow us to make sense of our environment?
Topic: 03-20 Perceptual Constancy

22. Psychologists have determined that motion parallax is an example of binocular cues.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-09 How are we able to perceive the world in three dimensions when our retinas are capable of sensing only two-dimensional images?
Topic: 03-22 Motion Perception: As the World Turns

23. A visual illusion is a physical stimuli that consistently produces errors in perception.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-10 What clues do visual illusions give us about our understanding of general perceptual mechanisms?
Topic: 03-24 Subliminal Perception

24. Subliminal perception refers to the perception of messages about which we have no awareness.
TRUE

Multiple Choice Questions

25. In a hearing test, tones become fainter and fainter until the subject cannot hear them. What is the term for the minimum sound level at which the tones can be heard?
A.Weber’s law
B. The difference threshold
C. The just noticeable difference
D. The absolute threshold

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 What is the relationship between a physical stimulus and the kinds of sensory responses that result from it?
Topic: 03-01 Absolute Thresholds: Detecting What’s Out There

26. Imagine that you are at the opera and you are trying to pay attention to the singer at center stage. As you focus, your attention is often distracted by flashing lights and sirens causing you to divert your attention from the performer to other parts of the stage. According to psychophysicists, what describes a distracting stimulus?
A.Noise
B. JND’s
C. Refractive cues
D. Perceptive cues

27. In the prologue, the text introduces the reader to a term called “super-recognizers.” Which of the following best characterizes the consequences experienced by a person characterized as a “super-recognizer”?
A.Wakes in the night imagining the physical pain of someone encountered that day.
B. Often accompanied by the thought that they are stalking someone.
C. Mind never settles because they are continually driven to look at the non-verbal behaviours of others.
D. Mental fatigue and mental overload.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 What is sensation; and how do psychologists study it?
Topic: 03-01 Absolute Thresholds: Detecting What’s Out There

28. ______________________ furnishes the raw material of sensory experience; ______________________ provides the finished product.
A.Sensation; perception
B. Sensation; transduction
C. Perception; transduction
D. Perception; sensation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 What is sensation; and how do psychologists study it?
Topic: 03-01 Absolute Thresholds: Detecting What’s Out There

29. After sticking a crayon in his ear, two-year-old Sam was administered a hearing test determine whether or not there had been damage done. During the hearing test, Sam was asked to listen for the “smallest” sound he could hear. The audiologist was looking for Sam’s ______________________________.
A.Sound tolerance level
B. Just noticeable difference for sound
C. Absolute threshold for sound
D. Perceptual frequency distribution

30. Which of the following best describes the percentage of “super-recognizers” in any population?
A.Very small minority overall.
B. Generally involves half of any population.
C. Very small percentage is men, but large percentage is women.
D. Very large majority overall.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 What is sensation; and how do psychologists study it?
Topic: 03-01 Absolute Thresholds: Detecting What’s Out There

31. You are in the movie theater when you feel something cold and wet on your arm. You realize that the person next to you has just spilled their soda and it is all over. Which aspect of this experience would be considered sensation?
A.The feeling of something cold and wet on the skin of your arm.
B. Interpreting the feeling of coldness and wetness as a spilled drink.
C. Becoming thirsty and wanting to get a drink yourself.
D. Jumping in your seat and spilling popcorn on your date.

32. In the prologue, the text introduces the reader to a term called “super-recognizers, ” which of the following best characterizes what this involves?
A.The exceptional ability to recall faces.
B. The exceptional ability to sense the physical bodily pain of other.
C. Exception memory skills particularly involving numbers and card counting.
D. The exceptional ability to read body language and assess the guiltabilty of others.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 What is sensation; and how do psychologists study it?
Topic: 03-01 Absolute Thresholds: Detecting What’s Out There

33. As a scientist, George is concerned with the intensity of lights in the modern human environment. In his research project, Group A consists of volunteers who have agreed to sleep each night for a week with a 150 watt light bulb hanging over their bed. Group B will sleep in total darkness, and Group C will sleep in their usual environment. Alertness, blood pressure, respiration rate, and muscle tension will be sampled in the morning and evening. What is George studying?
A.Light perception
B. The relationship between mood and sleep
C. Gerontology
D. Psychophysics

34. The eye is to sensation as the brain is to which of the following?
A.Feeling
B. Perception
C. Impression
D. Hearing

35. For an event to be considered a stimulus, what must it do?
A.Be more intense than other similar stimuli.
B. Not exceed the absolute threshold for that sensory category.
C. Make the subject notice it.
D. Generate a response in a sense organ.

36. A dog’s nose is more sensitive to smells compared to a human’s nose. It would then be expected that the absolute threshold for smell will be __________ amount of odourant for a dog than for a person.
A.about the same
B. much larger
C. smaller
D. moderately larger

37. Both the brain and sensory organs work to make sense of incoming sensory stimuli. Which of the following best describes this process?
A.Perception
B. Sensation
C. Sensory paradigms
D. Sensory input analysis

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 What is sensation; and how do psychologists study it?
Topic: 03-01 Absolute Thresholds: Detecting What’s Out There

38. How would a psychologist describe the difference between sensation and perception?
A.Sensation involves neural events below the brain stem; perception, events above the brain stem.
B. Sensation involves neural events in sensory receptors only; perception involves all other neural events.
C. Sensation involves lower-order processes; perception involves higher-order processes.
D. Traditional distinctions are not useful, because sensation and perception are both part of a single information-processing system.

39. Sound which impinges on the inner ear and auditory nerve arrives as a fairly meaningless stimulus. At this point, which of the following describes what it should be viewed as?
A.Perception
B. Sensation
C. An auditory stimulus item
D. Free of environmental noise

40. The ability to hear all sound frequencies at a one decibel level would allow human beings to hear a huge number of sounds of which we are now unaware. Which of the following best describes the most likely result?
A.An increase in conversation in noisy environments.
B. A sense of being overwhelmed by the noise in our environment.
C. An increased sense of security.
D. A better understanding of canine perception.

41. Which of the following best describes the smallest intensity at which you are able to detect a stimulus?
A.Sensory adaptation
B. Motion parallax
C. Absolute threshold
D. Basilar membrane

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 What is the relationship between a physical stimulus and the kinds of sensory responses that result from it?
Topic: 03-01 Absolute Thresholds: Detecting What’s Out There

42. Mary suddenly notices a police car parked at the corner so she touches her brake, slowing her speeding car. The police car has served as which of the following?
A.Sensation
B. Perception
C. Stimulus
D. Response

43. Martina heard a noise, but could not understand what said it was. She was uncertain whether she should move toward or away from the sound. Martina is having difficulty with which of the following?
A.Sensation
B. Perception
C. Stimulus event memory
D. Focus

44. What has occurred when physical energy has resulted in a response in a sense organ?
A.Perception has taken place.
B. The activation is the result of stimulus.
C. The brain has interpreted the event.
D. A single isolated sense now perceives the event.

45. During an eye exam, the doctor instructs you to look through a series of lenses, asking you to read lines from an eye chart. She changes the lenses until you can barely detect the difference. Which of the following has the doctor been able to find?
A.The absolute difference
B. The just noticeable difference
C. Weber’s law
D. The sensory adaptation point

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 What is the relationship between a physical stimulus and the kinds of sensory responses that result from it?
Topic: 03-02 Difference Thresholds: Noticing Distinctions Between Stimuli

46. In psychology class, the professor asked the students to place one paper clip in each hand, and then instructed to keep adding more in just there left hand until they were certain that the clips in the left hand weighed more than the paper clips in the right hand. The class average was seven paper clips before a difference in weight was observed. What was being demonstrated?
A.A comparison of absolute thresholds
B. Adaptation
C. Weber’s law
D. Stimulus generalization

47. Driving with headlights on during the daytime makes no difference in the road’s illumination, yet it makes a big difference at night. How would Weber’s law explains this example?
A.Day and night just noticeable differences are equal.
B. Top-down processing applies in the daytime, while bottom-up processing applies at night.
C. The added brightness from the headlights exceeds the just noticeable difference at night but not during the day.
D. The retinal rods and cones are insensitive during the day.

48. The directions on the treasure map had to be followed precisely if the team was to win the race. Instruction number four directed the team to “Open the door under the brightest porch light on the block.” Unfortunately, all of the lights seemed to be equally bright. As a student of perception, what are you looking for?
A.Difference threshold
B. Light distinction distribution error
C. Absolute threshold
D. Just noticeable difference

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 What is the relationship between a physical stimulus and the kinds of sensory responses that result from it?
Topic: 03-02 Difference Thresholds: Noticing Distinctions Between Stimuli

49. The smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for the stimulus to be detected refers to the ___________ threshold; the _____________ threshold refers to the smallest amount of stimulation required to discriminate one stimulus from another.
A.difference; absolute
B. subliminal; difference
C. absolute; difference
D. difference; subliminal

50. Which of the following best describes Weber’s law?
A.Just noticeable difference is a personal determination rather than a matter of psychophysics.
B. Just noticeable difference is a constant.
C. Just noticeable difference can be equated with absolute threshold.
D. Just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 What is the relationship between a physical stimulus and the kinds of sensory responses that result from it?
Topic: 03-02 Difference Thresholds: Noticing Distinctions Between Stimuli

51. Under ideal conditions, which of the following is a CORRECT value of an absolute threshold as measured in a normal adult?
A.The flame of a lit candle can be seen from 30 miles away on a dark night.
B. A drop of perfume can be smelled over a 5-foot by 10-foot area.
C. The sound of a loud stereo can be heard from 2 feet away.
D. A watch can be heard ticking from 10 feet away.

52. Which of the following refers to a basic law of psychophysics: that a just noticeable difference is in constant proportion to the original stimulus intensity?
A.Signal detection theory
B. Sensory threshold
C. Konrad’s constant
D. Weber’s law

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 What is the relationship between a physical stimulus and the kinds of sensory responses that result from it?
Topic: 03-02 Difference Thresholds: Noticing Distinctions Between Stimuli

53. If you were to hear a loud noise repeatedly, it would sound softer to you after a while. What is this an example of?
A.Detection
B. The absolute threshold
C. Adaptation
D. Noticeable difference

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 What is the relationship between a physical stimulus and the kinds of sensory responses that result from it?
Topic: 03-03 Sensory Adaptation: Turning Down our Responses

54. When Daryl started his car he turned on the radio. As he entered the street he turned the radio up due to the increased background noise. Entering the highway, he again increased the volume to hear the music clearly. Later driving into his home driveway, his mother was in the front yard. She yelled “Daryl! Turn down that radio.” He had not noticed how loud the radio was until she mentioned it. What did Daryl experienced?
A.Absolute threshold constancy
B. Weber’s Law
C. Sensory adaptation
D. Sensory deprivation

55. The Difference threshold is the concept that explains why perfume seems overwhelming at first but often seems to lose its intensity?
A.Weber’s Law
B. Difference threshold
C. Sensory adaptation
D. Sensory deprivation

56. Visitors to a sawmill notice the intense noise immediately upon entering the mill. After 10 minutes, the noise will be heard __________, according to the principle of sensory adaptation.
A.less intensely
B. intermittently
C. more intensely
D. with the same intensity

57. Which of the following best describes why humans do NOT see ultraviolet light or infrared light?
A.Their wavelengths are outside the visible spectrum.
B. These kinds of light have no hue.
C. Saccadic movements prevent us from focusing on them.
D. The afterimages produced by these types of light do not persist.

58. The human eye can perceive light that has a wavelength between __________ and __________ nanometers.
A.100; 1,000
B. 400; 700
C. 500; 600
D. 300; 900

59. You just walked into a classroom that only had on a dim light, so it was difficult to see your classmates. In this instance, what will your pupil do?
A.Close to help you focus more on objects in the room.
B. Open to allow more light to enter the eye.
C. Remain unchanged from when you entered the room.
D. Activate a greater number of cones.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
Topic: 03-04 Illuminating the Structure of the Eye

60. The process of accommodation, which occurs in the human eye, allows it to do which of the following?
A.Adjust to distances
B. See the colour spectrum
C. Respond to light intensity
D. Associate sight and sound

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-03 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
Topic: 03-04 Illuminating the Structure of the Eye

61. The visual spectrum to which human eyes are able to respond includes which of the following?
A.The longest electromagnetic radiation wavelengths.
B. The shortest electromagnetic radiation wavelengths.
C. A specific range of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths.
D. The complete range of all electromagnetic radiation wavelengths.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
Topic: 03-04 Illuminating the Structure of the Eye

62. Backpackers decided to camp for the night before reaching the lake. It was beginning to get dark, and becoming difficult to follow the trail. Why was their vision diminished?
A.The shrinking pupil could not admit sufficient light to see clearly.
B. The expanding pupil restricted the remaining light from entering the retina.
C. The expanding pupil decreased their ability to see distances and details.
D. The shrinking pupil heightened distance but reduced vision on the trail.

63. The human eye can be compared to which of the following?
A.Telephone
B. Microwave
C. Camera
D. Computer

64. Alice tells Richard that he has beautiful blue eyes. What she is really complimenting?
A.His retinas
B. His pupils
C. His lens
D. His irises

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 03-03 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
Topic: 03-04 Illuminating the Structure of the Eye

65. Which part of the eye controls the amount of light that enters the eye?
A.Pupil
B. Sclera
C. Iris
D. Lens

66. After studying the structure and function of the eye, Hannah took some time to examine her pupil in the mirror. What does Hannah now understand about the size of the pupil?
A.It is determined by genetics.
B. It varies according to the amount of light in the visual environment.
C. It expands after birth, but stops growing in adolescence.
D. It remains static.

67. Which two structures of the eye serve to focus an image on the back of the eye?
A.The iris and the pupil
B. The cornea and the fovea
C. The lens and the cornea
D. The lens and the pupil

68. What exists in the region of the retina called the blind spot?
A.There are all rods and no cones.
B. Rods and cones are found in equal proportions.
C. The optic nerve leaves the eye toward the brain.
D. The fovea intersects with the sclera.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 03-03 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
Topic: 03-05 Reaching the Retina

69. To read the fine print of this text, you are probably centering and focusing on the __________ of both your eyes.
A.fovea
B. ganglion cells
C. lenses
D. rods