Essentials of Understanding Psychology 13Th Edition By Robert Feldmen – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Essentials of Understanding Psychology, 13e (Feldman)
Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception
1) Anthony returns home from work. When he opens the front door
of his house, he detects a strong smell of gas. He suspects that his gas pipe
is leaking. Anthony is able to smell the gas in his house because of the
activation of his olfactory receptors through the process of
1. A)
homogenization.
2. B)
sensation.
3. C)
accommodation.
4. D)
adaptation.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 82
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Sensation
Learning Objective: Describe basic principles of sensation
and perception.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
2) The activation of the sense organs by a source of physical
energy is known as
1. A)
perception.
2. B)
sensation.
3. C)
integration.
4. D)
interpretation.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 82
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Sensation
Learning Objective: Describe basic principles of sensation
and perception.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
3) Divya and Melissa go to a restaurant. They decide to try
something they have not eaten before and order chicken sandwiches with sriracha
sauce. Both Divya and Melissa find it difficult to eat the sandwiches as they
feel the sandwiches are too spicy. Which of the following processes help them
identify the spicy taste?
1. A)
adaptation
2. B)
acculturation
3. C)
sensation
4. D)
homogenization
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 82
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Sensation
Learning Objective: Describe basic principles of sensation
and perception.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
4) The sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of
stimuli by the sense organs and brain is known as
1. A)
perception.
2. B)
sensation.
3. C)
activation.
4. D)
stimulation.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 82
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Perception
Learning Objective: Describe basic principles of sensation
and perception.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
5) Which of the following statements is TRUE of perception?
1. A) It
generally precedes sensation.
2. B) It
is a synonym of sensation.
3. C) It
refers to the activation of the sense organs.
4. D) It
involves the interpretation and analysis of stimuli.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 82
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Perception
Learning Objective: Describe basic principles of sensation
and perception.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
6) The study of the relationship between the physical aspects of
stimuli and our psychological experience of them is known as
1. A)
developmental psychology.
2. B) thermodynamics.
3. C)
psychophysics.
4. D)
experimental psychology.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 82
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Sensation; Perception
Learning Objective: Describe basic principles of sensation
and perception.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
7) Dr. Breiland examines the relationship between the physical
properties of light, such as its amplitude and wavelength, and human perception
of color. Which of the following terms most accurately describes Dr. Breiland’s
field of study?
1. A)
developmental psychology
2. B)
psychophysics
3. C)
thermodynamics
4. D)
experimental psychology
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 82
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Sensation; Perception
Learning Objective: Describe basic principles of sensation
and perception.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
8) Which of the following defines an absolute threshold?
1. A) an
adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli
2. B)
the smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for it to be detected
3. C)
the range of wavelengths that the human eye can detect
4. D)
the smallest level of added stimulation required to sense that a change in
stimulation has occurred
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 82
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Absolute Threshold
Learning Objective: Distinguish between absolute and
difference thresholds.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
9) Which of the following is technically the stimulus intensity
that is detected 50 percent of the time?
1. A) a difference
threshold
2. B) an
absolute threshold
3. C) a
heuristic
4. D) an
algorithm
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 83
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Absolute Threshold
Learning Objective: Distinguish between absolute and
difference thresholds.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
10) Under ideal circumstances, it is possible for someone to
detect a single drop of perfume diffused in an area the size of a one-bedroom
apartment. This is due to
1. A)
absolute threshold.
2. B)
difference threshold.
3. C)
adaptation threshold.
4. D)
psychophysical minimum.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 83
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Absolute Threshold
Learning Objective: Distinguish between absolute and
difference thresholds.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
11) According to psychophysicists, which of the following
statements is TRUE of noise?
1. A) It
helps focus on multiple stimuli simultaneously.
2. B) It
refers only to auditory stimuli.
3. C) It
interferes with the perception of other stimuli.
4. D) It
enables sensation at different discriminating levels.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 83
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Absolute Threshold
Learning Objective: Distinguish between absolute and
difference thresholds.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
12) The smallest level of added or reduced stimulation required
to sense that a change in stimulation has occurred is known as the
1. A)
difference threshold.
2. B)
absolute threshold.
3. C)
adaptation threshold.
4. D)
intensity threshold.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 91
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Difference Threshold
Learning Objective: Distinguish between absolute and
difference thresholds.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
13) Jenny bakes a cake for her sister’s birthday party and asks
the guests how the cake tastes. They tell her that the cake is too sweet. Jenny
realizes that she must reduce the amount of sugar she adds to the cake by at
least half a cup the next time so that the guests will notice it is less sweet
than the previous one. Which of the following concepts does this example most
closely illustrate?
1. A)
absolute threshold
2. B)
difference threshold
3. C)
adaptation
4. D) mutation
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 84
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Difference Threshold
Learning Objective: Distinguish between absolute and
difference thresholds.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
14) Weber’s law states that a just noticeable difference is a
1. A)
fixed value.
2. B)
constant proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus.
3. C)
variable proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus.
4. D)
random value.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 84
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Weber’s Law
Learning Objective: Distinguish between absolute and
difference thresholds.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s
content domains
15) Acme Foods wants to make its chips saltier, but it doesn’t
want to spend more than it has to on salt. A sample of consumers are asked to
compare its current chip (saltiness = 100) with saltier versions and to say
whether the new version is saltier. On average, sample consumers reliably say
the new chip is saltier when its saltiness value is 108, but not when its
saltiness value is below 108. Assuming Acme Foods’ sample consumers are
representative of people in general, which of the following best represents the
just noticeable difference for saltiness?
1. A) 8
percent
2. B)
108
3. C)
80 percent
4. D)
100
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 84
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Difference Threshold
Learning Objective: Distinguish between absolute and
difference thresholds.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains; 1.3: Describe applications of psychology; 2.2:
Demonstrate psychology information literacy
16) ________ is a basic law of psychophysics stating that a just
noticeable difference is a constant proportion to the intensity of an initial
stimulus.
1. A)
Fitt’s law
2. B)
Weber’s law
3. C)
Bloch’s law
4. D)
Hick’s law
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 84
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Weber’s Law
Learning Objective: Distinguish between absolute and
difference thresholds.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
17) Which of the following laws would help explain why a person
in a quiet room is more startled by the ringing of a telephone than a person
who is already in a noisy room?
1. A)
Fitt’s law
2. B)
Weber’s law
3. C)
Bloch’s law
4. D)
Hick’s law
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 84
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Weber’s Law
Learning Objective: Distinguish between absolute and
difference thresholds.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
18) ________ is an adjustment in sensory capacity after
prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli.
1. A)
Adaptation
2. B)
Accommodation
3. C)
Acclimation
4. D)
Attenuation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 85
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Sensory Adaptation
Learning Objective: Explain sensory adaptation.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
19) “It’s so noisy! How can you stand it?” remarks Caitlyn as
the thruway traffic screams past her friend Dave’s ground floor apartment. “I
don’t even notice it anymore,” Dave replies. This exchange best exemplifies the
concept of
1. A)
adaptation.
2. B)
accommodation.
3. C)
acclimation.
4. D)
attenuation.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 85
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Sensory Adaptation
Learning Objective: Explain sensory adaptation.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains; 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
20) Daniel buys a new perfume at the local supermarket. The next
morning, he decides to wear the perfume to work. When applying the perfume, he
notices that it has a very strong scent. Within an hour of wearing it, he stops
noticing the scent. This example best illustrates the concept of
1. A)
reasoning.
2. B)
adaptation.
3. C)
functional fixedness.
4. D)
confirmation bias.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 85
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Sensory Adaptation
Learning Objective: Explain sensory adaptation.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
21) Receptor cells are most responsive to changes in
stimulation, constant stimulation is not effective in producing a sustained
reaction. This explains why we can misplace our sunglasses that are sitting on
top of our head. What is the reason for this?
1. A) It
is difficult for us to remember everything that we have to.
2. B)
Sensory nerve receptors are unable to fire off messages to the brain
indefinitely.
3. C)
The sensation of the glasses on our head has not reached the absolute threshold
for touch.
4. D)
The difference threshold for touch is not great enough.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 85
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Sensory Adaptation
Learning Objective: Explain sensory adaptation.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains; 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
22) Sensory adaptation takes place when
1. A) a
person pays constant attention to a specific stimulus.
2. B)
nerve receptors fire off messages to the brain indefinitely.
3. C) a
person’s frame of reference remains unchanged.
4. D) a
person becomes accustomed to a stimulus.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 85
Section: 8: Sensing the World around Us
Topic: Sensory Adaptation
Learning Objective: Explain sensory adaptation.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
23) In the context of what we see in our world, the range of
wavelengths that humans can detect is called the
1. A)
power spectrum.
2. B)
mass spectrum.
3. C)
frequency spectrum.
4. D)
visual spectrum.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 87
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Visual Spectrum
Learning Objective: Explain how the brain processes visual
information.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
24) Which of the following statements is TRUE of neurons?
1. A)
They occupy a large percentage of the total eye.
2. B)
They use light in the same form as it is received by the eye.
3. C)
They serve as messengers to the brain.
4. D)
They are found only in humans and other mammals.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 87
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Explain how the brain processes visual
information.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
25) Which of the following words is most nearly synonymous with
the term refract?
1. A)
bend
2. B)
transmit
3. C)
split
4. D)
reflect
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 87
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Vision
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
26) The transparent, protective window of the eye is known as
the
1. A)
retina.
2. B)
pupil.
3. C)
iris.
4. D)
cornea.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 87
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
27) The ________ bends light as it passes, playing a primary
role in focusing the light more sharply.
1. A)
cornea
2. B)
pupil
3. C)
iris
4. D)
lens
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 87
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
28) The ________ is a dark hole in the center of the ________,
the colored part of the eye.
1. A)
pupil; iris
2. B)
iris; pupil
3. C)
cornea; lens
4. D)
lens; cornea
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 88
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
29) Which of the following structural components of the eye changes
its thickness during the process of accommodation?
1. A)
the retina
2. B)
the pupil
3. C)
the lens
4. D)
the cornea
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 88
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
30) Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the
order in which light passes through the structures of the eye during vision?
1. A)
pupil → cornea → lens → retina
2. B)
pupil → lens → cornea → retina
3. C)
cornea → lens → pupil → retina
4. D)
cornea → pupil → lens → retina
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 87-88
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
31) The part of the eye that converts the electromagnetic energy
of light to electrical impulses for transmission to the brain is known as the
1. A)
retina.
2. B)
fovea.
3. C)
iris.
4. D)
pupil
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 89
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
32) The ________ is a particularly sensitive region of the
retina on which focused images are automatically centered.
1. A)
cornea
2. B)
fovea
3. C)
iris
4. D)
pupil
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 90
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
33) Which of the following statements is TRUE of rods?
1. A)
They are capable of reaching the maximum level of adaptation within seconds.
2. B)
They are primarily responsible for the sharply focused perception of color.
3. C)
They are highly sensitive to light.
4. D)
They are part of the cornea.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 89
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
34) Thin, cylindrical receptor cells in the retina that are
highly sensitive to light are called
1. A)
lenses.
2. B)
pons.
3. C)
rods.
4. D)
cones.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 89
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
35) ________ are light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina
that are responsible for sharp focus and color perception, particularly in
bright light, and are concentrated on the part of the retina called the fovea.
1. A)
Lenses
2. B)
Pons
3. C)
Rods
4. D)
Cones
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 89-90
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
36) Adelaide notices a flicker of motion out of the corner of
her eye as she hurries down a dimly lit alley late at night. Sydney deciphers a
complex wiring diagram under the bright glare of her desk lamp. Adelaide’s
vision is driven mainly by her ________. Sydney is mainly using her ________.
1. A)
cones; cones as well
2. B)
rods; rods as well
3. C)
cones; rods
4. D)
rods; cones
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 90
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Vision
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
37) Which of the following is TRUE of cones?
1. A)
They play a key role in night vision.
2. B)
They are thin, cylindrical receptor cells that are highly sensitive to light.
3. C)
They are primarily responsible for the sharply focused perception of color.
4. D)
They play a key role in seeing objects that are outside the main center of
focus.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 90
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
38) The ________ play a key role in peripheral vision, seeing
objects that are outside the main center of focus.
1. A)
lenses
2. B)
pons
3. C)
rods
4. D)
cones
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 90
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Vision
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
39) Which of the following describes dark adaptation?
1. A)
the process of adjusting to dim light after exposure to bright light
2. B) a
medical condition in which people gradually lose their eyesight
3. C)
the process of adjusting to bright light after exposure to dim light
4. D) a
medical procedure through which the eyesight can be enhanced
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 90
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Dark Adaptation
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
40) Dexter is arrested and imprisoned for committing a murder.
He is locked for a week in a dimly lit prison cell before being shifted to a
cell with better lighting. When Dexter steps out of his dark prison cell, his
eyes take a minute or two to adjust to the bright light outside his cell. Which
of the following does this example best illustrate?
1. A)
light adaptation
2. B)
light accommodation
3. C)
peripheral vision
4. D)
visual agnosia
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 90
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Light Adaptation
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
41) Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the
order in which light stimulates cells early in the visual processing of an
image?
1. A)
bipolar cells → ganglion cells → rods and cones
2. B)
bipolar cells → rods and cones → ganglion cells
3. C)
ganglion cells → rods and cones → bipolar cells
4. D)
rods and cones → bipolar cells → ganglion cells
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 90
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Visual Processing
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
42) ________ cells receive information directly from the rods
and cones and communicate that information to the ________ cells.
1. A)
Bipolar; ganglion
2. B)
Dendritic; microglial
3. C)
Adrenergic; peptidergic
4. D)
Squamous; columnar
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 90
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Visual Processing
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
43) Which of the following do rods contain?
1. A)
dopamine
2. B)
serotonin
3. C)
rhodopsin
4. D)
glutamate
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 90
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Visual Processing
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
44) The ________ nerve is a bundle of ganglion axons that carry
visual information to the brain.
1. A)
cochlear
2. B)
optic
3. C) lacrimal
4. D)
phrenic
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 90
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Visual Processing
Learning Objective: Explain how the brain processes visual
information.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
45) The point at which the optic nerves meet and then split is
termed the optic
1. A)
callosum.
2. B)
fissure.
3. C)
chiasm.
4. D)
sulcus.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 91
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: The Eye; Vision
Learning Objective: Identify the structural components of
the eye.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
46) A major function of the ganglion cells is to
1. A)
detect variations in light and darkness.
2. B)
detect a variety of basic visual features, such as motion.
3. C)
detect specific types of objects in the visual field.
4. D)
integrate the activity of different neural systems for vision.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 91
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Visual Processing
Learning Objective: Explain how the brain processes visual
information.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
47) The ultimate processing of visual images takes place in the
visual ________ of the brain.
1. A)
callosum
2. B)
thalamus
3. C)
cortex
4. D)
medulla
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 92
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Visual Processing
Learning Objective: Explain how the brain processes visual
information.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
48) Which of the following psychologists won the Nobel Prize in
1981 for their discovery of feature detectors?
1. A)
Raymond Cattell
2. B)
Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer
3. C)
Carl Jung
4. D)
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 92
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Visual Processing
Learning Objective: Explain how the brain processes visual
information.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of
psychology’s content domains
49) ________ are specialized neurons that are activated only by
visual stimuli having certain features, such as a particular shape or pattern.
1. A)
Neurotransmitters
2. B)
Endorphins
3. C)
Olfactory receptors
4. D)
Feature detectors
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 92
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Visual Processing
Learning Objective: Explain how the brain processes visual
information.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
50) Which of the following statements is TRUE of color
blindness?
1. A) It
enhances contrast sensitivity.
2. B) It
has two forms: red-green and blue-yellow.
3. C) It
results in the misalignment of the eyes.
4. D) It
is more common among men than women.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 93
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Color Vision
Learning Objective: Explain how the brain processes visual
information.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
51) In the most common form of color blindness
1. A)
everything is seen in black and white.
2. B)
blue and yellow cannot be distinguished.
3. C)
all red and green objects appear yellow.
4. D)
green objects appear red.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 93
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Color Vision
Learning Objective: Explain how the brain processes visual
information.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
52) Sakura suffers from the most common form of color blindness.
She has to prepare dinner for guests who will visit her later in the day. She
goes to the supermarket to purchase groceries. Which of the following is Sakura
most likely to do at the supermarket?
1. A)
use a mobility aid to navigate through different sections
2. B)
easily differentiate between green and yellow apples
3. C)
perceive the vegetables to be black, gray, or white
4. D)
pick yellow bell peppers instead of the red ones she wants
Answer: D
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 93
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Color Vision
Learning Objective: Explain how the brain processes visual
information.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
53) The ________ states that there are three kinds of cones in
the retina, each of which responds primarily to a specific range of
wavelengths.
1. A)
opponent-process theory
2. B)
emission theory
3. C)
trichromatic theory of color vision
4. D)
visual perception theory
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 93
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Color Vision
Learning Objective: Compare the theories of color vision.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
54) Identify an accurate statement about the trichromatic theory
of color vision.
1. A) It
states that perception of color is influenced by the relative strength with which
each of the kinds of cones is activated.
2. B) It
is also known as the opponent-process theory of color vision.
3. C)
Its mechanisms operate both in the retina and at later stages of neuronal
processing.
4. D) It
was first proposed by Ewald Hering.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 94
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Color Vision
Learning Objective: Compare the theories of color vision.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
55) When does the phenomenon of an afterimage take place?
1. A)
when sensory nerve receptors fail to pick up visual stimuli
2. B)
when the lens focuses light by changing its own thickness
3. C)
when retinal activity continues even after one stops looking at an image
4. D)
when feature detectors fail to get activated by specialized neurons
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 94
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Color Vision
Learning Objective: Compare the theories of color vision.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
56) According to the ________ of color vision, receptor cells
are linked in pairs, working in opposition to each other.
1. A)
opponent-process theory
2. B)
emission theory
3. C)
trichromatic theory of color vision
4. D)
visual perception theory
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 94
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Color Vision
Learning Objective: Compare the theories of color vision.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
57) Which of the following statements is TRUE of the
opponent-process theory of color vision?
1. A) It
states that receptor cells for color are linked individually.
2. B) It
provides a good explanation for afterimages.
3. C) It
was first proposed by Thomas Young.
4. D) It
is also known as the trichromatic theory of color vision.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 94
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Color Vision
Learning Objective: Compare the theories of color vision.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
58) Suppose you stare at an illustration of the American flag
for a while, then glance at a blank white page. The red stripes look green when
you glance at the blank page because
1. A)
cones responsive to green light begin firing.
2. B)
cones responsive to red light stop firing.
3. C)
the receptor cells for the red component of the pairing become fatigued.
4. D)
the receptor cells for the green component of the pairing begin to adapt.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 94
Section: 9: Vision: Shedding Light on the Eye
Topic: Color Vision
Learning Objective: Compare the theories of color vision.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
59) The eardrum is a
1. A)
part of the outer ear that vibrates when sound waves hit it.
2. B)
thin membrane leading to the inner ear.
3. C)
coiled tube in the inner ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to
sound.
4. D)
vibrating structure that runs through the center of the cochlea, dividing it
into an upper chamber and a lower chamber and containing sense receptors for
sound.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 96
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
Learning Objective: Identify the structural parts and
functions of the ear.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
60) Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the middle
ear?
1. A) It
contains the cochlea and the basilar membrane.
2. B) It
acts as a reverse megaphone, designed to collect and bring sounds into the
internal portions of the ear.
3. C) It
contains the hammer and the anvil.
4. D) It
changes sound vibrations into a form in which they can be transmitted to the
brain.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 96
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
Learning Objective: Identify the structural parts and
functions of the ear.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
61) The cochlea is a
1. A)
part of the outer ear that vibrates when sound waves hit it.
2. B)
thin membrane leading to the inner ear.
3. C)
coiled tube in the inner ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to
sound.
4. D)
vibrating structure that runs through the center of the cochlea, dividing it
into an upper chamber and a lower chamber and containing sense receptors for
sound.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 96
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
Learning Objective: Identify the structural parts and
functions of the ear.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
62) Which of the following statements is TRUE of the basilar
membrane?
1. A) It
vibrates when sound waves hit it.
2. B) It
is a tube-like passage that leads to the eardrum.
3. C) It
is located in the middle ear.
4. D) It
divides the cochlea into an upper chamber and a lower chamber.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 96
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
Learning Objective: Identify the structural parts and
functions of the ear.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
63) Which of the following sequences correctly arranges the
structures of the inner ear from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest
and most specific?
1. A)
cochlea → basilar membrane → hair cells
2. B)
cochlea → hair cells → basilar membrane
3. C)
basilar membrane → hair cells → cochlea
4. D)
basilar membrane → cochlea → hair cells
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 96
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
Learning Objective: Identify the structural parts and
functions of the ear.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
64) Hair cells for hearing are located in the
1. A)
eardrum.
2. B)
cochlea.
3. C)
auditory canal.
4. D)
semicircular canals.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 96
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
Learning Objective: Identify the structural parts and
functions of the ear.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
65) Identify a statement that is TRUE about the inner ear.
1. A) It
changes sound vibrations into a form in which they can be transmitted to the
brain.
2. B) It
contains the eardrum and the auditory canal.
3. C) It
acts as a reverse megaphone, designed to collect and bring sounds into the
internal portions of the ear.
4. D) It
acts as a tiny mechanical amplifier.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 96
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: The Ear
Learning Objective: Identify the structural parts and
functions of the ear.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
66) ________ is the number of wave cycles that occur in a
second.
1. A)
Amplitude
2. B)
Wavelength
3. C)
Frequency
4. D)
Sound pressure
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 97
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Sound
Learning Objective: Explain how the ear detects sound.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
67) People can detect sounds ranging in frequency from ________
to ________.
1. A) 20
dB; 20,000 dB
2. B) 50
dB; 50,000 dB
3. C) 20
cycles per second; 20,000 cycles per second
4. D) 50
cycles per second; 50,000 cycles per second
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 97
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Sound
Learning Objective: Explain how the ear detects sound.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
68) ________ is a feature of wave patterns that allows us to
distinguish between loud and soft sounds.
1. A)
Amplitude
2. B)
Wavelength
3. C)
Frequency
4. D)
Sound pressure
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 97
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Sound
Learning Objective: Explain how the ear detects sound.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
69) Amplitude range is measured in
1. A)
decibels.
2. B)
hertz.
3. C)
sones.
4. D)
phones.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 98
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Sound
Learning Objective: Explain how the ear detects sound.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
70) The ________ states that different areas of the basilar
membrane respond to different frequencies.
1. A)
place theory of hearing
2. B)
proximal stimuli theory
3. C)
frequency theory of hearing
4. D)
wave theory
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 99
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Theories of Hearing
Learning Objective: Explain how the ear detects sound.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
71) Which of the following statements is TRUE of the basilar
membrane?
1. A) It
transfers vibrations into the middle ear.
2. B) It
contains the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup.
3. C) It
translates physical vibrations into nerve impulses.
4. D)
The part of the basilar membrane nearest to the oval window is most sensitive
to low-frequency sounds.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 98
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Hearing
Learning Objective: Explain how the ear detects sound.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
72) The ________ suggests that the entire basilar membrane acts
as a microphone, vibrating as a whole in response to a sound.
1. A)
place theory of hearing
2. B)
proximal stimuli theory
3. C)
frequency theory of hearing
4. D)
wave theory
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 99
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Theories of Hearing
Learning Objective: Explain how the ear detects sound.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
73) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the place
theory and the frequency theory?
1. A)
Place theory and frequency theory explain our perception of high- but not
low-frequency sounds.
2. B)
Place theory and frequency theory explain our perception of low- but not high-frequency
sounds.
3. C)
Both place theory and frequency theory provide the full explanations for
hearing.
4. D)
Place theory accounts for the perception of high-frequency sounds; frequency
theory explains our perception of low-frequency sounds.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 99
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Theories of Hearing
Learning Objective: Explain how the ear detects sound.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
74) Clara is a visually impaired person. She is invited to a
friend’s house for dinner. At her friend’s house, Clara navigates the rooms by
snapping her fingers, which helps her identify the location of objects in the
rooms. This example best illustrates the technique of
1. A)
rehearsal.
2. B)
chunking.
3. C)
echolocation.
4. D)
accommodation.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 99
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Hearing
Learning Objective: Explain how the ear detects sound.
Bloom’s: Apply
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology; 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
75) The ________ consists of three tubes containing fluid that
sloshes through them when the head moves, signaling rotational or angular
movement to the brain.
1. A)
oval window
2. B)
auditory canal
3. C)
Eustachian tube
4. D)
semicircular canal
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 100
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Balance
Learning Objective: Explain how the ear detects sound.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
76) Which of the following ear structures is correctly paired
with an auditory or body sense to which it is directly associated?
1. A)
otoliths; body balance
2. B)
semicircular canals; movement of the head
3. C)
cochlea; acceleration of the body
4. D)
eardrum; space sickness
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 100
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Balance
Learning Objective: Identify the structural parts and
functions of the ear.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
77) Which of the following sequences correctly arranges
structures from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most
specific?
1. A)
inner ear → otoliths → semicircular canal
2. B)
inner ear → semicircular canals → otoliths
3. C)
otoliths → semicircular canals → inner ear
4. D)
otoliths → inner ear → semicircular canals
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 100
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Balance
Learning Objective: Identify the structural parts and
functions of the ear.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
78) Which of the following causes space sickness commonly
experienced by two-thirds of all space travelers?
1. A)
the inability to detect the range of frequencies of high-pitched sounds
2. B)
the brain’s inexperience in interpreting messages from the weightless otoliths
3. C)
the vibration of the eardrum when sound waves hit it
4. D)
the difference in sizes between the opening into the middle ear and the opening
out of it
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 100
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Balance
Learning Objective: Identify the structural parts and
functions of the ear.
Bloom’s: Understand
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
79) Olfactory cells are located
1. A) in
the basilar membrane.
2. B) on
the tongue.
3. C) in
the nasal cavity.
4. D) on
the retina.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 101
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Smell
Learning Objective: Describe the sensory mechanisms for
smell and taste.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
80) Pheromones are described as
1. A)
chemicals secreted by insects or mammals into the environment.
2. B)
receptor neurons of the nose, which are spread across the nasal cavity.
3. C)
tiny, motion-sensitive crystals present in the semicircular canals of the inner
ear.
4. D)
specialized neurons that are activated by visual stimuli.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 101
Section: 10: Hearing and the Other Senses
Topic: Smell
Learning Objective: Describe the sensory mechanisms for
smell and taste.
Bloom’s: Remember
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and
overarching themes in psychology
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