Evidence Based Practice Nurses Appraisal Application Research 2nd Edition By Schmidt Brown – Test Bank
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CHAPTER THREE
IDENTIFYING RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Multiple choice
Research question (p. 68)
1. An
area of concern due to a gap in knowledge that requires a solution that can be
described, explained, or predicted to improve practice is a
1. research
problem.
2. purpose
statement.
3. null
hypothesis.
4. research
hypothesis.
Research question (p. 68)
2. Which
one of the following could form the basis for a potential research study?
3. The
majority of patients are admitted between the hours of midnight and 4:00 a.m.
4. The
majority of nurses do not want to work the night shift.
5. The
majority of patient falls occur on the evening shift.
6. The
nurses who work the evening shift are not attentive to their patients.
Research process (pp. 72-73)
3. An
example of a ____________ is: “The use of alcohol by freshman at XYZ State
University contributes to alcohol-related injuries and increasing numbers of
visits to the local emergency room.”
4. purpose
statement.
5.
6. problem
statement.
7. research
problem.
Research process (pp. 72-73)
4. An
example of a ____________ is: “To determine if brief screening for alcohol use
and nursing intervention during orientation reduces self-reported alcohol use,
alcohol-related injuries, and visits to the emergency room by college students
during their freshman year.”
a. problem
statement
b. purpose
statement
c. research
question
d. research
hypothesis
Research process (p. 74)
5. The
following statement: “There will be a change in nursing practice of nurses
after completion of an EBP mentorship program as compared to before the
mentorship program,” is an example of a
1. problem
statement.
2. purpose
statement.
3. research
hypothesis.
4.
Research process (p. 71)
6. Once
an idea is generated for a research problem, what is the next step?
7. Identify
variables to be studied.
8. Perform
a review of the literature.
9. Conduct
a survey to ascertain if the problem really exists.
10. Formulate
a hypothesis.
Hypothesis (p. 76)
7. A
simple hypothesis
8. describes
the associative or causal relationship between three or more variables.
9. predicts
how strong the relationship is between the variables.
10. predicts
an inverse relationship between the variables.
11. describes
the associative or causal relationship between two variables.
Hypothesis (p. 77)
8. The
following statement: “There will be no difference in practice of nurses after
completion of an EBP mentorship program as compared to before the mentorship
program,” is an example of a
9. problem
statement.
10. purpose
statement.
11. directional
hypothesis.
12. null
hypothesis.
Hypothesis (pp. 74-75)
9. What
is the purpose of formulating a hypothesis or hypotheses?
10. To
validate the research problem
11. To
provide direction for the research study by identifying possible outcomes
12. To
identify the independent variable
13. To
identify the dependent variable
Variables (p. 80)
10. “There
will be a change in nursing practice after completion of an EBP mentorship
program as compared to before the mentorship program.” In the preceding
statement, “completion of an EBP mentorship program” represents the
11. confounding
variable.
12. dependent
variable.
13. extraneous
variable.
14. independent
variable.
Variables (p. 80)
11. Variables
that confuse the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable,
so that the research results do not really reflect a true relationship between
the independent and dependent variables are
12. extraneous
variables.
13. random
variables.
14. within-group
variables.
15. control
variables.
Hypotheses (p. 75)
12. A
relationship between variables so that when one variable changes, the other
variable changes is a(n)
13. associative
relationship.
14. causal
relationship.
15. indirect
relationship.
16. predictive
relationship.
Formulating EBP questions (p.
81)
13. A widely
used EBP model consisting of four components for identifying clinical questions
for specific patient problems is known as the ____________ model.
14. AHRQ
15. PICO
16. intervention
17. comparison
Formulating EBP questions (p.
82)
14. There
is a study being conducted of adults over the age of 65 to investigate the
effect of caregiver education on calming communication techniques in comparison
to sedative medications on the agitation level of clients experiencing stage 2
dementia. In this study, the clients’ level of agitation would be the measured
15. intervention.
16. association.
17. variable.
18. outcome.
Short Answer/Fill-in
Dependent and independent variables (p.
80)
1. In a
study investigating the effect of eating a bowl of oatmeal every day for 30
days and serum cholesterol levels, ____________ is the independent variable.
Answer: oatmeal
2. In a
study investigating the effect of eating a bowl of oatmeal every day for 30
days and serum cholesterol levels, ____________ is the dependent variable.
Answer: serum cholesterol levels
3. In a
study designed to determine if exposure to x-rays during pregnancy increases
the likelihood of birth defects, x-ray exposure is the ____________ variable.
Answer: independent
4. In a
study designed to determine if exposure to x-rays during pregnancy increases
the likelihood of birth defects, birth defects are the ____________ variable.
Answer: dependent
5. “The
purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which sex, age, height,
and weight predict selected physiologic outcomes: namely, forced expiratory
volume in one second (FEV), hemoglobin concentration, food intake, serum
glucose concentration, total serum cholesterol concentration, and
cancer-related weight change (Brown et al., 1997).” In this study, the
____________ variable is the physiologic outcomes.
Answer: dependent
6. “The
purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which sex, age, height,
and weight predict selected physiologic outcomes: namely, forced expiratory
volume in one second (FEV), hemoglobin concentration, food intake, serum
glucose concentration, total serum cholesterol concentration, and
cancer-related weight change (Brown et al., 1997).” In this study, the
____________ variables are: sex, age, height, and weight.
Answer: independent
CHAPTER FOUR
FINDING SOURCES OF EVIDENCE
Multiple choice
Purpose of finding evidence (p.
89)
1. As an
undergraduate student, which of the following should be the focus of your
literature review?
a. gathering
information
b. helping
to identify a research question
c. identifying
gaps in current research
d. identifying
a source for publication of new findings
Purpose of finding evidence (p.
89)
2. Researchers
perform a literature review for the purpose of
1. helping
to sharpen and focus a research question.
2. highlighting
areas of needed change.
3. identifying
gaps in current research.
4. all
of the above.
Purpose of finding evidence (p.
91)
3. To
begin a literature review, what initial sources would you use to locate
information on your topic of interest?
4. Online
search engines, journal archives in the local library, and recommendations from
your supervisor or professor
5. Journal
articles by nationally recognized researchers, health sciences publication
indexes, and online search engines
6. Health
sciences publication indexes, government and university literature databases,
academic and hospital library resources
7. Textbooks,
government and university literature databases, and online medical sites
Types of evidence (pp. 93-94)
4. Which
of the following is an example of primary sources?
5. Biographies
6. Journal
articles
7. Systematic
reviews
8. Textbooks
Types of evidence (pp. 93-94)
5. Which
of the following best describes a primary source?
6. Historical
reviews
7. Interpretations
of other sources
8. Original
information
9. Written
summaries
Types of evidence (p. 94)
6. Which
of the following is an example of secondary sources?
7. Summaries
of primary sources
8. Commentaries
or interpretations
9. Reviews
10. All
of the above
Peer reviewed and refereed sources (p.
94)
7. What
is the purpose of the peer-review process?
8. To
ensure confidence in the quality of published works
9. To
confirm that the work is from a primary source
10. To
evaluate publications included in the literature review
11. To
make a decision about best practice
Types of reviews (p. 96)
8. Which
of the following are scholarly papers that synthesize published studies and
articles to answer questions about phenomena of interest?
9. Integrative
reviews
10. Meta-analyses
11. Peer
reviews
12. Systematic
reviews
Types of reviews (p. 96)
9. Which
of the following combine results of studies into a measurable format and
statistically estimate the
effects of proposed interventions?
a. Integrative
reviews
b. Meta-analyses
c. Peer
reviews
d. Systematic
reviews
Types of reviews (p. 97)
10. Which
of the following summarize the results and implications of large quantities of
research and include articles addressing the same clinical problem?
1. Integrative
reviews
2. Meta-analyses
3. Peer
reviews
4. Systematic
reviews
How sources are organized (pp.
101, 111)
11. What
is the most recognized and widely used database of published nursing practice
literature?
12. National
Guideline Clearinghouse
13. Cumulative
Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
14. MEDLINE
(PubMed)
15. National
Institute of Nursing Research
How sources are organized (p.
103)
12. What
type of scholarly material can indicate upcoming “hot” topics and includes
unpublished reports, conference papers, and grant proposals?
13. Government
agency reports
14. Systematic
reviews
15. Grey
literature
16. Peer-reviewed
summaries
How to search for evidence (p.
108)
13. In
conducting a keyword search of a literature database, including the Boolean
operator “AND” to connect two words has what effect on the search results?
1. Expands
the search to include all articles containing either word
2. Narrows
the search to include only articles that contain both words
3. Confuses
the search so you may not get all articles related to your topic
4. Defines
the search by one or the other word
How to search for evidence (p.
108)
14. In
conducting a keyword search of a literature database, including the Boolean
operator “OR” to connect two words has what effect on the search results?
1. Expands
the search to include all articles containing either word
2. Narrows
the search to include only articles that contain both words
3. Confuses
the search so you may not get all articles related to your topic
4. Defines
the search by one or the other word
How to search for evidence (p.
108)
15. A
nurse conducting a keyword search of a literature database enters the search
terms “anorexia NOT bulimia” to obtain what result?
1. All
articles that discuss either anorexia or bulimia
2. Articles
that discuss both anorexia and bulimia
3. Articles
that discuss anorexia only
4. Articles
that discuss bulimia only
How to search for evidence (p.
109)
16. In searching
a database, a controlled vocabulary is
1. a
list of forbidden words that cannot be used as search terms
2. a
series of keywords that must be entered in a specific order
3. proprietary
terms that can only be used when searching one particular database
4. a standardized,
hierarchical list of terms that represent major subjects and conditions
How to search for evidence (p.
107)
17. In
which situation does the use of key words provide better results than a
controlled vocabulary search?
1. finding
standardized hierarchical lists that represent major subject concepts
2. searching
full text or citation records
3. searching
for a particular subject
4. searching
for exact matches
How to search for evidence (p.
110)
18. In
searching database subject headings, you would use the ____________ technique
to broaden the search by locating all records indexed to your search term plus
any that include the term in a related, narrower category.
1. exploding
2. Boolean
3. qualification
4. nesting
How to search for evidence (p.
110)
19. In searching
a literature database, you would use the ____________ technique to designate
which fields (e.g., author, title, subject, publication date) are to be
included in the search.
1. exploding
2. Boolean
3. qualification
4. nesting
How to search for evidence (p.
115)
20. After
a database search has been completed and you have located published literature
on your topic, what is the next step?
1. Verify
that all material has been subjected to the peer-review process.
2. Appraise
the materials to ensure their integrity and applicability.
3. Include
additional materials that loosely relate to the topic of interest.
4. Exclude
those materials obtained using data collection tools with low reliability.
How to search for evidence (p.
115)
21. After
completing a database search, if you have any doubts or concerns regarding the
validity of articles you’ve located, what options do you have to resolve the
issue?
1. Exclude
any materials for which you have doubts about their integrity.
2. Verify
questionable material elsewhere using a reputable source.
3. Ask a
nursing faculty member or a librarian for assistance.
4. All
of the above.
Ethical citation of sources (pp.
116-117)
22. Which
of the following statements should be cited if used in a research paper?
1. Fewer
UTIs occur with routine perineal hygiene.
2. George
Washington was the first president of the United States.
3. Zithromax
has shown statistically significant results in the treatment of URIs.
4. Antibiotics
are used to treat infection.
Ethical citation of sources (p.
117)
23. The
____________ test can help determine if it is necessary to cite a source in a
written work.
1. common
knowledge
2. plagiarism
3. reference
source
4. qualification
Short answer/Fill-in
Purpose of finding evidence (p.
90)
1. An
article by J. Lander published in Clinical
Nursing Research in 2005 outlined the competencies that
nursing students need to develop to perform a quality literature review. One
key competency is to know what sources of information are reliable and
____________ and how to ____________ them using available resources and
technology.
Answers: credible, access
2. An
article by J. Lander published in Clinical
Nursing Research in 2005 outlined the competencies that
nursing students need to develop to perform a quality literature review. One
key competency is to understand the various types of designs and _______design
issues.
Answer: specific
3. An
article by J. Lander published in Clinical
Nursing Research in 2005 outlined the competencies that
nursing students need to develop to perform a quality literature review. One
key competency is to know how to differentiate poor quality from good quality
reports, systematic ____________, and clinical ____________.
Answers: reviews, guidelines
4. An
article by J. Lander published in Clinical
Nursing Research in 2005 outlined the competencies that
nursing students need to develop to perform a quality literature review. One
key competency is to be able to assess the ____________ of an intervention for
clinical ____________.
Answers: value, practice
Peer review process (p. 94)
5. The
peer review process involves rigorous ____________ by experts and editors.
Answer: evaluation
6. The
peer review process ensures that research articles and papers to be published
as ____________ sources meet established ___________ for publication.
Answers: primary, criteria
7. The
peer review is conducted to ensure the ____________ and integrity of published
works.
Answer: quality
Ethical citation of sources (p.
117)
8. The
definition of ____________ is using another’s work without giving proper
credit.
Answer: plagiarism
9. A
simple rule to follow in written materials is if statements or graphics are not
your original work, it is best to ____________ the source.
Answer: cite
10. It
may be necessary to credit sources even when the original statements are
___________ (rewritten in your own words) if the concept being presented must
be attributed to another.
Answer: paraphrased
11. Certain
concepts have become ____________ knowledge and as such, do not need to be attributed
to a source.
Answer: common
CHAPTER 3
Multiple choice
1. A
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. D
9. B
10. B
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. D
Short answer/Fill-in
1. oatmeal
2. serum
cholesterol levels
3. independent
4. dependent
5. dependent
6. independent
CHAPTER 4
Multiple choice
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. D
11. B
12. C
13. B
14. A
15. C
16. D
17. B
18. A
19. C
20. B
21. D
22. C
23. A
Short answer/Fill-in
1. credible,
access
2. study
3. reviews,
guidelines
4. value,
practice
5. evaluation
6. primary,
criteria
7. quality
8. plagiarism
9. cite
10. paraphrased
11. common
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