Exercise Physiology Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance 10th Edition 10Th Edition by Scott Powers – Test Bank
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TEST BANK
Chapter 3
BIOENERGETICS
Level 1 questions-Lowest level of difficulty questions (correct
response requires remembering key information)
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The
metabolic process of converting foodstuffs into a biological usable form of
energy is called
A.bioenergetics
B. metabolism
C. glycolysis
2. coupled
reactions
2. By
definition, an endergonic reaction is
A.a
chemical reaction that requires energy to be added to the reactants before the
reaction will take place.
B. a chemical reaction that gives off energy.
C. an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
D. a chemical reaction that results in products that are identical in
structure.
3. Coupled
reactions are defined as
A. reactions that are linked together via the same enzyme.
B.reactions
that are linked together, with the liberation of free energy in one reaction
being used to drive the second reaction.
C. reactions that are not directly linked together but are require the
same enzyme.
D. reactions that are linked together because they act upon common
substrates.
4. Enzymes
are catalysts that increase the rate of reactions by
A. pulling two substrates together.
B.lowering
the energy of activation.
C. binding to a substrate and producing energy.
D. binding to a substrate and releasing protons.
5. Enzymes
called kinases are responsible for
A. removing electrons from substrates
6. adding
hydrogens to substrates
7. adding
phosphate groups (i.e., phosphorylation of substrates)
8. enzymes
that catalyze the transfer of protons from one molecule to another
6. Stored
polysaccharides in muscle and other tissues in animals are called
A. glucose.
B. fructose.
C.glycogen.
D. cellulose.
7. Fats
that are stored in muscle and adipose tissue and play an important role as an
energy substrate are
A. phospholipids.
B. cholesterol.
C.triglycerides.
D. lipoproteins.
8. The
immediate source of energy for muscular contraction is
9. NAD.
B. FAD.
C.ATP.
D. GTP.
9. The
simplest and most rapid method of producing ATP during exercise is through
A. glycolysis.
B.ATP-CP
system.
C. aerobic metabolism.
D. glycogenolysis.
10.
If muscle glycogen is the initial substrate, the net production
ATP resulting during glycolysis is.
A. 2 molecules.
B.3
molecules.
C. 32 molecules.
D. 33 molecules.
11.
The two most important hydrogen (electron) carriers in bioenergetic
chemical reactions are
A. NAD and ATP.
B. FAD and ATP.
C.NAD
and FAD.
D. NAD and LDH.
12.
The primary function of the Krebs cycle is to
A.complete
the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins (i.e., form NADH and FADH).
B. produce ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation.
C. prime glycolysis for the production of ATP.
D. produce H2O and ATP.
13.
Aerobic production of ATP occurs in the
A. mitochondria in a process called glycolysis.
B.mitochondria
in a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
C. mitochondria in a process called beta oxidation.
D. cytoplasm.
14.
Each pair of electrons passed through the electron transport
chain from NADH to oxygen releases enough energy to form
A. 1.5 ATP.
B.2.5
ATP.
C. 5.0 ATP.
D. 10.0 ATP.
15.
The total ATP tally from the aerobic breakdown of glucose is
A.32
ATP.
B. 36 ATP.
C. 38 ATP.
D. 39 ATP.
16.
The calculated efficiency for aerobic respiration is
approximately
A. 0%.
B.34%.
C. 100%.
D. 66%.
17.
The activity of creatine kinase is increased by a rise in ____ levels
in the muscle fiber.
A. NAD.
B. ATP.
C.ADP.
D. lactate.
18.
The rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis is
A. lactate dehydrogenase.
B. hexokinase.
C.phosphofructokinase.
D. pyruvate kinase.
19.
The rate limiting enzyme in the Krebs cycle is
A.isocitrate
dehydrogenase.
B. hexokinase.
C. succinate dehydrogenase.
D. cytochrome oxidase.
20.
The rate-limiting enzyme in the electron transport chain is
A. phosphofructokinase.
B.isocitrate dehydrogenase.
C. myosin ATPase.
D. cytochrome
oxidase.
21.
The process of beta-oxidation involves
A. breaking down stored triglycerides to FFA.
B. the addition of oxygen to a fatty acid.
C.the
breakdown of a fatty acid to acetyl-CoA.
D. none of these.
22.
The caloric (kcal) yield of one gram of protein
is approximately
A.4 kcal/g.
B. 7 kcal/g.
C. 9 kcal/g.
D. the same as that of one gram of fat.
23.
A high level of ________ in the muscle fiber would slow
glycolysis by inhibiting its rate limiting enzyme.
A. ADP
B. ATP
C. Pi
D. none of the above answers are correct.
24.
Rate limiting enzymes are often located
A.near
the beginning of a metabolic pathway.
25.
near the end of a metabolic pathway.
26.
outside of the main metabolic pathway.
27.
None of the above answers are correct.
Level 2 questions-Moderate level of difficulty (correct response
requires understanding and comprehending information)
25.
Elevated blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase may assist in the
diagnosis of which medical condition?
A. Paget’s disease
B. pancreatitis
C. muscular dystrophy
D.myocardial
infarction
26.
Which of the following statements about glycolysis is correct?
A. glycolysis occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
B.glycolysis
involves the breakdown of glucose or glycogen into two molecules of pyruvate or
lactate
27.
glycolysis can start with the breakdown of fatty acids.
D. glycolysis does NOT produce any ATP.
27.
In general, the higher the intensity of the activity, the
greater the contribution of
A. aerobic energy production.
B.anaerobic
energy production.
C. the Krebs cycle to the production of ATP by substrate level
phosphorylation.
D. None of the above answers are correct.
28.
The conversion of pyruvate to lactate requires
A. the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.
B. NADH + H+.
C.A
and B are correct.
D. None of the above answers are correct.
29.
The term lactate refers to
30.
a potential end-product of glycolysis.
B. the conjugate base of lactic acid.
C.the salt of lactic acid.
D. all
of the above answers are correct.
30.
Body temperature increases slightly during exercise. A 1-2O C
increase in muscle temperature during exercise would likely
31.
increase enzyme activity.
B. decrease enzyme activity.
C.denatures enzymes.
D. none of these answers are correct.
31.
The primary purpose of the Krebs cycle is to
A.complete
the oxidation of foodstuffs using NAD and FAD as hydrogen (electron) carriers.
B. catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP from creatine phosphate.
C. oxidize foodstuffs and transfer those electrons to pyruvic acid.
D. convert lactate to pyruvate.
Level 3 questions -Highest level of difficulty (correct response
requires applying and analyzing information)
32.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the
electron transport chain?
A. The primary purpose of the electron transport chain is to complete the
oxidation of carbohydrates.
33.
The primary purpose of the electron transport chain is to
produce acetyl-CoA.
C.The
primary purpose of the electron transport chain is to harvest the energy from
electrons moving down this pathway to produce ATP and water.
34.
The end-result of the electron transport chain is the formation
of lactate.
33.
The actual net ATP yield from aerobic metabolism of one molecule
of glucose is different from the theoretical yield because
A. the net production of ATP is higher than previously thought.
B.it
accounts for the fact that the energy provided by NADH and FADH is required not
only for ATP production but also to transport ATP across the mitochondrial
membrane.
C. it eliminates the ATP derived from NADH.
D. All of these answers are correct.
34.
Three molecules of NADH are produced during one turn of the
citric acid cycle. How many total ATP molecules can be produced from these
three NADH molecules?
35.
1.5 ATP
36.
2.5 ATP
37.
5.0 ATP
D.7.5 ATP
35.
Compared to NADH, FADH produces less ATP because
36.
FADH has a lower molecular mass than NADH
37.
FADH enters the electron transport chain before NADH
38.
the electrons from FADH are donated later in the electron
transport chain than those by NADH
39.
None of the above answers are correct
All true/false questions are rated as Level 1 questions-Lowest
level of difficulty questions (correct response requires remembering key
information)
True / False Questions
36.
In order to be oxidized for the eventual formation of ATP, amino
acids must first be converted to Acetyl-CoA or Krebs cycle intermediates.
TRUE
37.
Compounds that contain carbon are called inorganic compounds.
FALSE
38.
The field of molecular biology is concerned with understanding
the regulation of proteins.
FALSE
39.
Cellular reactions that give off energy are called exergonic
reactions.
TRUE
40.
The breakdown of glycogen into glucose is called
gluconeogenesis.
FALSE
41.
Free radicals are molecules that contain an unpaired electron in
their outer orbital.
TRUE
TEST BANK
Chapter 5
Cell Signaling and the Hormonal Responses to Exercise
Multiple Choice Questions
Level 1 questions-Lowest level of difficulty questions (correct
response requires remembering key information)
1. Steroid
hormones exert their primary effect by
A. activating adenylate cyclase.
B.regulating
gene expression.
C. blocking the effect of cyclic AMP.
D. causing an inflammation response.
2. Hormones
are defined as
3. chemical
messengers located inside of muscle cells.
4. chemical
messengers located within the central nervous system.
5. chemical
messengers released into the blood
6. None
of the above answers are correct
3. Which
of the following hormones is secreted by the thyroid gland and plays a role in
the regulation of plasma calcium levels?
A. thyroxine
B. triiodothyronine
C.calcitonin
D. parathyroid hormone
4. Which
of the following hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?
A.epinephrine
B. aldosterone
C. cortisol
D. angiotensin II
5. Which
of the following hormones may be related to changes in mood and pain perception
during endurance exercise?
A. catecholamines
B. glucocorticoids
C. somatomedins
D.endorphins
6. Given
the importance of maintaining plasma glucose levelsconstant during exercise,
insulin secretion would be expected to ______________ during exercise.
A. increase
B.decrease
C. remain the same
7. decrease
initially, followed by a rapid increase
7. A
hormone that is released from the pancreas at a higher rate during exercise to
mobilize liver glucose and adipose tissue fatty acids is
A.glucagon.
B. somatostatin.
C. insulin.
D. none of the above.
8. The
term describing the cessation of the menstrual cycle resulting from lower
estrogen levels in some female athletes is
A. dysmenorrhea.
B. eumenorrhea.
C.amenorrhea.
D. menarche.
9. Muscle
glycogen breakdown is under dual control by both
10.
catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine) and Ca++/calmodulin.
B.thyroid hormone and calmodulin
C. catecholamines and thyroid hormone
11.
none of the above answers are correct.
10.
Which of the following hormones is believed to exert a
“permissive” effect on the mobilization of glucose from the liver and FFA from
adipose tissue?
A. epinephrine
B.T3 and
T4
C. insulin
D. glucagon
11.
During exercise of about 40% VO2 max,
the concentration of plasma cortisol
A.is
lower than at rest.
B. is higher than at rest.
C. remains the same as at rest.
12.
None of the above answers are correct
12.
As a result of training, the sympathetic nervous system’s
response to a fixed submaximal work rate
A. is increased.
B.is
decreased.
C. remains the same.
13.
None of the above answers are correct
13.
The mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and
glucose from liver glycogen would be stimulated by
A. an increase in insulin and an increase in glucagon.
B.a
decrease in insulin and an increase in glucagon.
C. an increase in insulin and a decrease in glucagon.
D. a decrease in insulin and a decrease in glucagon.
14.
Which of the following hormones is part of the General Adaptive
Syndrome and is called the “stress” hormone?
A. epinephrine
B. renin
C.cortisol
D. insulin
15.
Which of the following hormones is secreted from adipose tissue?
A. leptin
B. adiponectin
C.both
A and B are correct
D. none of the above answers are correct
Level 2 questions-Moderate level of difficulty (correct response
requires understanding and comprehending information)
16.
While hormones circulate to all tissues, some affect only a few
tissues. This is due to the
A. plasma concentration of the hormone.
B. training state of the subject.
C.type
of receptor at the tissue.
D. concentration of the hormone.
17.
Plasma concentrations of growth hormone are elevated following bouts
of short-duration, high intensity exercise. The primary effect of an increase
in plasma concentrations of growth hormone is to
A.promote
the increase in protein synthesis.
B. promote long bone growth.
C. increase the mobilization of FFA and reduce tissue use of blood
glucose.
D. none of the above answers are correct.
18.
When adenylate cyclase is activated by a hormone, the
concentration of cyclic AMP increases in the cell even though the hormone does
not enter the cell. This is an example of the __________________ mechanism of
hormone action.
A. altering membrane transport
B. altering activity of DNA
C.second
messenger
D. all of the above answers are correct
19.
If the thyroid gland does not produce a sufficient amount of T3 or
T4, the resting metabolic rate will
A. increase.
B.decrease.
C. remain the same.
20.
None of the above answers are correct
20.
The decrease in plasma volume and the increase in the osmolality
of the plasma during prolonged exercise results in _________________ in
antidiuretic hormone.
A.an
increase
B. a decrease
C. no change
21.
None of the above answers are correct
21.
During exercise, epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulate liver
glycogenolysis indirectly by
A.increasing
glucagon secretion from the pancreas.
B. increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas.
C. increasing the uptake of FFA by muscle.
D. lowering plasma cortisol concentration.
Level 3 questions -Highest level of difficulty (correct response
requires applying and analyzing information)
22.
Growth hormone
A. is released from the anterior pituitary.
B.spares plasma glucose during exercise.
C. increases gluconeogenesis in the liver.
D. All
of the above are true.
23.
Insulin secretion would be highest
A. during prolonged exercise.
B. as exercise intensity increases.
C.after
a meal high in carbohydrates.
D. It would be equally high after all of the above.
24.
During exercise, blood glucose concentration is maintained
fairly constantby all of the following factorsEXCEPT ONE.
A. elevated mobilization of FFA from adipose tissue.
B.increased rate of gluconeogenesis.
C. blocking entry of glucose into cells.
D. elevated
concentration of insulin.
25.
The concentration of a hormone can be increased by
A.decreasing the rate at which it is metabolized and removed from the body.
B. increasing the number of receptors.
C. decreasing plasma volume.
D. both
A and C are correct.
26.
During a bout of high intensity exercise (i.e., 10 minutes at
80%VO2 max), the plasma concentration of hormones that stimulate
fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue increase significantly. The
plasma-free fatty acid concentration, however, actually decreases. Why does
this occur?
A. Fatty acid supply is depleted.
B. Hormones are ineffective in maximal work.
C.Lactic
acid interferes with fatty acid mobilization.
D. High insulin levels secreted during maximal exercise interfere with
fatty acid mobilization.
All true/false questions are rated as Level 1 questions-Lowest
level of difficulty questions (correct response requires remembering key
information)
True / False Questions
27.
When a drug is given to block the adrenergic receptors during
exercise, muscle glycogen utilization is reduced.
FALSE
28.
Chronic exposure to high levels of a hormone results in “up
regulation” of receptors.
FALSE
29.
Blood epinephrine levels increase as exercise intensity
increases, but decrease as exercise duration increases.
FALSE
30.
Glucagon secretion increases during exercise, which decreases
liver glycogen stores in order to maintain blood glucose concentration.
TRUE
31.
Growth hormone secretion increases during exercise and decreases
during sleep.
FALSE
32.
Even though the concentration of insulin decreases during
exercise, the muscle can still take up large quantities of plasma glucose. This
is due, in part, to the recruitment of more glucose transporters.
TRUE
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